Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 FM 19-10
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
FM 19-10 3
4 FM 19-10
*FM 19-10
Field Manual HEADQUARTERS
No. 19-10 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Washington, DC, 30 September 1987
Preface
One of the most important missions the Army has is to maintain its
readiness. Unit readiness rests on the morale, discipline, and training of its
soldiers. It rests equally on having quality soldiers and their families feel
good about life in the Army community. Our soldiers and their families must
have a safe and secure environment in which to live, work, and train. The
military police (MP) accept that challenge daily.
MP protect the Army’s assets through active physical security measures.
And MP undertake a vigorous economic crime program. They guard the
Army’s people and installations against terrorist threats. Their initiatives
in crime prevention and family advocacy and their “work friendly” attitude
show they care about soldiers and their families. MP unstintingly fulfill
their law and order mission, knowing it to be vital to the Army’s success in
combat.
This field manual (FM) discusses each element of the MP law and order
mission. It addresses law enforcement operations, investigations,
confinement of US military prisoners, and terrorism counteraction. This
FM will assist MP in understanding how each of these elements is an
essential part of their law and order mission. Commanders will find it useful
in understanding how MP help support the fulfillment of command
responsibilities.
Because many aspects of the MP law and order mission are undertaken
largely to provide a safe environment for the total Army community, much
of the discussion in this FM is devoted to MP law and order responsibilities
in a peacetime environment.
The proponent of this publication is Headquarters, US Army Training
and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). Submit changes for improving this
publication on Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028 (Recommended
Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) and forward it to Commandant,
US Army Military Police School, ATTN: ATZN-MP-DML, Fort McClellan,
Alabama 36205-5030.
Unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculine gender is used both men
and women are included.
1
PART ONE
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
FM 19-10 5
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
Military police help the commander get his people, supplies, and equipment where he needs them
when he needs them. MP help relieve the commander’s burden of providing security and protection for
critical persons, facilities, and equipment. MP are the initial response force to criminal and enemy
attempts to demoralize, terrorize, or sabotage the military community or its operation. MP relieve
commanders of the responsibility for detaining and safeguarding prisoners and MP reduce
opportunities for crime. Only the magnitude and purpose inherent in each operation changes from
peace to war.
6 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 1
The Provost Marshal’s Law and Order Purview
FM 19-10 7
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
plans. The PM ensures MP plans and civilian police. Civilian police are normally
operations supporting the commander’s plan led and directed by persons with many years
are carried out. The PM recommends when of experience in dealing with people and law
and where to concentrate the command’s MP enforcement. In coordination with the local
assets. The PM supervises MP support on the civilian police executive, the PM establishes
installation or within the command’s area of policies to guide MP when dealing with
operation. The PM coordinates matters of MP civilian police. For example, sometimes direct
concern on a daily basis. telephone lines for liaison are established
The PM keeps the commander advised on between an MP station and a civil police
MP operations. The PM ensures that MP station. Arrangements may be made for the
provide protection and assistance to the use of the civil police radios and their
military community. The PM ensures MP telephone call box facilities. But use
enforce laws with objectivity. And the PM ordinarily is limited to emergencies or special
sets the example in community relations that situations, and care is taken not to overload
reflect and enhance the MP image. the civil police networks. (Requests for this
type of service are coordinated with the local
The PM establishes command and control communications-electronics officer or civil
procedures to effectively manage MP affairs officer.) MP must be familiar with the
resources and provide law enforcement when civilian police department’s manual of
and where needed. The PM’s management procedures.
and contingency planning are the key When MP are assigned to work directly
elements to ensuring effective law and order with foreign national police, their actions are
operations. governed by the prevailing status of forces
Planning MP support is a continuous agreements. The PM ensures that MP
process at every echelon. In the absence of maintain a professional attitude and that
specific directions or orders, the PM plans the they are not critical of how other nations do
use of MP assets. The PM evaluates current things.
operations and projects future courses of
action. The PM bases his plans on Large installations may have a deputy
assumptions consistent with sound judgment provost marshal (DPM). The DPM may aid
and a thorough knowledge of the situation the PM by supervising general MP activities
and mission. and services. The DPM may manage
physical security, crime prevention, and
The PM ensures MP planning is practical investigations for the PM office. Often a DPM
and flexible. The PM ensures that plans are makes work assignments and reviews work
coordinated with staff sections and for compliance with policies, standards, and
subordinate commands. And the PM ensures regulations. The DPM may review and
plans reflect manpower and resources needed improve work methods, organizational
by MP. (This includes needs for command structure, and position assignment to achieve
and control, fire support, equipment, and
supplies. It also includes construction, optimum efficiency. The DPM may manage
communication, transportation, and the civilians assigned to the PM office. The
aviation support.) As new information is DPM can assist subordinate supervisors in
received, the PM reviews, updates, and meeting civilian personnel requirements.
modifies plans. The PM ensures that the The DPM can ensure issues like merit promo-
commanders get the MP support they need. tion, performance appraisals, equal employ-
ment opportunity, career development, and
The PM ensures that MP show mutual labor-management relations are addressed.
respect and maintain a professional, working The DPM often writes job descriptions,
relationship when working with local counsels civilians, and communicates with
8 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
IMPLEMENTING MP OPERATIONS
The primary focus of MP law and order must know where hospitals, fire
operations on a military installation is the departments, and neighboring police
MP station. MP station personnel implement agencies are located. MP are careful not to
the PM’s plans and operations. provide restricted police information or
MP stations are the center of activity for all classified military information to
MP functions, especially law enforcement. A unauthorized persons. But when information
station should be located as near as possible or assistance by the public is requested, MP
to a point that provides effective direction determine exactly what is wanted. Then they
give a clear and concise answer. If MP do not
and centralized control of all MP operational have an answer, every effort is made to
elements. Wherever possible, existing obtain the answer. Or the person is referred to
facilities are used for the MP station. But an appropriate agency to obtain assistance.
consideration is given to the mission,
available transportation route, communica- The PM provides information to information
tions facilities, and proximity to troops or centers. This information is similar to that
facilities. Commanders may establish MP available from the MP station. Information
stations in any area where the incident rate centers may be located in transportation
or offense experience indicates a need for a centers, centers of troop concentrations, main
permanent MP presence. traffic routes, or gates of military
installations.
The MP station operates 24 hours a day, 7
days a week to provide law enforcement The MP station may also operate any
assistance and information whenever number of substations depending on
needed. The general public invariably turns distance, volume of activity, or mission
to the MP for assistance and information. requirements. MP functions center around
When dealing with the public, MP must be patrol operations, traffic control,
able to provide the correct information absentee/deserter return to military control,
needed. And they must be courteous when apprehension/detention of offenders, and
providing assistance and information. MP control and accountability of evidence. (See
posts and patrols often have available maps Appendix A for more information on MP
of the post or city to provide the public. MP stations.)
FM 19-10 9
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
10 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
dispatches reserves in the absence of the duty military and civilian communities served.
officer. The desk sergeant maintains a lost The operations section provides support to all
and found property service, or coordinates installation contingency plans. It plans for
this service with the adjutant section, as the use of resources and provides operational
directed by local regulations. Also in the control of the special reaction team (SRT).
operations section is the radio operator who The operations section maintains control of
operates the communications net control all MP investigations, criminal intelligence
station. Some station operations sections data collection, and physical security
have subelements for administration, operations. The operations section ensures
communications, and records and reports. all traffic operations are coordinated,
planned, and directed in coordination with
The operations section ensures all law the traffic section. Entry and exit of the
enforcement and investigative activities are installation is controlled by the operations
implemented, coordinated, and controlled as section. The operations section dispatches
directed by the PM. This section ensures that patrols, maintains communications with
police liaison and public relations activities patrols, establishes traffic control points, and
are established and maintained with the mans these points, as required.
FM 19-10 11
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
12 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
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THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
14 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
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THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
16 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 2
Extending MP Support
FM 19-10 17
161-016 0-94-2
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
make the request, he notifies the division should be provided, the corps commander will
chief of staff or the G3. He tells him that he direct the corps PM to provide the assets. But
has not been able to get support from the they may decide corps assets cannot be used
corps PM. He asks for commander-to- to support the division’s mission. In that case
commander contact to get the needed support for those missions is delayed until
support. The chief of staff or the G3 informs division or corps MP assets are free to do
the division commander. He, in turn, talks to them.
the corps commander. If they decide support
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THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
FM 19-10 19
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
Decide if the services can be performed specifies to what degree the services are to be
more efficiently by a contractor. performed; that is, how well, to what degree,
The PM should coordinate with the local and how accurately.
CA point of contact prior to contracting any The SOW contains paragraphs which
services. This coordination is to determine if address:
these services are subject to a CA review. Scope of Work. This paragraph is a brief,
Once these decisions are made, the local simple, and concise overview of what
Resource Management Office (RMO) is the contractor services will involve.
contacted to determine if funds are available Objective. This paragraph identifies the
for contract services. If funds are available, a goal to be accomplished by the contracting
recommendation is made to higher service.
headquarters to contract for the required Phase-In. This paragraph states how
services. A program analyst, your DRM many days the contractor has to
POC, signs a DA Form 3953 (Purchase commence the work. This may involve
Request and Commitment) indicating the time for training of employees and for
availability of funds. obtaining the necessary equipment. The
Chain of Command phase-in time begins the day the contract
The chain of command is an essential is awarded.
ingredient for a successful contract. The General. This paragraph is an overview of
chain of command includes— the services that are going to be performed
The contracting officer (KO), who holds by the contractor and under what
the position which governs all government condition (for example, weekly, monthly,
contracts on an installation. The KO is first, second, or third shift).
appointed by the major command. Contract Personnel. This paragraph
The contract officer representative (COR), addresses the specifics for each task the
who is usually the author of the statement contractor is to perform. It is written in the
of work (SOW). The COR represents the SOW as “The contractor shall.”
contracting officer and the interests of the Quality Assurance Plan. This paragraph
United States government. addresses the specifics of the tasks to be
The contractor, who manages the contract, performed by the contractor and
and the contract employees, whom the eventually becomes an appendix of the
contractor has hired. contractual package. The quality
Statement of Work assurance plan should specify that a
written response from the contractor is
The solicitation package becomes the SOW required for all written deficiencies noted.
and part of the contractual package. For a Government-Furnished Items or
PM services contract, the individual most Notification. This paragraph addresses
knowledgeable and most familiar with the those items that the government will
types of services required and with the provide to the contractor for the
mission is the likely candidate to develop the performance of services. The equipment
SOW for the contract. will be listed specifically and separately. It
The SOW consists of tasks, conditions, and will be a technical exhibit during the
standards for the services to be performed. negotiation phase and will eventually
The task statement tells what job is to be become an appendix of the contractual
performed. The conditions statement tells package. The notification addresses
what is required to perform the services and occasions that require government
under what circumstances the services are to notification to the contractor to include
be performed. The standards statement changes in negotiations.
20 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
FM 19-10 21
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
The contractor is the manager of the When services are not performed or are not
contract. The contractor plans, controls, and performed according to the terms of the
allocates available resources. The KO/COR contract, the DOC takes one of the following
administers the contract. Contract actions:
administration covers all actions from award Criminal.
of contract to close of contract. The resolution Civil.
of problems that arise after awarding of a
contract is a major concern in contract Administrative.
administration. The largest single challenge Contractual.
in administering contracts is to ensure that In resolving contractual problems, the
products or services paid for are in fact DOC can issue a “cure notice.” This notice
received.
states that the contractor is not performing in
The COR ensures the requirements are accordance with the contract and that the
carried out in accordance with the situation must be corrected. The DOC can
specifications of the contract. The COR is also issue a “show cause” letter. This letter
responsible for spot checking and inspecting states that the contractor has a certain
the contractor’s performance of work. A amount of time to show cause why the
quality assurance evaluation plan is government should not terminate the
developed and acts as a checklist for the COR contract. The contractor must then prove that
or a technical assistant appointed by the KO. the problem is beyond his control.
When a deficiency is noted, a written notice When contracts are terminated, the
of deficiency is forwarded to the contractor. A defaulting contractor becomes responsible
copy is provided to the KO. The contractor for paying all reprocurement costs. In some
keeps the COR informed in writing of actions cases a contractor can be made to pay a
taken to correct the deficiency. Copies are predetermined amount based on failure to
provided to the KO. provide products or services by a given date.
The COR’s file contains but is not limited
to— USING DOD GUARD/POLICE
A copy of the contract and all changes and FORCE
modifications.
Purchase requests and commitments The responsibilities of a DOD guard force
(PR&Cs), which indicate to RMO that and a DOD police force have similarities and
services are rendered for a fee to be paid at differences. To understand these similarities
a later date. and differences, supervisors and managers
need to compare and contrast the
Copies of obligations of monies, which are responsibilities of each force.
received from RMO.
A duplicate copy of the COR appointment A DOD guard force is established primarily
letter, the original of which is maintained to protect government property from hazards
by the DOC. such as sabotage, espionage, theft, fire, and
accidental or willful damage and destruction.
All correspondence between the KO, COR, As a secondary responsibility, guards
and the contractor. maintain law and order and control the
Names, titles, and positions of individuals movement of persons and materials into,
functioning for the COR as technical and within, and from government property being
administrative assistants. protected.
Phone conversation records between the A DOD police force is established primarily
COR and the contractor. to promote law and order. It protects the life,
Records of inspections performed. property, and civil rights of persons. It
22 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
preserves the peace; prevents, detects, and officers to exercise arrest authority granted
investigates accidents and crimes; by statute. As special officers, guards may
apprehends violators; and provides aid and have the same power as sheriffs and/or
comfort in emergency situations. As a constables on federal property to—
secondary responsibility, DOD police protect
government property. Enforce the laws enacted for the protection
of persons and property.
Guards and police, as well as MP, are Prevent breaches of the peace.
designated as military law enforcement
officials by the Manual for Courts-Martial Suppress affrays and unlawful
(MCM), United States 1984. Each is fully assemblies.
empowered by the Uniform Code of Military Enforce rules and regulations established
Justice (UCMJ) to apprehend military by proper authorities.
members while in the execution of their The jurisdiction and authority of these
official law enforcement duties. Members of special police officers does not extend to the
each category share the same restrictions serving of civil processes. They are restricted
over apprehension of persons not subject to to federal property where the United States
the UCMJ. Differences between DOD has exclusive or concurrent criminal
personnel assigned as civilian police or jurisdiction. Guards are prohibited from
guards lie in the duties performed, not in their receiving extra compensation for exercising
authority. Additionally, members of each this additional arrest authority.
series serve as agents of the installation
commander in the preservation of peace. DOD police in federal jurisdiction enforce
Persons not subject to the code may be a wide variety of federal and state statutes, as
apprehended and detained by personnel in well as agency rules and regulations.
either series and turned over to the Authorized under the rules governing the
appropriate civilian authorities. armed forces, persons serving in the police
series are expected to exercise authority to—
Further, guards, police, and MP have the Apprehend, under warrant, any person
ordinary right of citizens to assist in the
maintenance of peace. This assistance accused of having committed any offense
includes the right to make a citizen’s arrest of against the laws of the United States or
civilian violators on military installations. against any rule or regulation prescribed
under pertinent law.
Since no federal citizen’s arrest statute exists,
care is taken not to exceed the citizen’s arrest Apprehend, without a warrant, any person
authority of the locality. In some states committing any such offense in their
citizens may make arrests for felonies but not presence.
for misdemeanors. In other states a private Apprehend, where applicable, without
citizen may make arrests for any crime warrant, any person in a situation in
committed in his presence. Personnel should which there are reasonable grounds to
become familiar with the provisions of the believe that person has committed a
citizen’s arrest authorization granted by the felony.
law in their locality.
See AR 190-56 for more information on
Administrative restrictions may be Army DOD guard/police forces.
imposed locally requiring DOD guards to
detain violators pending the arrival of USING VOLUNTEERS
specific law enforcement personnel. Law To enhance the operation of a PM activity,
enforcement duties can be expected of guard PMs may seek to use volunteers. Department
force personnel. If so, they may be deputized, of the Army policy on volunteers is that they
commissioned, or appointed as special police will be used to the maximum extent possible
FM 19-10 23
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
within legal restrictions. Federal law (31 demands on the PM’s staff are minimal. For
United States Code [USC] 1342) prohibits the this reason, this is the preferred option. See
United States government from accepting DA Pamphlet 608-28 for details.
most types of voluntary services. But the Another option to consider is a volunteer
Comptroller General of the United States has coordinator to recruit participants and
rendered decision B-204336 which approves administer the volunteer program. The PM’s
the limited use of volunteers in Army crime staff assists in recruiting and training
prevention programs. Before performing any volunteers and in any other way necessary to
services, volunteers must sign a DA Form make the program a success. The volunteers
4712-R (Volunteer Agreement) to agree to and the coordinator develop a strong sense of
perform their duties without pay. Volunteers identity with the PM office, and there is a
are not government employees. They must built-in flexibility and responsiveness that
have their own volunteer chain of command may not exist when working through the
headed by a volunteer coordinator. Army Community Service volunteer
Military and civilian retirees perform program.
efficiently as part of an installation crime An outside service organization can
prevention or crime analysis section. They administer the volunteer program. This option
have the interpersonal skills, work habits, is preferable when a recognized service
and attitudes needed to be effective members organization desires to setup a volunteer crime
of the crime prevention staff. Volunteers may prevention program for both the installation
perform many crime analysis support and the local civilian community. This
functions. They may prepare and distribute program ties together the Army and civilian
literature to support crime prevention programs, but the PM has relatively little
campaigns. They may make presentations on control over this volunteer program.
crime prevention and assist in organizing
and operating neighborhood watch or other Recruiting
crime prevention programs. Volunteers may The PM and installation commander must
not answer telephones, register vehicles, or understand the importance of the volunteer
perform any other functions which paid program. One of the most important issues in
civilian or active duty personnel have creating a volunteer program is to decide
historically performed. Any other duties exactly what needs to be done. There must be
must be approved by Department of the a specific, immediate need for volunteers.
Army. Positions are not created, then individuals
recruited to do the work. Job descriptions
Organizing and administering a volunteer must be developed for each position. Job
program requires an investment in time. descriptions define a task and its subtasks,
Volunteers require work space, equipment, and explain how the task will benefit the
and other support to do their jobs effectively. overall mission. See DA Pamphlet 608-28 for
How the volunteer program is organized will guidance in preparing job descriptions.
determine how much time the PM’s staff However, any format that clearly defines the
must expend on the program. There are at task, skills needed, reporting system, and
least three different organizational models time requirements is acceptable.
which may be employed. Which model is best
will depend on the local situation. The American Association of Retired
Persons has local chapters in most towns.
On many military installations, the Army Their rolls are usually filled with retirees who
Community Service has already established desire to maintain a relationship with the
or can establish a volunteer program. The military community. Retirees almost always
Army Community Service recruits have the character traits and stability
volunteers and administers the program. The required for the crime prevention program.
24 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
Because they are permanent residents of the work tours. This includes scheduling backup
community, they offer a potential source of personnel if the scheduled volunteer does not
continuity to any operation. report for work. The coordinator sets work
There may be other local community standards. And minor breaches of work
service organizations having likely standards are documented by the
volunteers. Examples include the United coordinator. Persons who fail to meet
Way, Red Cross, Noncommissioned Officer’s standards are counseled. Active duty and
Association, and Retired Officer’s paid civilian personnel offer advice on how to
Association. perform tasks correctly. They must intervene
directly when a volunteer causes a safety
Volunteers should be interviewed several violation. But volunteers are disciplined only
times. One interview is usually a group by the coordinator. Volunteers must meet the
meeting. At this time, volunteers are given same basic standards as paid employees.
application blanks to take home and to return They must report for work on time and act
by mail. The program is explained, and it is professionally while on the job. And their
announced whether or not a background after-duty conduct must not reflect adversely
check will be conducted on specific jobs. If a on the installation law enforcement activity.
background check is required, local PM and
civilian police department records, NCIC Volunteers seldom work a full day. It is
files, and USACRC files are checked. The necessary to recruit enough people to assure
group meeting allows the volunteers to be the work load is not too great. But it is also
discreetly assessed and preliminary important not to have too many volunteers.
judgments made as to their suitability. Recruiting is a continuous process. A current
inventory, showing where volunteers are
The most effective interview is one-on-one. needed, and a list of people who have
This interview is the best way to learn expressed interest in becoming volunteers
individual interests, assess talents, and are useful.
develop support of potential volunteers for
the program. Guidelines are developed before All support required is identified and
the interview is conducted to obtain the arranged before the volunteers report for
information wanted from the interviewee. duty. To the maximum extent possible,
Interviewers must know what jobs are volunteers are provided the same working
available and the hours available for conditions as paid staff. As a rule, they
volunteer work. Volunteers are given the are not segregated, but work closely with
chance to select the hours they want to work. full-time staff so that a productive
relationship develops.
One of the best assets for a volunteer
program is to have a motivated coordinator. Because volunteers will not usually work a
A motivated coordinator can greatly 40-hour week, it is often not possible to assign
facilitate recruiting. Coordinators need— each volunteer an individual desk. However,
when volunteers share work space, at least
Some managerial or supervisory skills. part of it (for example, one desk drawer) is
Good communications skills. designated for each person’s use.
Ability to work under minimal
supervision. Conducting Orientation and Training
Dynamic, pleasing personality. Orientation is important. There is a
Ability to identify and solve problems. general orientation to the MP Corps and the
PM office. Volunteers are also taken on a tour
The coordinator is a key figure in of the MP station. They are told how their
maintaining the integrity of the program. particular job fits into the overall scheme and
The coordinator schedules volunteers for provided general information common to all
FM 19-10 25
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
26 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
A luncheon or dinner may be planned to that corrective actions were attempted. If the
honor the volunteer staff at least annually in removal is for one incident of unacceptable
one of the installation clubs. Members of the behavior or a violation of trust, the incident is
installation command group may attend, as fully investigated in order that the
well as key members of the PM/security volunteer’s rights are protected. The
office. situation is thoroughly investigated by the
Volunteers are removed from the program volunteer coordinator and discussed with the
for poor performance. Removal from the crime prevention officer and PM. When the
program is accomplished formally. The decision is made to remove a volunteer from
volunteer coordinator must have the program, the decision is relayed to the
documented proof of such performance, volunteer personally by the PM or a
including counseling statements showing designated representative.
FM 19-10 27
CHAPTER 3
Resourcing MP Operations
28 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
FM 19-10 29
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
Civilian pay is based on compensation Command item manager. OPA funds are also
rates and authorized strength levels. provided as a “tail” to Major Construction,
Contractual elements of resource are based Army (MCA) projects to furnish intrusion
on a schedule of itemized contracts currently detection systems as government-furnished
in effect and updated to reflect deletions of equipment to a contractor. PMs must
contracts not expected to be renewed and understand that OPA funds are identified for
anticipated new contractual requirements. the purchase of specific items and cannot be
Travel and temporary duty (TDY) reflect a reprogrammed. For example, OPA funds for
schedule of trips to include place to be an installation MCA project to upgrade a
visited, length and purpose of visit, mode of fence cannot be used to buy automatic data
transportation, and per diem rate or total processing (ADP) equipment for the MP
estimated cost per individual trip. Supplies station. PMs must evaluate and identify the
are separated into two types: consumable appropriate resource for the requirement
and nonconsumable. Consumable supplies being considered. When in doubt, PMs should
are those items of supply required by section contact their local budget analysts or
chiefs or subactivities. These items, such as MACOM PM office for advice.
stationery and batteries, are priced out and
compared with historical supply records. Funds in support of MP investigations are
Nonconsumable supplies are durable items available through USACIDC confidential
such as equipment. The basis for the funds to the PM. These funds, known as
nonconsumable supply element is the .0015 funds, are used in support of infor-
equipment replacement schedule which is mation gathering, investigative activities,
derived from the expected life of the covert operations, and other related
individual item. Within certain limits activities. All MPI personnel must be
reprogramming may occur between the thoroughly briefed on the conditions and
elements (except for civilian pay). This procedures under which .0015 funds can be
action reallocates resources from, for used for payment or reimbursement.
example, the consumable supply element to
the travel element. The PM obtains .0015 funds by submitting
The PM must stay informed about com- a letter of request to the approving official.
The letter of request explains who
mitments and obligations of the T account. (specifically) will be obtaining and using the
The installation commander may reprogram funds. After the .0015 funds have been
money from the T account to another approved by the approving official, the fund
installation account within certain limits. custodian requests and actually obtains the
These limits differ from MACOM to money. The fund custodian must account for
MACOM. A reprogramming action should be all advanced and expended funds.
a cooperative effort which examines all law
enforcement programs to ensure program MPIs obtain .0015 funds in support of
interests are protected. The budget analyst specific operations. They must then provide
within the Directorate of Resource the fund custodian with an accurate
Management will be able to give local accounting of all expenditures. This
guidelines. accounting is documented on DA Form 5070-R
The PM can obtain other funds, however, (Justification Statement for .0015
through other appropriations. For equipment Contingency Funds). The form is submitted
such as night-vision devices or voice-secure to the fund custodian for his records. MPIs
radios, PMs may address Other Procurement, must be aware that funds are for authorized
Army (OPA) funding requirements to their expenditures only and are subject to
MACOMs. Approved OPA funds are pro- disapproval otherwise. Guidelines are
vided to the MACOMs by the Army Materiel contained in AR 195-4.
30 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
FM 19-10 31
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
PMs may receive a monthly account status fiscal years, serves as the base document for
report from the budget analyst. The account identifying installation resource
status is reported on any locally designed requirements for the budget year. This is
form that will assist the budget analyst in followed by the contract process which
monitoring obligation of funds. The report involves the installation and MACOM
transmits budget information about commanders. Finally, the budget execution
underutilization of funds, indicates the review (BER) occurs midway through the
possibility of reprogramming funds, and current year. PMs should anticipate potential
indicates when funds are low. The monthly requirements and identify their needs early
account status is an important document for in the budget process. PMs should also
the PM because it provides a history that can continuously monitor their programs and
be used for future budget guidance and identify possible alternatives that could serve
decision making. as a means for providing resources for
The relationship between the PM and the unanticipated requirements. In the future
budget analyst is critical. The PM and budget installations will review budget execution
analyst must communicate openly about through the review and analysis process.
budget matters to provide the commander This process will allow commanders
accurate information to make fiscal throughout the chain of command to have
decisions. Failing to keep the commander continuous monitoring of each COB.
informed invites decisions that can have When addressing UFRs, PMs must be
negative implications on existing and thorough in determining if the requirement
planned law enforcement programs. can be accomplished if funds are made
available. The requirement and supporting
Obtaining Funds For Unexpected justification for UFRs must be clear and
Requirements specific. The UFR status lists are prioritized
Important to the success of any instal- and continually updated at the MACOM
lation’s law enforcement effort is the PM’s level. The lists are then forwarded to the
acquisition of dollars for unprogrammed, Office of Army Law Enforcement (OALE)
unfunded requirements. These requirements resource manager.
are referred to as unfinanced requirements The MACOM PM must ensure an open
(UFRs). UFRs may result from an channel of communication with the OALE
unexpected need arising from a change in resource manager. And the MACOM PM
policy, situation, or resource. Or UFRs may should provide a copy of the individual
also result from an earlier reduction in UFRs to the OALE resource manager.
funding. PMs identifying a UFR should During the programming, budgeting, and
immediately contact the budget analyst for execution phase of PPBES, the OALE
advice. PMs should provide the budget resource manager interfaces with MACOM
analyst complete rationale and justification budget analysts. The OALE resource
to support the UFR. A UFR will normally be manager translates PM requirements to
reviewed by the program director and “budgetese.” This provides for a more
appropriate staff elements for authorization, thorough understanding by the MACOM
prioritization, and potential trade-offs. and higher level budget analysts who “edit”
the UFRs and other documents.
A UFR may be submitted for consideration
anytime during the fiscal year. However, the Most important, the OALE resource
most appropriate times are during three manager will speak for the MACOMPM when
formal budget processes. First, the command opportunities arise allowing DA to provide
operating budget (COB), developed midway extra funds to MACOMs. The suspense
through the current year for the following two requirement to obtain the extra funds is
32 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
normally very short—sometimes a matter of of other activity MACOM UFRs. The OALE
hours. The short response time prohibits resource manager must be prepared at the
coordination between the OALE resource time the opportunities arise for extra funds.
manager and the MACOM PM. The OALE Keeping the OALE resource manager
resource manager must be armed with the informed with dependable rationale and
justification to present and defend the justification for UFRs is paramount in the
MACOM PM's UFRs against the competition successful awarding of extra dollars.
FM 19-10 33
161-016 O-94-3
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
34 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 4
Managing Military Police Information
FM 19-10 35
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
sources of information, and collection by cording command and staff actions assoc-
individuals. iated with stability operations. FM 100-20
discusses these operations and the MP
In certain situations, such as countering support to such operations, including police
terrorism, police information may go beyond intelligence.
the field of law and order and extend into
tactical and other types of intelligence. And Disciplinary control boards rely heavily on
the information can include recording police information. In overseas areas, data
command and staff activities associated with generated by well-directed police information
planning, organizing, and executing MP area efforts can contribute greatly to political
combat operation support. MP contribute to planning relevant to relations between
the intelligence required by the area United States forces and the local population
commander with particular respect to the or government. In CONUS, data generated
threat situation. (See FM 90-14.) by police information-gathering operations
can often be more valuable than pure military
In operations against insurgent elements intelligence in planning local public
the police information system includes re- relations.
36 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
information. This affords an opportunity for Formally or informally many types of logic
information to be viewed on its own merit. can be applied, as well as new methods of
After analyzing information for its own statistical analysis, operations research,
worth, it is then included with other data and systems analysis, and computer analysis.
integrated with related information. This The timely distribution of available data is
allows an examination of all available of vital importance to MP operations.
information and presents the greatest Criminal intelligence is useless unless placed
possibility of deriving criminal intelligence. where it can be used. Distribution is made at
Analysis is conducted at all levels of MP the most advantageous time, by the most
information activities. The best basis on rapid means available, considering the
which to conduct analysis is experience. classification of the material.
FM 19-10 37
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
Records may also be released to a treatment classified or libelous. The PM and MP unit
facility to which a juvenile has been com- commanders must be familiar with
mitted by the court if the director submits an ARs 360-5 and 360-61.
inquiry in writing. And sometimes records The PM, in coordination with the PAO,
may be released to an agency considering uses all available public information media,
the subject for a position involving law
enforcement work or affecting national such as television, radio, newspapers, and
security. posters to—
Introduce MP and their mission so there
Records should give detailed listings of will be understanding and cooperation
regulations the juveniles have violated. And between MP and the military and civilian
they should include the disposition made by communities.
civilian authorities. But permanent records
of nonessential minor incidents or situations Explain enforcement plans, policies,
resolved in conference with parents or the programs, and changes so members of the
juvenile are not made. If the juvenile is military community know the law
found innocent, the records are destroyed, enforcement programs and govern
sealed by the court, or otherwise disposed of themselves accordingly.
in accordance with local directives. Juvenile Explain pertinent provisions of
records transmitted outside the MP station agreements entered into with local civil
or PM office will be assigned protective police.
markings as specified in AR 340-17.
Explain the role that all members of the
MP may, at times, come in contact with military community must play to prevent
the news media. Establishing a cooperative crimes and offenses, and actions they are
relationship with the news media can to take to assist MP if they become
eliminate misunderstanding between the victims of crimes and offenses.
military community and the news media.
Publicize outstanding accomplishments
MP do not release information to the news of MP and other members of the military
media. If asked to give information, MP community in preventing crimes and
decline. The requestor is referred to where offenses.
the information may be obtained. A
definitive policy as to what news is to be The sources of departmental information
made available, through what channels, available to the press are strictly controlled,
and under what circumstances it is to be standardized, and reduced to a minimum.
released is established by the PM in When stories are misinterpreted, the
coordination with the public affairs officer responsible reporter is contacted and the
(PAO) of the installation. proper interpretation given. MP must be
careful not to exaggerate occasional petty
The PAO, like the PM, also is a staff criticisms that are printed in the papers, as
officer of the commander. The PAO keeps long as general press relations impact
the community informed about unit positively on the military community. In
operations or developments that ma y impact this respect, MP must remember that the
on the military community. The PAO also press is usually a good barometer of
keeps the commander advised of community community opinion and wields a great
opinion and the probable community influence upon it. Good press relations can
reaction to impending operations and mean that favorable stories will be given
developments. front page coverage and unfavorable stories
The PAO may release to the press will be presented in a less damaging light,
information concerning the post that is not consistent with the facts.
38 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
FM 19-10 39
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
on the status of the prisoner population. performed on the information in the data
Reports make it possible for prisoner gains base. For assistance on how to use the CRS,
and losses to be tracked. Reports also make it see the Correctional Reporting System Users
possible for statistical analysis to be Manual.
40 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
FM 19-10 41
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
42 FM 19-10
THE MP LAW AND ORDER MISSION
FM 19-10 43
PART TWO
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
Military police law enforcement operations are used on and off the battlefield to help
help the commander keep his command ensure critical personnel, equipment, and
combat ready and combat efficient. The supplies arrive where they are needed.
enforcement of military laws, orders, and Sometimes the purposes for using the
regulations is a function of command. measures differ. In a peacetime
Commanders, by enforcing laws and environment, MP use physical security
regulations, ensure order and discipline. measures to reduce the opportunity for
Each commander is responsible for crime. In a theater of operations, the
maintaining order and discipline in his unit. measures are used to protect critical facilities
Leaders are the key to order and discipline. and supplies from the enemy. Yet the
From on-the-spot corrections to referrals for measures still suppress the opportunity for
crime. (Battlefield uses for traffic control and
action under the Manual for Courts-Martial, physical security measures are discussed in
leaders execute their responsibilities through FM 19-4 under Battlefield Circulation
the chain of command. To assist the chain of Control and Area Security.)
command, MP are empowered by division,
corps, and echelons-above-corps command- It is, however, recognized that most MP
ers to exercise control over soldiers who efforts that directly enforce laws and support
violate military laws, orders, and regula- order are undertaken mainly in a peacetime
tions. MP at all levels support the com- environment. These efforts include both
mander in his responsibility for command proactive and reactive measures. MP
and control by ensuring that his directives undertake and support preventive programs
are complied with. to remove conditions promoting crime and to
reduce opportunities allowing crime. MP
Sometimes it is not in the commander’s enforcement efforts encourage voluntary
best interest to employ MP assets compliance by all personnel with laws,
specifically on law enforcement operations. orders, regulations, and directives of the
Yet even then MP efforts continue to reduce commander.
the opportunity for crime. All MP missions
contribute to the preservation of law and Military law enforcement is best served by
order. Law enforcement is an implied factor achieving the greatest compliance with rules
in all MP operations. In the course of any with the least amount of punitive action. MP
operation MP perform, MP operate in a accomplish much at potential trouble spots
manner and with intent to encourage by encouraging law-abiding persons to
support and to enforce the commander’s cooperate actively in helping fellow soldiers
discipline and military law. act properly. Friends and buddies are
encouraged to remove troublemakers from
Even in a theater of operations when the the scene. And proprietors are encouraged to
intensity of battle dictates the need to call MP when there may be disorders. But
concentrate MP efforts on combat support when necessary, MP undertake active
operations, the opportunity for crime is enforcement measures. MP take immediate
nonetheless reduced as a result of MP action to halt crimes in progress, to
missions. MP battlefield combat support apprehend perpetrators, and to aid victims.
operations and peacetime law enforcement MP undertake enforcement measures that
operations use many of the same measures. range from conducting raids and seizing
Sometimes the purpose for using the illegal drugs to patrolling roadways and
measures is the same. TCPs and checkpoints regulating traffic.
44 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 5
Having Authority and Jurisdiction
M ilitary police carry out their law CONTENTS
enforcement operations with strict regard for Page
the needs of the Army and the safety of the EXERCISING AUTHORITY AND
military community. At the same time, MP JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
maintain a strict regard for the rights of the Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
individuals making up that military com- Authority Over Persons Subject
munity. Just as MP undertake their law to UCMJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
enforcement operations in the military com- Authority Over Persons not Subject
to UCMJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
munity to protect and preserve the life of the Posse Comitatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
community, they also protect and preserve Jurisdiction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
the legal rights of members of the military Military Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
community. In so doing, MP carry out the Civil Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 49
Army policy of equality before the law. PROTECTING LEGAL RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Rights Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
EXERCISING AUTHORITY Temporary Detention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
AND JURISDICTION
All military personnel performing police military commander which must be based
work operate within their jurisdiction and upon federal law.
authority. Jurisdiction and authority are not
the same. MP may have the authority to The authority of MP in a friendly foreign
apprehend a suspect, but the military nation or territory may be, and in most cases
may not have jurisdiction to try the suspect. is, different from MP authority in the US.
Authority is the lawful right of designated This difference arises from the law of the
persons or agencies to exercise governmental country concerned (except as otherwise
power or control. Military jurisdiction is the provided by agreement) being applicable to
extent of and limitation on the right of an all persons, including MP in that country.
armed force to exercise authority and control Consequently, in the absence of an
over persons and offenses. international agreement to the contrary, US
troops in a friendly foreign nation are subject
AUTHORITY to the UCMJ and the laws of the nation in
which stationed.
The authority of MP to enforce military
law, orders, and regulations, by appre- An agreement to resolve jurisdictional
hension if necessary, is derived primarily conflicts is the status of forces agreement.
from the President of the United States as Basically, the SOFA authorizes one
Commander in Chief of the armed forces. MP government to take action in cases where
must familiarize themselves with the both governments could take action. A
contents of the articles of the UCMJ if they formula decides which government will act in
are to perform their duties effectively. a particular case. The North Atlantic Treaty
National Guard and Army Reserve MP Organization (NATO) SOFA was the first
usually exercise no authority overactive duty significant agreement negotiated and has
military unless they are themselves subject to become the model for most later agreements.
the UCMJ. In a domestic territory under For example, during joint NATO operations
martial rule, the authority of the MP over US Army MP can be tasked to be a part of a
persons other than those subject to the UCMJ NATO combined MP detachment (see NATO
is derived from policies and orders of the Standardization Agreement [STANAG] 2085).
FM 19-10 45
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
46 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
offenses and traffic violations. A minor Thus, it does not prohibit the use of Army
offense is defined as one in which punish- bomb disposal experts in deactivating and
ment would not exceed imprisonment for one destroying explosives found in civilian
year, a fine of not more than $1,000, or both. communities. Nor does it prohibit Army
DD Form 1805 (United States District Court medical personnel from rendering medical
Violation Notice) will be used to refer minor care to persons injured in a natural disaster.
offenses to the US Magistrate Court. Further, this law does not prohibit an
individual member of the Army from
If a case is referred to magistrate court, the making a citizen’s arrest for a felony or
individual is given the option of either paying breach of the peace committed in his
a fine or appearing before the court to contest presence. The act does not prohibit
the charges. For only the most serious development and maintenance of effective
offenses is a court appearance mandatory. working relationships between MP and their
The court frequently sits on the military civilian counterparts nor the loan to civilian
installation. An advantage to such a system authorities of certain types of equipment.
is the prompt and expeditious disposition of
minor offenses without resort to a federal But the law does prohibit concerted use,
district court. under orders, of units or individuals of the
Army to execute the law. The Posse
Posse Comitatus Comitatus Act does not prohibit investiga-
tion of offenses committed by civilians if
MP authority does not extend to civilians there is an Army interest. The SJA should be
outside areas under military jurisdiction or consulted on a case-by-case basis to
control. The military cannot be used to help determine whether or not there is an Army
execute civilian law. The Posse Comitatus interest and the measures to be taken during
Act provides that whoever, except in cases the investigation.
and under circumstances expressly
authorized by the Constitution or by act of The Posse Comitatus Act does not apply
Congress, willfully uses any part of the Army when a state activates its National Guard in
to execute civil law shall be fined not more accordance with state law. Such a force can
than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than be used to enforce the laws of the state.
two years or both. This act applies to However, if the National Guard is called into
enforcement of federal, state, county, or local federal service, the Posse Comitatus Act
law. And a related statute makes it an offense applies.
to have military personnel at a place where
elections are being held, except when such JURISDICTION
force is necessary to repel armed enemies of
the US (18 USC 592 and 593). Jurisdiction limits the exercise of
authority. The jurisdiction of every offense
Military forces acting in civil disturbances or incident depends upon the status of the
under the provisions of 10 USC 331-333 are suspect, international agreements and
not in violation of the Posse Comitatus Act. treaties, the “service connection” of the
Nor does this prohibition extend to offense, and other factors. The SJA is
employing federal military forces to protect always consulted where questions exist
federal functions and property or to acting in about jurisdiction.
an emergency. Acts having a primary
military purpose and only incidentally The term “exclusive jurisdiction” refers to
enforcing civilian law are not prohibited. the power granted to Congress by the United
States Constitution to exercise legislative
Note that the Posse Comitatus Act does authority. It also applies to similar power
not prohibit military assistance to protect acquired by the US through cession by a
public safety as opposed to law enforcement. state, or by a reservation made by the US
FM 19-10 47
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
upon the admission of the state into the an area in a state but has not obtained
Union. In the exercise of exclusive jurisdiction. Where the federal government
jurisdiction, the federal government has no legislative jurisdiction over its land,
assumes sole jurisdiction over the it holds such land in a proprietorial interest
designated area. For example, many only and has the same rights as any other
military installations have exclusive federal landowner. In addition, there exists a right
jurisdiction. The federal government then of the federal government to perform the
exercises its executive, legislative, and functions delegated to it by the Constitution
judicial authority over that area and the without interference from any source. It may
personnel within it. To avoid the difficult resist—by exercising its legislative or
task of enacting and maintaining a code of executive authority, or through court
criminal laws appropriate for all areas under proceedings—any attempted interference by
its legislative jurisdiction, Congress passed a state instrumentality of its exercise of
18 USC 13, commonly referred to as the constitutional responsibilities. Congress
Assimilative Crimes Act. In this statute, also has authority to enact laws for the
Congress provided that all acts or omissions protection of US property. Subject to these
occurring in an area under federal conditions, when the US acquires only a
jurisdiction, which would constitute crimes if proprietorial interest, the state retains all the
the area were under the state jurisdiction, jurisdiction over the area it would have if a
will constitute similar crimes, similarly private individual rather than the US owned
punishable, under federal law. This act does the land. The Assimilative Crimes Act does
not assimilate crimes based on state statutes not apply to areas of federal proprietorial
that are contrary to federal policy and law, jurisdiction. In such areas, MP exercise
such as civil rights legislation, nor does it authority in compliance with the
assimilate state law if there is an existing instructions of the appropriate commander.
federal statute or law on the subject.
Concurrent jurisdiction exists when the Military Jurisdiction
US is granted authority that would Military jurisdiction is exercised through
otherwise amount to exclusive legislative the application of military law, the law of
jurisdiction over an area, but the state in war, military government, martial law, and
which the area is located retains the right to military orders and regulations –
simultaneously exercise its authority along
with that of the federal government. It is an Military law regulates the entire military
area of dual jurisdiction. Under concurrent establishment of the US.
jurisdiction, state criminal laws are Law of war is that segment of treaty and
applicable in the area and can be enforced by customary international law applicable to
the state. The same laws can be enforced by warfare.
the federal government under the Military government is the administra-
Assimilative Crimes Act, which is applicable tion by which an occupying power
to areas under concurrent as well as exercises executive, legislative, and
exclusive jurisdiction of the US. Federal judicial authority over occupied territory.
criminal laws also apply. Many crimes fall Martial law or martial rule is the
under both federal and state sanction, and temporary exercise of control over
either the federal or state government, or domestic territory by a military
both, may take jurisdiction over a given commander as authorized by the
offense. President.
Proprietorial interest applies to instances Military orders and regulations are used
in which the federal government has in a military organization for its internal
acquired some right or title of ownership to direction.
48 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
FM 19-10 49
161-016 O-94-4
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
50 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
If the accused or suspect first agrees to Witnesses to the lineup are not allowed to
answer questions and then says that he does make an identification in the presence of
not want to talk or say anything more, the one another.
questioning stops. If the accused or suspect The suspect or his counsel is allowed to
answers some questions, then stops and determine the suspect’s position in the
requests a lawyer, the questioner must stop lineup. The suspect is allowed to change
asking questions until a lawyer has been his position after each viewing.
provided or the accused or suspect initiates
further questioning. When individuals in the lineup are
required to try on clothing or to perform
When a lineup will be used, the suspect other acts, all individuals perform these
must be warned of his lineup rights and his acts, not just the suspect.
right to counsel. If a suspect is under any The suspect’s counsel may request certain
form of pretrial restraint, or if charges have changes in the lineup procedures;
been preferred against him, then before however, he has no right to dictate how
placing him in a lineup at the MP station, police will conduct the lineup. See FM 19-20
the MP must warn the suspect of his right to for more information on lineups.
counsel.
The warning must be given by using the
“Although you do not have a right to warning shown on the back of DA Form 3881
refuse to appear in a lineup, you have (Rights Warning Procedure/Waiver
the right to have a lawyer present when Certificate). A service member’s rights under
the witnesses to the crime view the the self-incrimination clause and Article 31
lineup. If you wish, a military lawyer will ensure that he cannot be forced to answer
be appointed for you to represent you any incriminating questions or to make any
free of charge.” incriminating physical acts equivalent to
speech (for example, soldiers cannot be
ordered to point out the clothes that were
To ensure the pretrial lineup is not worn at the time of a rape offense). The
suggestive, the following steps are taken: taking of such evidence is considered to be
There are at least four fillers in the lineup. requesting a statement within the meaning
of Article 31.
MP are not to be used as fillers in lineups.
Additionally, fillers in a lineup are not Correct use of DA Form 3881 requires the
informed of who the suspect is otherwise narrative warning on the reverse of the form
nonverbal communication by them may be read verbatim to the suspect. (See FM 19-20
be communicated to the witness. Fillers in for a detailed discussion for issuing rights
the lineup resemble the suspect. When the warnings.) Warning the individual of his
characteristics of the suspect cannot be rights means more than just reading the
matched, it may be better to use some sort warning found on the back of DA Form 3881.
of photographic identification. To waive his rights, the suspect must show
some understanding which ordinarily will
The person conducting the lineup is not to require, after each warning, an answer on
be involved with the specific the suspect’s part that proves his
investigation. The person is not to make understanding. The individual must state,
any suggestions because they may first, that he is willing to make a statement,
adversely affect the integrity of the lineup. and second, that he does not wish to have an
Witnesses must be separated before and attorney present nor to consult with an
after any identification of the suspect. attorney before questioning can continue.
One witness may have an unfavorable The suspect is then asked to execute the
influence on another. waiver portion of the form documenting his
FM 19-10 51
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
desires concerning questioning. If the form (waiver block) and the investigator
suspect agrees to answer questions but signs the form where indicated. The suspect
refuses to sign the waiver portion of is asked to initial the investigator’s state-
DA Form 3881, the heading blocks of the ment, but initials are not essential. Guidance
form and the rights portion are completed as for preparing DA Form 3881 can be found in
usual. The investigator then prepares a FM 19-20. When a suspect consents to
statement for the waiver block of the form. questioning, the statement is recorded on
The statement must state that the suspect DA Form 2823 (Sworn Statement). When
understands his rights, does not want a questioning is completed, a DA Form 3975 is
lawyer, wants to discuss the offense under filled out and the required entries made on
investigation, but refuses to sign the waiver DA Form 3997 and DA Form 3998 (Military
certificate. The statement is added to the Police Desk Reference).
52 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
The individual requesting a statement or The youth must be kept entirely away from
conducting the interrogation will probably operational activities of the MP station. The
do so in the English language. If there area where juveniles are detained must be
appears to be a language barrier, the comfortable, private, and out of public view.
interrogator must ensure that the individual Unless there is another suitable area, the
is aware of his rights in his native language, PM’s office may have to be used. Since
The understanding of the rights also comes juveniles are not subject to the UCMJ, the
into play when an individual is grossly detainment of juveniles in correctional
intoxicated. Such an individual cannot custody, detention cells, or hospital prisoner
make a voluntary waiver. wards is forbidden. A detention cell may be
used for juveniles when there is a threat to
TEMPORARY DETENTION the community, the juveniles, or MP
involved and authority has been obtained
Detention is temporary. It is not used for from the installation commander through
purposes of confinement. Persons are legal channels. (See Chapters 6 and 10 for
detained only when military necessity, the more information on juveniles.)
safety of the individual, or the safety of Facilities for temporary detention of
others makes it necessary. adults apprehended by MP are located
Juveniles are detained only if all or some within the MP station. These facilities are
of the following conditions are met: close enough to the desk for continuous
The detainment is authorized by the observation. They are sufficiently removed
installation commander. so normal operations will not be hindered.
These facilities must not be open to casual
The juvenile is suspected of a serious view by visitors. If the cell location does not
criminal offense requiring the exercise of permit desk personnel to maintain
jurisdiction by civilian law enforcement observation when occupied, a guard or an
authorities. MP must be posted. Closed circuit television
The parents or other suitable relatives are can be used as an alternative method of
not available to take custody of the observation. In detaining females, female
offender at the time of apprehension. MP must be present for security and
The detainment is for the purpose of observation purposes. Male and female
detainees are not placed in the same cell.
transferring custody of the juvenile, at the
earliest possible time, either to the child’s Detention of suspects requires a blotter
parent or to the appropriate state or entry that shows who ordered the detention,
federal agency having jurisdiction. the reason, the time detention began, and the
time of release. Detainees are furnished
If a juvenile must be detained until the normal amounts of food and water. Bedding
appropriate juvenile authorities are is provided if detained more than 12 hours.
contacted, the MP will then notify the Normally, detention does not exceed 24
military sponsor’s unit commander. In cases hours. However, the installation commander
where the juvenile has no military sponsor, may extend the period to 72 hours. Use of
the MP will follow the directions given by showers and latrine facilities for women is
the juvenile authority. Because of special determined by individual PMs per AR 190-38
protections accorded juveniles under many and available facilities.
state statutes, MP may not obtain If the decision is made by the PM or
fingerprints or photographs of a juvenile responsible MP supervisor to place a
without written consent of the juvenile suspect in detention, a thorough search
judge. Nor may names or pictures of the must be made. Personnel performing the
juvenile be released to the public. search and those acting as witnesses must
FM 19-10 53
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
54 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 6
Undertaking Preventive Programs
FM 19-10 55
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
It becomes the principal guide for high visibility of uniformed patrols usually
determining the personnel, equipment, and results in a decrease in crime rates.
direction of the crime prevention program.
Military peculiar offenses, such as disrespect Evaluation is made as a result of analysis
and disobedience to orders, are command and review developed through statistical
concerns and must be prevented by the unit data on the effectiveness of the command
commander. Installation crime prevention program. Based upon the analysis and any
efforts focus on preventing the more violent change of priorities by the commander, the
crimes, such as murder, rape, and assault, by initial program is altered to become more
active enforcement and patrolling activities. effective. The cycle then begins again.
In a mature theater of operations crime The PM, as the chief law enforcement
prevention program, the major effort of the official of the command, has primary staff
PM is toward detecting organized criminal responsibility for crime prevention. His
behavior that threatens the command as a efforts are supported by staff members,
whole. These areas include organized vice subordinate commanders. members of
activities, wholesale pilferage of arriving governmental and law enforcement agencies
supplies, black-market operations, currency within the civilian community, and other
manipulation, organized deserter bands, and agencies. The installation crime prevention
narcotics activities. Such areas are a council meets to review findings of physical
command-wide concern and require security and crime prevention inspections
command-wide participation in their sup- and corrective actions taken. They also
pression and prevention. review the financial impact of installation
crime and preventive measures. They
The crime prevention plan is placed into address crime trends and conditions
action; orders, plans, and operational conducive to crime. And they discuss the
procedures are published. Education effectiveness of existing crime prevention
programs are implemented to alert members programs. The council looks for ways to
of the command to any criminal threat that increase the usefulness of the program. The
exists. Organized task forces may be council is chaired by a member of the
employed to aggressively move against installation command element. The PM or
those criminal threats considered by the security officer serves as the coordinator.
commander to be the most threatening to The council includes delegates from the in-
good order and discipline within the stallation staff, major unit commanders, and
command. delegates from tenant or attached units.
Most often when crime does occur, the A crime prevention officer, appointed in
Crime Prevention Branch, augmented by writing by the installation commander,
MP investigators, conducts a crime analysis manages the installation crime prevention
to identify problem areas. The areas are then program (AR 190-31). MP with extensive
targeted by crime prevention and MPI experience in physical security or MP
personnel in a manner which makes investigators are normally assigned as
apprehension highly possible. This permits crime prevention specialists. Unit crime
the uniformed patrol to remain in their prevention officers (E6 or above) are
patrol area, deterring crime through designated in writing at all levels of
maximum visibility. command. Unit crime prevention officers—
The system may require additional Conduct announced or unannounced
personnel to be assigned to the Crime crime prevention inspections of unit
Prevention and/or MP Investigation areas.
sections based on an increased role in Ensure electro-stylus etching markers are
targeting high crime areas. However, the available to the military community for
56 FM 19-10
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FM 19-10 57
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
Physical security inspectors are selected with recommended actions to the com-
by the PM, security officer, or installation mander. Upon receipt of the commander’s
commander. Inspectors must hold military decision, a written report is provided to the
occupational specialty (MOS) 95B and meet responsible office for action and reply. If
the qualifications listed in AR 190-13. extensive time is needed for the corrective
Civilian inspectors must meet Office of action, target dates for completion are
Personnel Management qualification established and reported in the reply.
standards. (These standards can be found in
the local civilian personnel office.) Qualified Follow-up inspections should be made of
physical security inspectors are issued the facility, activity, or area inspected after
DA Form 4261 and DA Form 4261-1 (Physical a lapse of not more than three months. This
Security Inspector Identification Card). will show if recommendations have been
carried out. It will also show if major
Before conducting inspections the inspec- changes in mission or personnel may make
tors must know the function or mission of further study and evaluation necessary.
the area, facility, or activity being inspected. Specific guidance in establishing and
They must be familiar with the regulations maintaining a practical, economical, and
and directives required for the operation of effective physical security program is
the activity. They should know of offenses or contained in AR 190-13. For activities that
incidents that have occurred in the past. may require surveys and inspections, see
They review prior surveys or inspections FM 19-30, AR 195-2, and AR 190-13.
conducted and who conducted them. They
also note deficiencies found and if any CONTROLLING VICE ACTIVITIES
personnel changes have occurred. An effective vice control program helps
Inspectors check to see if adequate ensure a command’s strength, readiness,
security safeguards are provided. They note and well-being. Vice activities have adverse
practices or conditions that contribute to the effects on the health, welfare, and morale of
commission of crimes. They look for changes a command. Prostitution, gambling, nar-
or additions required. That is, they see what cotics, and other types of vice can lower the
personnel, regulations or directives, pro- command’s readiness or contribute to
cedures, or equipment is needed to satisfy criminal incidents. MP suppression of vice
security requirements. And they note the helps the commander maintain discipline
actions needed by the commander, PM, or and order.
other staff officers to provide required On post, the control of vice is a PM
security. responsibility. Off post, the control of such
After inspecting, the inspector makes a activities rests in the hands of the civil
thorough analysis of findings. He or she authorities. But MP may assist in the
weighs deficient measures, factors, or prevention of offenses outside a military
conditions against existing standards and installation by enforcing off-limits
requirements. The inspector balances regulations. And they can warn military
manpower and financial costs of personnel to avoid known trouble spots and
recommended measures against the areas.
protection provided. Then the inspector The provisions of the Posse Comitatus Act
briefs the PM on the findings using maps, prohibit participation by MP in raids,
plots, sketches. He recommends corrective searches, and seizures of establishments off
action. If necessary he makes on-site visits post conducted by civil police. However, in
with the PM to clarify the recommendations. overseas areas where this act does not apply
Following the inspector’s final briefing, MP may participate in such action if
the PM reports the findings of the survey requested by civilian authorities and when a
58 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
military member is involved. Since SOFAS commander may also take necessary
and international law will apply, the local countermeasures, such as temporarily
SJA office is contacted before participating declaring the affected area or establish-
in any such activity. ments off-limits to soldiers.
The May Act, 18 USC 1384, was initially
Prostitution and Gambling enacted by Congress in 1941 as an
AR 190-24 and AR 210-10 provide that emergency measure to prohibit prostitution
prostitution will be suppressed by all within such reasonable distances of military
commanders in areas under Army control and/or naval establishments as the
and among persons subject to Army Secretaries of the Army and Navy should
jurisdiction. The regulations specify that determine to be needed for the efficiency,
places of prostitution will be placed off-limits health, and welfare of the Army and Navy.
The act makes it unlawful within such
to military personnel. Commanders are “reasonable distance” to engage in
enjoined to cooperate with agencies engaged prostitution, to aid or abet prostitution, or to
in activities designed to suppress procure or solicit for the purpose of
prostitution affecting military personnel. prostitution. Persons or organizations not
subject to the articles of the UCMJ who are
The suppression of prostitution is an guilty of violating the May Act will be
established policy of the Department of the deemed guilty of a misdemeanor punishable
Army in its program for the welfare of by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by
personnel, the development and guidance of imprisonment for not more than one year,
character, and the control of venereal or both.
disease. The policy applies to all overseas
commands as well as those commands Department of the Army policy stresses
within the continental United States. It is control of gambling rather than suppression.
the responsibility of all commanders to But Army regulations prohibit gambling in
secure compliance with this policy. All service clubs (AR 215-1) and gambling by
practices that can in any way be interpreted disbursing officers (AR 37-103). Excessive
as fostering or condoning prostitution will be losses because of gambling may lead to
prohibited. Violations will be handled commission of other crimes and offenses,
through appropriate disciplinary actions. such as robbery, burglary, and embezzle
Identified houses of prostitution will be ment. The PM is familiar with the gambling
declared off-limits to all US military situation within his jurisdiction and
personnel. Action taken in this connection adjacent areas. The PM studies its impact on
will be coordinated with proper authorities of offense rates and the conduct of personnel
the other services. In the United States, the who are off duty. When appropriate, the PM
civil authorities have complete control over recommends to the commander that
the suppression of prostitution off the consideration for off-limits action be
military installation. The policy of presented to the Armed Forces Disciplinary
suppression is accomplished through Control Board. Information on dishonest
cooperation with civilian law enforcement gambling practices is made available to civil
agencies and health organizations. Full agencies concerned with controlling
cooperation will be given civilian and other gambling.
government agencies engaged in the
suppression of prostitution and the Preventive action against gambling is
elimination of sources of venereal infection. implemented through appropriate command
Where local authorities fail to cooperate, the channels. Publicity relating to gambling is
commander may appeal to higher authority used to inform all personnel of the inherent
to negotiate improvement of conditions. The dangers of gambling.
FM 19-10 59
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
60 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
Countermeasures will be proportionate to SJA, the information officer, and the unit
the resources available for the mission and commander will have an active part in these
to the nature of the specific problem. Some programs as well.
effective countermeasures include— The unit commander will ensure military
Checkpoints at installation entrances to personnel are referred to the installation
check vehicle registrations/driver’s alcohol and drug program for evaluation
licenses and to determine if the driver is or when convicted of, or subject to, official
has been drinking. administrative action for any offense
Traffic patrols dedicated solely to involving driving while under the influence
detecting and apprehending drinking of alcohol or drugs. The person’s past history
drivers. of such offenses will determine if referral to a
Concentrated public education programs. mandatory drug-alcohol education or
rehabilitation program is required. Driving
The PM is concerned with all aspects of privileges will be revoked in accordance with
these programs, but other staff agencies AR 190-5 for all drunk driving convictions as
such as installation medical authorities, the well as for those individuals who refuse to
alcohol and drug counselor, the chaplain, the submit to chemical intoxication tests.
FM 19-10 61
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
62 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
parents are uncooperative, domineering, or if nation. This calls for great discretion and
their presence has an adverse effect upon the tact. Delinquent behavior off the installa-
juvenile. While commanders have every tion may affect relations with the host
right to monitor the situation and to receive nation. In incidents occurring on the
reports of diagnostic interviews, they are not installation, MP become involved in the
allowed to actively participate in counseling investigation on referral of the incident to
sessions. the proper social service activity for
disposition. Minor incidents may be
During the interview the juvenile officer disposed of without formal action. The
attempts to find out if the juvenile has a parents are counseled and the youth
previous history of delinquency and reprimanded, with a warning as to the
behavior problems and, if the youth was a consequences of future delinquency. More
runaway, where he or she went and what serious incidents involving juvenile
happened. The juvenile officer attempts to dependents which are detrimental to the
find out the youngster’s feelings about the command may result in administrative
family and behavior at home as well as the action being taken.
parents’ feelings about the youth and their
perception of the current problem. The Police and School Liaisons
juvenile officer also attempts to find out
what actions, if any, the parents and the Police and school liaison programs include
juvenile are taking to solve the behavior MP visiting installation schools to create
problems. Guidance on investigating ongoing communication between the PM,
juvenile delinquency and conducting the MP, the school faculty, and the student
juvenile interviews and interrogations is body.
found in FM 19-20. The PM can establish good relations with
local school officials by—
Based on the interview, the juvenile officer Becoming acquainted with school officials
may counsel the juvenile and the family if a on both a formal and informal basis.
satisfactory solution appears to have been
agreed upon. The youth may be referred to Reviewing the school delinquency preven-
the school guidance counselor, a chaplain, or tion program and tactfully recommending
other social service personnel if the youth improvements and offering other
and family express a desire to seek assistance.
professional help for their family problems. Working with the school guidance
Or the youth may be referred to the mental counselor or other school staff to
hygiene clinic, an Army social worker, or determine disciplinary problems and
other appropriate agency if it appears that other relevant data.
deeply rooted problems are impairing the Offering to speak and show films to the
youth’s normal functioning in the family or students on bicycle safety, drug and
community. The juvenile officer may alcohol information, and other programs
recommend to the PM that administrative that will aid in creating a feeling of trust
action be taken against the youth. Normally, and friendship.
this is reserved for repeat offenders. Or the Making MP assets available for school
juvenile officer may recommend that the functions or affairs, such as open house
juvenile be referred to the appropriate civil displays, career days, athletic programs,
juvenile court system. and tours of military facilities.
MP overseas often must contend with both
juvenile dependents of United States mili- Meetings between parents and the MP and
tary and civilian personnel and non- school staff can do much to educate the
dependent juvenile citizens of the host parents to the causes of delinquency. The
FM 19-10 63
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
64 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
of accidents that occur most frequently, the of military and civilian vehicles. These plans
time of day when accidents are most are coordinated with headquarters, staff
frequent, the place where accidents are most offices, and civil authorities before
likely to occur, and driving offenses and implementation. Plans will include accident
other factors that tend to cause accidents. investigation and prevention and the
ADP equipment used for storage, retrieval, conduct of traffic control studies and
interpretation, and validation of traffic surveys. When developing plans, movement
control information has greatly improved of military convoys, emergency medical
the usability of traffic data. These data, once vehicles, and fire trucks will take precedence
collected and analyzed, can be used to over all other vehicular traffic.
prevent traffic accidents. The PM can use
these studies to determine present and future MP are responsible for implementing the
needs concerning traffic control and installation traffic control plan. These
associated traffic programs. responsibilities include—
Enforcing all traffic laws, regulations,
The PM can also use these studies to and orders.
analyze past and present alcohol and drug
offenses. The PM then attempts to isolate Reporting and investigating traffic
areas requiring additional traffic accidents.
supervision and enforcement beyond Operating traffic control posts on the
normally available resources. Once the PM installation.
identifies the factors that contribute to Reporting traffic conditions.
alcohol and/or drug problems, counter- Performing escort and convoy escort
measures are adopted and corrective actions duties.
taken,
Recommending type and location of
Results of traffic studies provide MP with traffic control devices.
methods to prevent accidents. One method is Advising facility engineer of traffic signs
to distribute MP effectively during the hours and control devices that need repairing
and days when, and at points where, or replacing.
congestion is greatest or where accidents are
most likely to occur. MP must give particular Whenever possible, traffic signs and
attention to the types of violations that are devices are used to indicate routes and
causing accidents. MP also evaluate dangerous points and to direct or control
effectiveness of traffic enforcement traffic. Unmanned traffic control equipment
measures and emphasize driver training and aids in providing maximum control using a
pedestrian education. MP recommend more minimal number of MP assets. MP post
effective uses for traffic control devices and temporary signs and route markings.
safeguards. They also coordinate traffic flow Luminous paint or other appropriate
with facilities engineers. They recommend material may be used for night illumination
engineering improvements to eliminate consistent with safety or blackout
hazards that cause frequent traffic regulations. Information concerning signs
accidents. can be found in the Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices.
Installation Traffic Control The making and posting of permanent
The basis for a well-planned and signs and devices is a facility engineer
organized traffic control plan is a traffic function. MP on patrol report to the facility
enforcement program and educational and engineer the location of traffic control
safety programs. MP traffic control plans equipment needing repair. MP report to the
provide for the safe and efficient movement PM control points requiring signs.
FM 19-10 65
161-016 O-94-5
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
66 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
It is made out in one copy. If the form Two copies are returned to the PM office
indicates suspension or revocation of the for transmittal to US District Court. A copy
registrant’s driving privileges or shows is returned to the PM office for filing. And a
accumulation of points, the form is to be copy is issued to the violator or placed on the
mailed to the PM of the gaining command violator’s vehicle. All violation notices
upon permanent change of station (PCS) of require:
the soldier concerned. Social security number of issuing MP.
The forms of military personnel who are Date of notice.
being separated from the service and civilian Description of violation, including place
personnel who terminate employment will be and time if applicable.
destroyed. Information concerning decals
Violation code number and issuing
and control procedures is outlined in AR 190-5. location code number.
DD Form 1805 is used by law enforcement
agencies in conjunction with the US DD Form 1408 is used for reporting minor
Magistrate System to cite individuals with traffic offenses. A copy of the form is
minor offenses. PMs must coordinate with forwarded through command channels.
the US magistrate of his area for— DD Form 1408 is administratively processed
A list of minor offenses for which mail-in in accordance with AR 190-5. The form does
procedures are authorized. not require any supporting forms or letters of
transmittal. A copy is filed in the office of the
The amount of the fine for each specific PM. A copy is given to the violator. Or in the
offense. case of an unattended vehicle violation, this
A list of minor offenses which require a copy will be placed under the windshield
mandatory appearance of the violator wiper of the vehicle or otherwise
before the magistrate. conspicuously affixed to the vehicle.
FM 19-10 67
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
DD Form 1408 may also be used as a to make multiple turning movements within
warning notice. Void traffic tickets will be the lane of travel, will knock down or run
marked VOID in large letters and all copies over cones.
turned in to the desk sergeant.
The MP observes visual clues when the
DD Form 1920 (Alcoholic Influence suspect is operating a vehicle. An effective
Report) is used to record observations of an detection program begins with the
individual apprehended for an offense in recognition that those who drive under the
which alcoholic influence, such as drunken influence have certain behavior patterns
driving, is a factor. This form is made out in that can be identified.
sufficient copies to satisfy local
requirements. At least one copy will be The typical contact involves three
attached to each copy of the DA Form 3975. separate and distinct phases. It should be
emphasized that MP will probably not go
Detecting an intoxicated driver is both the through all three phases with every
most difficult task in the enforcement effort suspected violator. Probable cause must be
and the most important. If MP fail to detect established to apprehend. Many times this is
violations, other countermeasure programs readily apparent by phase two.
will also fail. Several methods may be used In phase one the MP observes the vehicle
to deter violators. An effective installation in motion to note any initial clues of a
intoxicated driving prevention program may possible violation. The major decision is to
include the use of systematic gate determine if there is sufficient cause to stop
inspections, a cone maze, or regular, trained the vehicle. The MP observes the manner in
patrols. which the suspect responds to the signal to
Systematic gate inspections may be used stop and notes any additional evidence of a
to deter violators. These inspections may be violation. The MP looks for clues such as
conducted to ensure security, military driver—
fitness, or good order and discipline. Gate Attempting to elude the stop.
inspections must be coordinated with the Stoping vehicle in roadway where
local SJA and authorized by the installation shoulder is available.
commander. Gate inspections must be Useing the wrong turn signal.
documented, and signs must be displayed to
warn personnel that they are liable to search Obstructs other traffic.
upon entry, exit, or while on the installation. Once the vehicle is stopped, phase two
Incoming personnel who object to being begins. In phase two the MP observes the
inspected are not searched over their driver during initial contact. The major
objections. In this case they can be denied decision is to determine if the suspect should
the right of entry. Personnel exiting the exit the vehicle for field sobriety testing. The
installation cannot refuse inspection. MP MP observes the driver exit the vehicle and
selected to participate in the inspection are notes any additional evidence of
thoroughly briefed. MP maintain a log impairment. The MP looks for more obvious
recording all significant events. clues such as the driver—
The cone maze is setup in an S shape and Fumbling through his billfold.
also is an effective detection aid. Normally, Leaning on the automobile for balance,
the unimpaired driver will see the cones at a Slurring his speech.
reasonable distance, perceive the problem, Stumbling.
slow down, and carefully adjust to the Seeming to lack orientation.
challenge. An impaired driver, on the other
hand, because of inadequate perception, Having a flushed face.
unusually fast vehicle speed, or the inability Having bloodshot eyes.
68 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
If the MP is still undecided at this point, been refined by scientific research to make
phase three begins. In phase three the MP them as accurate and discriminating as
administers a preliminary breath test and possible. When properly administered and
formal psychophysical field sobriety tests interpreted, these tests are highly reliable
consistent with state law to evaluate the tools used to evaluate a suspect’s degree of
extent of the suspect’s impairment. The MP alcohol impairment. But the HGNT is a
must take adequate traffic control measures difficult and complex test to train. This test
during the testing phase to ensure the can only be used if the MP has been trained
suspect’s safety at all times. The major and certified competent by a qualified
decision is to determine if the driver is to be trainer. PMs can send MP to the Driving While
apprehended. Tests will help determine Intoxicated (DWI) Law Enforcement/Instructor
probable cause. Once the decision to Training Course at Lackland Air Force
apprehend has been made, the successful Base, Texas, to receive training in HGNT
prosecution depends upon the MP’s ability to procedures. MP who are trained can then
organize and present all relevant train unit members.
information to the court. The MP’s
observations are critical. The MP must use his or her judgment to
determine which test is used. The one-leg
Blood withdrawal is the most accurate stand test and the walk and turn test are
method of determining different levels of divided attention tests because they require
alcohol and/or drug intoxication in the the suspect to divide his attention between
blood. This procedure is done by authorized mental tasks and physical tasks. Both tests
medical personnel. However, breath require the suspect to balance and listen. The
analysis has been accepted as a substitute MP must demonstrate the one-leg stand and
for blood withdrawal for alcohol testing. the walk and turn test before requiring the
Evidential blood alcohol testing equipment suspect to perform the test.
is critical to the actual evaluation and
subsequent prosecution of violators. The use The one-leg stand test requires the suspect
of the portable breath tester may provide to balance while counting out loud. The walk
sufficient evidence for probable cause. Each and turn test requires the suspect to—
installation is authorized one chemical Comprehend verbal instructions.
breath-testing device by Common Table of Process information.
Allowances (CTA) 50-909. Chemical breath
analysts are selected and trained to use the Recall memory.
device. The device provides rapid, reliable,
and judicially acceptable test results. For While administering this test, the MP
judicial purposes, the device used must be determines if the driver—
one that is authorized for use in the host
state. Chemical breath-testing devices and Keeps his balance while listening to the
the percentage levels of alcohol impairment instructor.
are outlined in AR 190-5. Starts before instructions are finished.
If the chemical breath-testing device is not Stops to steady himself while walking.
available or is not legally usable in the area, Touches heel-to-toe.
then the formal psychophysical field
sobriety tests are used. The one-leg stand, Steps off the line.
the walk and turn, and the horizontal gaze Uses arms to balance.
nystagmus test (HGNT) have been Loses balance while turning.
developed by the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, using many years of Takes the incorrect number of steps or
experience throughout the country, and have just cannot do the test.
FM 19-10 69
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
ABSENTEE/DESERTER PROGRAM
MP pursue an aggressive absentee/deserter and other related activities in accordance
program that is preventive as well as with AR 190-9. Absentee/deserter
reactive. The reduction of absenteeism is investigations are undertaken to provide the
primarily within the sphere of command command a broad-reaching ability to return
leadership. But the PM as advisor to the absentees/deserters to military control. And
commander emphasizes the preventive because good coordination and communica-
measures available to commanders to reduce tion between military and civilian law
absenteeism in the Army. He also does this enforcement agencies is basic to the
through his participation as a member of the absentee/deserter program, the program
Army Community Service Council, the also serves to enhance MP/civilian police
Armed Forces Disciplinary Control Board, relationships.
70 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
FM 19-10 71
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
DOD Regulation 5030.49-R provides for with respect to plant products, animals, and
US military enforcement of US customs birds. The Department of the Army serves as
laws, postal regulations, and regulations of the executive agent for the DOD Military
the US Department of Agriculture (AR 40-12) Customs Inspection Program.
DISASTER RELIEF AND AREA DAMAGE CONTROL
MP may be called upon to assist in of property, especially critical facilities;
disaster relief operations. The preservation prevention of panic; and enforcement of
of law and order following the development emergency restrictions. They may also assist
of disaster conditions can be a major in traffic and circulation control, and the
problem. MP should report any indications evacuation, and detention of civilians.
of civil disturbances so that measures can be Additionally, MP teams may be used to
taken to prevent major incidents. MP may provide guidance to other military units
assist in the prevention of looting; protection performing law and order functions.
72 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 7
Planning Enforcement Measures
FM 19-10 73
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
74 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
Another statistical aid to the PM and his Percentages are also helpful in presenting
staff is the calculation of percentages. Data briefings and reports. A percentage is the
presented in percentage form give a clear relationship of a part to a whole calculated on
picture of problem area locations. the basis of 100.
FM 19-10 75
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
76 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
FM 19-10 77
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
MAINTAINING RADIO LOG and serves as a backup reference for the desk
DA Form 3945 (Military Police Radio Log) blotter and other reports. It is important that
is used as an official record of all MP radio the source, time, and subject of routine calls
calls. The radio log is begun at 0001 hours be entered in the log. In the case of serious
and closed at 2400 hours each day and incidents, the radio log entry is more
contains all radio traffic to and from the MP detailed. Electronic tape-recording
station and patrols during the period. The equipment is routinely authorized for use on
form is normally prepared in one copy. It is MP desks. Audiotapes may be used in place
filed sequentially in the desk sergeant’s files of DA Form 3945.
PREPARING MP REPORTS
DA Form 3975 is prepared on all com- The military police report is initiated
plaints received and incidents observed or immediately upon receipt of information. If
reported to MP, except routine traffic time does not allow for the immediate
violations and those minor violations noted initiation of the report, the report should be
by MP where corrective action consists of a initiated as soon as practicable. This report
verbal warning. DA Form 3975 is also assures complaints are recorded, system-
prepared when an apprehension is made or a atically assigned for follow-up, disposed of.
military person is returned to US Army or referred, and posted to the MP desk
control from another apprehending agency. blotter.
78 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
FM 19-10 79
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
MAINTAINING MP DESK BLOTTER printed, or stamped): “This blotter or extract
The MP desk blotter is a chronological is a daily chronological record of police
record of police activity developed from activity developed from reports, complaints,
reports, complaints, information, and incidents, or information received and
incidents. The desk blotter is not a substitute actions resulting therefrom. Entries
for the MP report. Its entries, in narrative contained on the blotter may or may not be
form, contain the essentials of the report. It complete or accurate and are not
states concisely the who, what, when, where, adjudications attesting to the guilt or
and how of an incident. It cites the identity innocence of any person. ” The desk sergeant
of persons related to an incident. And it or duty officer verifies the entries. An
directs readers to the MP report for details. authorized individual signs the blotter after
Entries do not list names of juvenile it has been closed.
subjects. In certain types of incidents/offenses Information concerning the administration
such as rape and child molestation, names of of the MP station, such as personnel changes,
victims should also be protected. In these inspections, visitors, and other administrative
cases, entries reflect the term “protected data, is recorded on DA Form 1594 and
identities” (PI) where the name of the in the MP desk journal.
subject/victim is normally listed. If
approved by the installation/activity PM, SUBMITTING CRIMINAL DATA
this technique may be used whenever REFERENCE CARDS
information on a particular entry should be
controlled. In that case, the blotter will DA Form 2804 (Crime Records Data
indicate that the entry is restricted. And it Reference) is used to forward to the Crime
will show the number of the associated MP Records Center information on subjects of
report. The action taken and the name of the investigations for—
person recording the entry will be indicated Violations of Article 111 through 133,
in the columns provided. UCMJ.
The desk blotter covers the period from Violations of Articles 77 through 84, 87
0001 to 2400 hours. Time recorded in the through 110, and 134, UCMJ, for which
“time column” reflects the time the the maximum punishment prescribed in
information is typed on the blotter. The first the MCM is confinement for six months or
daily entry on each blotter is always “blotter more.
opened” and the last entry on each blotter is Offenses which result in revocation or
always “blotter closed.” The blotter is suspension of driving privileges or the
normally prepared in original and two assessment of six or more points as
copies. One copy is sent to the senior outlined in AR 190-5.
commander supported by the respective PM An offense under the Assimilative Crimes
office (see AR 190-45). The original is Act (18 USC 13) or other federal statute for
maintained in the PM files. The other copy is which there is no corresponding offense in
maintained in the desk sergeant files. With the MCM and for which a maximum
approval of the senior commander, extracts punishment of six months or more
may be prepared for subordinate confinement is prescribed.
commanders when the blotter contains
entries that pertain to their respective A separate DA Form 2804 is submitted for
commands. As determined by local policy, each identified subject (real name and aliases)
the form may be used to provide information of an investigation of a special category
to the supporting USACIDC element. offense, regardless of DA Forms 2804 pre-
Distributed copies of blotters or extracts will viously forwarded as a result of separate
include the following statement (typed, investigations. Completed DA Form 2804
80 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
FM 19-10 81
161-0160 -94-6
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
with completed DA Form 3975 is forwarded AR 195-2, except for the report of in-
by the preparing office directly to Director, vestigation (ROI) number block, which
US Army Crime Records Center, 2301 reflects the number shown in the USACRC
Chesapeake Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21222. control number block of the completed
The card is completed in accordance with DA Form 3975.
82 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 8
Operating Patrols
FM 19-10 83
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necessary to take them to the MP station for MP next take action to protect the crime
return to their units. scene. MP patrols also protect the
MP also protect juveniles. Most MP community by enabling military
contact with juveniles occurs when patrols investigators to pursue their inquiries
expeditiously.
investigate minor offenses like disturbing
the peace. Sometimes contact is made when The first MP to arrive at a crime scene have
juveniles are seen committing acts that the critical task of securing the scene. They
could be harmful to people or property. preserve its physical aspects so that it can be
Usually, MP stop the misconduct and, when examined in detail by crime scene
needed, refer the incident to the parents. Or, investigators and/or lab examiners.
for those juveniles who have committed (See FM 19-20.) The patrol prevents
minor offenses, a verbal warning by the MP unauthorized intrusions and protects the
or making the child’s parents aware of the scene from change until an investigator
situation may correct their actions. arrives. The MP prevent unneeded
Investigation into the causes of the movement of physical evidence, which can
misconduct and the collection of background render the evidence useless. They rope off
data are limited to essential information. entrances and exits and routes possibly used
But MP may extend their investigation to by the suspect. They post guards to control
include the conduct of the child’s military spectators near zones likely to yield physical
sponsors if that conduct is dangerous or evidence. If needed, they reroute traffic. They
harmful to the child. cover fragile evidence and areas that could be
affected by rain, snow, wind, smoke, or direct
MP on patrol respond to reports of crime. sun rays. And when investigators arrive, the
The initial action by MP at a crime scene is to MP make all of their information
look for victims and, if there are signs of life, immediately available. Knowing that
render first aid. Everything else is secondary details are important, the MP who arrive
to the welfare of the injured person. Only and secure the scene provide their
when death of the person is established, do observations on any changes.
84 FM 19-10
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FM 19-10 85
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Aircraft patrols can be used when MP are Coordination of requirements with armed
required to cover large, sparsely populated forces police detachments.
areas where motor patrols are inefficient or Limitations of the Posse Comitatus Act as
ineffective. Helicopters are normally used in it applies to local laws.
performing aircraft patrols. All policies governing off-post law
MP patrols may be supplemented by enforcement.
courtesy or unit patrols provided by Published off-limits areas and
commanders of units other than MP. These establishments as determined by the
courtesy/unit patrols consist of NCOs who Armed Forces Disciplinary Control
may wear brassards for identification. Board. (See AR 190-24.)
Courtesy/unit patrols must rely on regular Apprehension of personnel not on official
MP in securing crime scenes and business who are present in off-limits
questioning suspects. Courtesy/unit patrols
must not interfere or attempt to prevent establishments.
apprehension of personnel who have Enforcement of curfews when established.
committed an offense. The MP duty officer Trouble spots based on post data.
will brief and debrief courtesy/unit patrols.
Briefings will emphasize procedures for OCONUS OFF-POST PATROLS
obtaining MP support, limits of authority, In overseas commands it is necessary that
and any pertinent information concerning MP have a working knowledge of SOFAs
the town area. Emphasis must be placed on and pertinent international laws as well as
the procedure that courtesy/unit patrols deal local laws, agreements, and customs. All
only with personnel from their unit; working agreements with host nations must
however, information concerning personnel be reviewed by the SJA prior to
from other units may be provided to the MP. implementation. Due to the language barrier
it may be advisable to have an interpreter
CONUS OFF-POST PATROLS fluent in the host nation language to assist
In CONUS off-post patrols will normally in interrogations, investigations, and other
not be employed. Where off-post patrols have operations. Due to host nation restrictions
been established, the desk sergeant will brief the jurisdiction and authority change from
patrol personnel on— locale to locale.
PATROL DISTRIBUTION
Efficient use of manpower and other minimal. But careful consideration must be
resources is critical for effective patrol made based on the types of crime occurring
operations. Essential to the success of patrol on the installation. Consideration must also
operations is appropriate distribution of be given to backup requirements and the
manpower. Supervisors must develop a experience level of assigned MP.
distribution plan addressing both available
manpower and the need for enforcement. How many work hours of patrol time are
available to the PM in a 24-hour period? How
Military working dogs can be an effective should these hours be distributed for the
means of patrolling while reducing most effective patrol coverage? These are
manpower requirements. (See Chapter 11 for two of the questions that can be answered
more information on military working dogs.) using compiled data.
One-man patrols conserve manpower. They
are useful for emergency traffic control. And Patrol distribution equalizes the work load
a one-man patrol can respond to complaints among patrol units. If the work load is
if chance of contact with a criminal is unbalanced, one unit may spend its entire
86 FM 19-10
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shift responding to calls and completing which will require a unit to be dispatched?
reports, while another is underemployed. Which calls will be referred to more
Unequal work loads can also adversely appropriate agencies, such as Army
affect MP morale. Equal patrol areas allow Community Service or the unit commander?
personnel to spend roughly equal There must be a clear policy on the degree to
percentages of their time between which patrol personnel handle crime
responding to service calls and preventive investigations. Do they gather witnesses as
patrol. well as secure the crime scene? The extent
Standards for distribution will vary. On that patrol vehicles will become involved in
one installation it may be the number of traffic control, investigation, and
crimes or accidents, while on another it may enforcement must be decided. The building
be the number of buildings to be checked. security tasks that will be accomplished by
The geography of the installation will affect patrol units must be set. The time period that
distribution plans. Railroads, bridges, and patrol personnel can be separated from their
rivers must all be considered so that no area vehicle to accomplish these tasks must be
is denied protection. set. The reporting responsibilities of patrol
personnel must be delegated. Personnel must
Response time is another factor to know what information and details must
consider. Response time in most patrol areas appear in their reports. Even who will review
should be minimal and about equal to other and type the reports and if the reports will be
areas. The larger and more diverse the area, written in the station or at the scene must be
the more difficult it will be to equalize the decided. And certainly, the priorities for
patrol areas. assigning service call precedence if
Distribution plans consider the varying insufficient patrol units are available must
numbers of patrol units available for duty on be known.
any one shift, depending on the number of PATROL DISTRIBUTION DATA
units on each shift, adjustments are made in
patrol area responsibilities. The PM has most of the data he or she
needs to make a careful analysis of the past
DISTRIBUTION POLICY DECISIONS events occurring within a jurisdictional
area. Data that can be used to project future
Policies must be developed to adequately as well as current police needs are often a
distribute patrol force coverage. Which part of the normal receipt of complaints and
services will be handled by telephone and the dispatching of patrols.
FM 19-10 87
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The number of complaints received per can be made if it is known how the offenses
month varies markedly during the course of a varied by day of the week and hour of the
year. The complaints range from a high day over the past year. The PM may want to
of 251 in August to a low of 124 in January. give additional “weight” to certain offenses,
The monthly average of offenses is 167.17. such as assaults and robberies, compared to
For the following January, a conservative lesser offenses, such as curfew violations.
prediction would be that the number of Any patrol distribution plan must reflect the
offenses would fall in the 124-251 offense logical requests for police service in the area.
range, further defined by historical data for
the month of January and the previous A 24-hour day, 7-day week is used to
year’s average. Caution must be exercised in develop a frequency distribution table. The
such predictions to consider any changes resulting data shows that a large percentage
that might affect the rate of offenses, such as of crime/complaints occurs on Friday and
unit transfers or increased troop strengths. Saturday. The pattern shows a low on
Sunday of 10 percent and a high on
A PM, knowing only dates and times that Saturday of 18.2 percent of all reported
crimes or complaints have occurred, has crimes/offenses. Friday and Saturday
limited information concerning the number accounted for 35.4 percent of all weekly
of offenses or work load to be affected in offenses, Wednesday through Saturday for
upcoming months. More precise projections 65.6 percent.
88 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
Once the high offense days of the week are uncontrollable variations such as weather or
known, the high offense hours of the day troop strengths. With this basic data, the
should be determined. The assumption is distribution of the patrol force by shifts and
made that prior patterns of offenses should days of the week becomes meaningful.
occur in the future, subject to any
FM 19-10 89
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
90
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
and personnel available, opposite the In the example for projected patrol
corresponding shifts. distribution above, note that 28 work
The work hours are then distributed based hours have been assigned to Sunday on
on the percentage of complaints received the 0001-0800 shift. As this converts to 3.5
per day of the week for each eight-hour personnel (28 work hours divided by 8-
shift. That is, the average work hours of hour day), a decision will have to be made
patrol service available is multiplied by on whether three or four personnel will be
the percentage of complaints to obtain the assigned to the shift. In this instance,
work hours of patrol service required. three persons were assigned duty (3 MP
These computations are also made for the times 8 hours equals 24 hours). Four of the
other two shifts. Any numbers that must 28 work hours must be transferred to
be rounded are rounded up when the another day on the 0001 to 0800 shift.
decimal place is 0.5 or greater. Work hours are not moved from shift to
shift, only from day to day on the same
280(WORK HRS) X .10 (SUN) = 28 HRS REQUIRED shift.
280(WORK HRS)X .115 (MON) = 32 HRS REQUIRED
This procedure is done for all remaining
Having constructed a projected patrol days and shifts. At this point, the number
distribution table, the data are now used of patrol personnel per shift on each day
to develop a table showing the actual of the seven-day workweek has been
patrol distribution based on eight-hour determined. Thirty-three personnel have
increments. The computed work hours of been scheduled for duty. The remaining
patrol service must be converted into two personnel will be used to replace
working personnel. Increments of eight personnel who are on TDY or leave or in
are used because each person works an the hospital. Or they will be used in
eight-hour day. selective enforcement operations.
FM 19-10 91
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92 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 9
Conducting Searches And Seizures
FM 19-10 93
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
94 FM 19-10
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One way to pass the basis of knowledge test Demeanor of the individual furnishing the
is by showing that the tip was so detailed that information to the commander.
the information must have been obtained as a
result of a personal observation by the infor- Statement of past reliability.
mant or from a statement of the defendant or Corroboration.
an accomplice. The best example of when a Statement from victim or eyewitness of
tip is self-verifying is the one the Supreme offense.
Court used in Draper v. United States Declaration against interest.
(Illinois v. Gates, 1983; Massachusetts v.
Upton, 1984). Information from other law enforcement
officials.
In the above case, the arresting police Information obtained from senior NCOs
officer had received a tip from an informant and above as a result of being passed
that the defendant had departed Denver, through the chain of command.
Colorado, to travel to Chicago. The informant
(1) said the defendant would return by train When the information is personally given
on 8 or 9 September; (2) described the to the commander—not by an MP, but by the
defendant’s physical appearance; (3) third party who obtained the information—
indicated that the defendant would be the commander can judge the individual
carrying a tan zipper bag; (4) said the source’s reliability at that time. In many
defendant walks with a fast gait; and (5) said
the defendant would be carrying heroin. cases the individual may be a member of the
Before making the arrest, the arresting police commander’s unit; thus, the commander is in
officer verified facts 1 through 4. the best situation to judge the credibility of
the person. Even when the person is not a
The court indicated that the tip was so member of the authorizing commander’s
detailed that it could conclude that the unit, it is an eyeball-to-eyeball situation in
informant obtained his information in a which the commander can question the
trustworthy manner, such as by personal individual and determine the consistency of
observation or a statement of the defendant statements made by the individual. The
or a combination of the two. eyeball-to-eyeball situation may either lend
When the police officer can verify a number to or detract from establishing credibility.
of the items listed in the informant’s tip, the The same is true when the individual is a
conclusion is that the other items in the tip member of the commander’s unit. Again, the
must also be true. The best example of commander’s personal knowledge of the
corroboration is, again, Draper v. United informant can lend to or detract from
States. A number of courts have indicated establishing credibility. Corroboration and
that the Draper situation could apply to not demeanor of the person are particularly
only train stations but airports or important when questioning first-time
rendezvous-type situations with automobiles. sources with no established record of past
In the case of an anonymous tip, this reliability.
corroboration is extremely important and
may be essential to a finding of probable One of the easiest methods for determining
cause. reliability is to know that the informant has
proven reliable in the past. There should be
Reliability Test some indication as to the underlying
The commander must also be satisfied as to circumstances of past reliability—such as
the credibility of the person furnishing the this informant has furnished correct
information. This has been called the information three times in the past about
reliability test and may be established by one wrongful possession of a particular type of
or more of the following: drug, naming the drug.
FM 19-10 95
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96 FM 19-10
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search. All seized items should be clearly During a lawful search, any evidence
marked with the initials of the person relating to crimes other than that specified
making the seizure and the military date and by the search warrant or search
time. While it may be desirable to seize authorization may be seized, provided it is in
property in the presence of the accused, it is plain sight during the search or in a place
not mandatory; however, a DA Form 4137 where the specified evidence could
must be issued and the chain of custody reasonably be found.
maintained.
CONDUCTING ENTRY AND SEARCH TO PROTECT PERSONS OR
PROPERTY
A commanding officer or noncommis- pursued is apprehended, the search will be
sioned officer may search government limited by the search incident to
property used in connection with assigned apprehension rules.
duties (such as desks and filing cabinets
located in an individual’s assigned office or When the person pursued is not found on
building) to look for contraband or property the premises, the MP may search the
held in a representative capacity. Any premises for evidence of the suspect’s
evidence found in the desk may be identity or the location to which he is fleeing
admissible at a trial. if it is unknown.
An MP may make a warrantless entry into The hot pursuit rule will apply when the
any premises whenever he has reason to MP receives a report of an armed robbery or
believe that it is necessary to prevent injury rape and shortly thereafter receives the
to persons, to prevent serious damage to description of the person who has committed
property, or to render aid to someone in the offense, and pursues the suspect, at
danger. which point the suspect enters a quarters on
While on patrol in the housing areas or post. He and the other MP may enter the
barracks area, an MP may hear sounds of a building (for example, quarters or house)
fight or cries for help coming from a and search wherever the suspect may be
building. Upon hearing these sounds, he hiding.
may enter the building to prevent injury or An MP may go to the on post quarters of
damage. Once the danger or emergency an individual when the MP has been notified
conditions have ceased, he may take only the of a domestic disturbance. At the particular
necessary steps to carry out the purpose of house, the officer will try to quell the
the original entry. disturbance, and if the MP views any
An MP, who is pursuing a person who he contraband or any other item which he
has probable cause to believe is armed and reasonably believes to be evidence of
has just committed a serious crime, may criminal activity, these items may be seized.
enter a vehicle or building believed to have Additionally, the disturbance may be such
been entered by the suspect and may search as to give the MP a basis for apprehending
the multiple dwelling unit or vehicle for the one of the individuals at the home.
person or any weapons that might be used to Thereafter, a search incident to the
further his escape. Once the individual apprehension may be conducted.
CONDUCTING AN IDENTIFICATION SEARCH
An identification search applies to an inca- effects of any person who appears to be
pacitated person or to an unsecured or stolen incapacitated, to learn either the cause of the
vehicle. An MP may examine the personal incapacitation or to identify the individual.
FM 19-10 97
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LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
When MP are called to a barracks, they not have a visitor’s pass, the MP may search
may find an individual unconscious because the vehicle for identification.
of an overdose of prescription drugs or a
prohibited substance. The MP may gain If while searching the unsecured car, the
entry to the room and call for medical help. owner of the vehicle is identified, the person
After the call for medical help, the MP may making the search for identification will
search the immediate area and the personal attempt to contact the owner and ask him to
effects of the individual to obtain evidence of secure his vehicle in the future. If while
identity. The MP may also search the looking for identification evidence of a crime
immediate area to determine what is found, the evidence may be seized and
substance was used to overdose, so medics may lead to appropriate action against the
can treat the illness properly. individual for criminal conduct.
An MP on patrol at night may observe a If the owner of the vehicle cannot be
car in a parking lot after the establishment determined by looking for identification, the
has closed. If someone is observed in the vehicle should be secured temporarily by the
vehicle apparently unconscious, it is proper MP, and an attempt should be made through
for the MP to open the vehicle, learn if the all available means to determine the owner
individual is unconscious, notify a doctor, or if the vehicle was stolen.
and then obtain evidence of the identi-
fication either from the individual or from In some states license plate numbers may
the car itself. not be stored in a computer. It may be
difficult to determine whether or not a
An MP who finds a vehicle unsecured— vehicle is stolen unless the identity of the
one that is registered on post or has a owner can be determined immediately.
visitor’s pass and is capable of being
secured—will secure the vehicle, leaving a When the MP is permitted to make a
note that the individual who owns the search for identification, the scope of the
vehicle should secure it himself next time. If search is limited to areas such as glove
the vehicle registered on post cannot be compartments and consoles where owner
secured, the MP will attempt to learn the and vehicle identification are normally kept.
identity of the owner by first calling the PM The scope of the search may also include
office if time permits and, if not, by reading documents that are lying in
searching the vehicle for identification. If open view inside the car. Once identification
the vehicle is not registered on post or does has been established, the search is ended.
98 FM 19-10
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does not mean the MP may conduct an An individual may be stopped for a traffic
investigative search. offense, and the MP may see items in plain
view such as drugs or drug paraphernalia or
When an individual is stopped for a evidence of other crime. This would give the
robbery that has occurred on post and the MP probable cause to believe that other
driver is apprehended on post and taken to evidence is located in the vehicle. Thus, the
the MP station, the car may also be taken to vehicle can be searched there or it can be
the MP station. If the robbery has recently taken to the MP station where a search of the
taken place, there may be probable cause to entire vehicle may be made. If the car was
believe the car contains evidence of the not in motion prior to the owner being taken
robbery, and it may be searched at the MP into custody, and there is no likelihood of the
station, even though there is no vehicle being removed by a third party, a
authorization from the commanding officer search warrant should be obtained to search
to search the vehicle. the vehicle..
FM 19-10 99
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100 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
CONDUCTING A FRISK
An MP may frisk any person whom he has stop—whenever a reasonable suspicion to
lawfully stopped when the MP reasonably frisk arises.
suspects the person is carrying a concealed A number of factors may be examined in
weapon or dangerous object, and the frisk is determining whether or not there is
necessary to protect the MP or others. The reasonable suspicion that the individual is
frisk may be conducted immediately upon armed and that the frisk is necessary for the
making the stop or at any time during the protection of the MP or others.
FM 19-10 101
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
102 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
CONDUCTING RAIDS
A lawful raid is a surprise, legal invasion by the Posse Comitatus Act to participate in
of a building or area. A raid may be made to a raid, MP or USACIDC special agents may
apprehend offenders, to obtain evidence of help identify persons or property seized. If
illegal activity, or to recover personal or US military personnel are apprehended in a civil
government property. Occasionally this raid police raid, they may be released to
is made to prevent the commission of a crime observing MP or USACIDC special agents
or to confiscate contraband. without formal receipt.
A raid must be justified. It must have a A raid must be coordinated with units and
clearly stated purpose. The authority to agencies that will be affected by the raid or
conduct a raid stems from and is justified by that can add to the raid’s success.
having probable cause. Probable cause for a Coordination with the SJA helps ensure that
lawful raid comes from information obtained the results of a raid can be used in court. In
through surveillances, registered/confidential the interest of security, however, coordi-
sources, criminal intelligence, or other nation is limited to that which is essential.
sources. The time of the raid should be selected, if
possible, to ensure minimum interference
Raids are conducted by the agency that from heavy traffic and allow rapid
has jurisdiction of the case. This agency will movement to ensure the presence of subjects
have mission responsibility and may be and illegal items.
augmented by other agencies based on the
reputations of those being raided. PLANNING A RAID
Military authorities authorize and conduct To be successful raids must be planned.
raids in areas under military control. Civil Plans must include not only team compo-
police conduct all raids in areas not under sition, equipment, and operational concept,
military control. Military authorities can but also any special arrangements that must
request that civil police conduct a raid if be made. And alternate plans should be
enough justification exists. And MP or developed. The raiding party can switch to
USACIDC special agents may accompany the alternate plan on prearranged signals if
civil police as observers. Although forbidden the original plan goes awry.
FM 19-10 103
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
104 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
Surprise keeps subjects from organizing personnel reduces the hazard of injury to or
resistance to the raiding party and from death of innocent persons. Every raid
destroying or concealing evidence. It keeps member must be able to recognize all mem-
them from escaping or helping other subjects bers of the raid party. In multiorganizational
escape. And it lessens their chances for raids, distinctive clothing, like raid jackets,
suicide attempts if they are so inclined. The can clearly identify raiding party members.
subjects of the raid must not know they are Each member of the multiorganizational
targets until the operation begins. The fewer raiding party must be familiar with all
people who know a raid is planned, the aspects of the operation, as well as his or her
greater the likelihood of surprise. Once the own mission.
raid begins, it must be carried out with speed
and precision. The time of the raid must be DETERMINING RAIDING PARTY
planned to fit the circumstances. The best COMPOSITION
time to carry out a raid is when few
uninvolved people are about. Raids are often The raiding party’s composition is
conducted at daybreak. The element of determined by the situation and the
surprise is usually on the side of the raiding resources available. There is no set number
party at that time of day. of people or teams who should make up a
party. A suggested organization, which can
Speed of execution is vital to the success of be modified as needed, is composed of a raid
a raid. And speed can only be obtained if, commander; entry, security, prisoner,
from the planning stage onward, all reserve, and medical teams; and their
participants have and know their specific respective commanders. Sometimes
assignments. Thus, simplicity of the plan is specially detailed persons or teams augment
a key factor for a well-organized raid. the raiding party. For example, a chemist or
Raiding party instructions must be clearly a special dog handler team may accompany
stated. And they must be easy to carry out. the basic party.
The raid commander has the overall
Superiority in manpower and equipment responsibility for planning and conducting a
can make the difference between a raid’s raid. Raid commanders are selected for their
success or failure. Superiority comes from experience and leadership ability and for
knowing and exceeding the subject’s their knowledge of the situation. Team
capabilities. The need for superior commanders are responsible to the raid
manpower or maneuverability dictates the commander for the supervision of their
number of members used in the raiding respective teams. They, too, are selected for
party. And superiority of firepower is experience and leadership ability. A reserve
desirable in any raid situation. If criminals team commander is usually named as the
know the raiding party is better armed than assistant raid commander. He assumes
they are, they are less likely to resist. If command of the raiding party if the
criminals are armed as well or better than commander is injured. A chain of command
the raiding party, they may believe they is established for the raiding party and
have a chance for escape and thus offer within each team.
greater resistance.
The entry team is the maneuver element. It
Safety must have a high priority in any enters the target area to make apprehen-
MP operation. Danger is inherent in any sions, as needed, and/or recover property.
raid situation. The raiding party must be The entry team may have a recorder, a
thorough, cautious, and safety conscious. photographer, and an evidence custodian.
Speed must not be gained at the expense of The recorder makes notes of events, and
safety. Using trained and experienced property recovered during the raid.
FM 19-10 105
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
The photographer complements the record- munitions must be obtained from the
ers notes with photographs of items or installation commander. The raiding party
events. The evidence custodian assembles, must have protective masks. And wind
tags, and receipts for the evidence or prop- direction, traffic, and population density
erties seized. must be considered. Type of munitions must
The security team provides cover for the be considered. For example, using burning-
entry team. It also seals off possible avenues type munitions in wood structures can cause
of approach and escape. fires.
The reserve team reinforces or assists Effective communications are a must for a
wherever needed. Part of this team may stay successful raid. Natural voice, visual, and
mobile for use as a pursuit unit. If the reserve radio communications give the raid com-
team is not needed for its basic purpose, it mander control over his various elements. At
can augment processing and help control the a minimum, the raid commander and each
raid site. team leader need a radio. Members of the
security team occupying likely avenues of
The prisoner team enters the building or escape also need radios. (Radio equipment
area after it is secured. It takes charge of must be checked before use. Use of relays
prisoners apprehended by the entry team. may be necessary.)
The prisoner team must be aware that the
entry team does not make a complete search Hand and arm or whistle signals are often
of the prisoners at the time of apprehension. used to direct movements, such as when to
begin the raid. Visual and sound signals
The medical team should include a doctor should be backed by radio communications.
if possible. The medical team normally The reverse is also true. The local telephone
remains with the reserve team. The medical system can be used as well. The important
team treats injuries incurred by members of point is to have an alternate means of
the raiding party or subjects of the raid. communication. One method is not enough.
106 FM 19-10
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FM 19-10 107
CHAPTER 10
Conducting Apprehensions
AUTHORITY TO APPREHEND
MP and civilian guards or police employed citizen’s arrest on and off the installation. As
by the Army have the same authority to the authority for the citizen’s arrest is the law
apprehend. Their authority is derived from of the local jurisdiction and not AR 600-40,
the installation commander’s inherent any variance between it and AR 600-40
authority to maintain order on the should be made clear to all concerned.
installation. AR 600-40 affirms that— Limited authority exists to apprehend
All members of the military have the persons not subject to the UCMJ. This does
ordinary right of private citizens to assist not mean these offenders go unpunished. If
in maintenance of the peace. This includes administrative measures are not sufficient,
the right to apprehend offenders. Citizen’s action may be taken as provided in AR 27-40,
arrest power is defined by local law. In which sets forth procedures for filing
exercising this power, care should be taken complaints with US magistrates.
not to exceed the right granted by law.
Service members also must be familiar In applying the law authorizing appre-
with the limits imposed upon military hensions in the capacity of a private person,
personnel by the Posse Comitatus Act. the following terms must be understood:
The restraint of the person imposed under A felony is any offense punishable by
the provisions of AR 600-40 will not exceed death or imprisonment for more than one
that reasonably necessary, nor extend year.
beyond the time required to dispose of the A misdemeanor is any offense not a felony.
case by transfer of custody to civil A breach of the peace is a public offense
authority or otherwise, under the law.
where violence or the threat of violence is
The laws of most jurisdictions are causing or likely to cause an immediate
relatively clear on the arrest authority of disturbance of public order. Any act which
peace officers. They are also somewhat involves the use of force or the threat of
obscure on the authority of private immediate use of force towards the person
individuals. The SJA should be asked to or property of another is a breach of the
conduct a survey of local laws relating to peace.
108 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
A private person is any person other than a Generally, it is restricted to felonies and
peace officer or police officer, whether he is breaches of the peace.
or is not a citizen of a particular state or
area or resident therein. The authority of a The phrase “in his presence” means that
private person to make an apprehension an act occurs within range of any of the
may be broadened under local law. person’s five senses.
APPREHENSION OF JUVENILES
Juveniles may be apprehended under the The initial interview of a juvenile is
conditions set forth in AR 600-40. Upon normally done by the MP immediately after
apprehension, MP will follow normal apprehension. During the initial interview,
apprehension procedures and SOPs and will the parents are read the youth’s legal rights,
notify juveniles of their legal rights and the acquainted with the facts of the suspected
offense for which apprehended. offense, and given an appointment to meet
with the juvenile officer as soon as is
The authority of MP on an installation, as practicable. After the MP duty officer or duty
far as juveniles not subject to military law are investigator has conducted the initial
concerned, is derived from the installation interview, the youth will be released to the
commander’s inherent authority to maintain parents. If a major offense such as rape or
order on the installation. armed robbery is involved, the initial
The general authority placed upon the interview is deferred to the appropriate
installation commander by Army authorities who have jurisdiction. The
regulations gives that commander broad juvenile will be released to civil authorities
powers to create policies and publish for detention upon completion of the initial
regulations governing the conduct on post of interview. See FM 19-20 for more detailed
civilian and dependent juveniles. The discussion of interviewing juveniles.
installation commander may authorize the Juveniles may be referred to legal state
MP to make a citizen’s arrest when more juvenile courts. An MPI may refer a juvenile
serious criminal offenses are committed whom he apprehends in the course of
on a military reservation by a juvenile. unlawful activity, takes into custody via a
Since state laws may vary regarding complaint, or apprehends as a result of an
citizen’s arrest power, the SJA is ongoing investigation.
consulted for guidance.
DA Form 3997 will not list names of
Immediately upon arrival at the MP juvenile subjects, their parents or sponsors,
station, the offender’s parents or guardians or the juvenile victims of such offenses as
must be notified of the apprehension. Parents rape or child molestation. Refer to AR 190-45
or guardians must also be told of the for detailed procedures. The desk blotter must
juvenile’s rights and the offense for which indicate that the person is a minor with
apprehended. protected identity.
MEANS OF APPREHENSION
The need to apprehend an offender can apprehension. A plan of action for each type
occur with little warning. It can happen at of apprehension is immediately available to
any time. Speed in erecting barricades, the desk sergeant. The plan considers the
redeploying patrol units, and performing placement of temporary roadblocks,
similar actions are necessary for rapid checkpoints, and methods of alerting patrol
FM 19-10 109
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
110 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
pedestrians and occupants of vehicles can be record? What is the person’s reputation on
stopped. If a soldier who is stopped is a post or in the unit?
suspect and is to be questioned, the MP must Demeanor during contacts. Does the
read him his Article 31 rights. person act evasive or suspicious or
The term “reasonable suspicion” cannot be knowingly give false information when
precisely defined. The stop must be based on questioned? This behavior may be a basis
more than a hunch. The MP must be able to for a stop after the initial contact.
state specific facts for his decision to stop the Area of the stop. Is the person near an area
individual. Factors to be used in determining known for the commission of certain
reasonable suspicion are— crimes? Is it a high crime area?
Personal appearance. Does the person Time of day. Is it a very late hour? Is it
generally fit the description of the person usual for people to be in the area at this
wanted for a known offense? Does he time of day? Is it the time of day when
appear to have a recent injury? Does he criminal activity of the kind suspected
appear to be under the influence of alcohol usually occurs?
or drugs? Police training and experience. Does the
Actions. Is he running away from an MP making the stop have the training to
actual or possible crime scene? Is he determine if the pattern of conduct sets a
otherwise behaving in a manner to modus operandi for that type of crime?
indicate possible criminal conduct? Source of the information. Can sources of
Prior knowledge of the person. Does the information be used to establish probable
person have an arrest or conviction cause?
FM 19-10 111
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
believe that the drugs are still present. knowledge test and reliability test must be
However, a basis for apprehension and for a satisfied in determining the existence of
search incident to the apprehension still probable cause.
exists. Additionally, both the basis of
112 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
A person who is apprehended at his When there has been a lawful appre-
quarters or place of business may have to hension and the person has been taken
obtain wearing apparel or a change of to the MP station or the person consented to
clothing for a stay at the detention cell. If go to the MP station, the following actions
the apprehended person requests permission may be compelled:
to gather other things to bring with him, the
MP may search the immediate area where Fingernail scrapings if there is probable
the additional materials are located. This is cause to believe that such scrapings will
done to protect the apprehending MP and to aid in a criminal prosecution.
prevent the destruction of evidence. The MP Fingerprints.
may not, however, move the suspect Voice exemplars.
throughout the home simply in order to Handwriting exemplars.
search other rooms.
Bite plates to identify teeth marks when
When an apprehended person has no -
there is probable cause to believe that
reasonable expectation of privacy, the such evidence will aid in a criminal
apprehending MP may make an inspection prosecution.
of the entire area. For example, an MP is
investigating a break-in of the auto crafts The rights warning is not required to take
shop. He finds the door jimmied and enters these actions as the individual is not being
to find an individual in the garage. The MP interrogated and is not being asked to make
can inspect the entire crafts shop, looking a statement. The Fifth Amendment only
for other evidence of a crime. This is because covers “testimonial communication” and
the suspect cannot have an expectation of not the physical display of the body or
privacy in the crafts shop. similar actions.
FM 19-10 113
CHAPTER 11
114 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
prevent escape or effect a lawful apprehension areas. Patrol dog teams used to escort and
of a person engaged in a criminal act. In a safeguard funds may deter some people from
crowd situation, there is no certainty that a attempting to rob the courier.
patrol dog will attack, pursue, and hold the
person against whom the dog has been Giving patrol dog teams a mobile
released. Therefore, under no circumstances capability significantly increases their
will dogs be released in a crowd. potential area of coverage and allows the
teams to perform a greater range of
Using patrol dogs in dependent housing or functions during a duty shift. The team is
in the vicinity of troop billets helps deter normally unaccompanied, but other MP may
criminal actions. The team has the ability to go with the team when the need arises.
move quickly from one area to another, but
actual patrolling of housing and billet areas Mobile patrols are most effective when the
is done mostly dismounted. patrol dog team uses the ride-awhile, walk-
awhile method. The team is able to help
IN PEACETIME ENVIRONMENTS cover a large patrol area, and the periodic
exercise helps to keep the dog alert.
A patrol dog team may be used on gate
duty or other entry control functions. The The patrol dog team can check buildings
dog’s primary function is deterrence and visually while patrolling by vehicle. The
protection of the handler. Use of MWD teams patrol dog team can also stop and dismount
for entry control, however, is not so the handler can physically check doors
recommended because of the high volume of and windows. To take maximum advantage
traffic, the large number of distractions, and of the dog’s scenting ability, the handler
the reduction of the handler’s ability to approaches buildings from downwind.
maintain positive control over the dog.
To check identification or to apprehend,
If circumstances necessitate using MWD the handler always warns the person that if
teams at entry control points, the dog is not he or she displays any hostility to the patrol
confined inside a gate house where it cannot or to the handler, the dog will attack without
respond to its handler if needed. Further, the command. Once the handler has been
MWD team will need to be frequently moved alerted by the dog, it becomes the
to other duties to keep the dog alert and responsibility of the handler to cope with the
proficient. situation in the most appropriate manner.
The primary function of a patrol dog team Frequently, the appropriate action is to keep
on a fixed post is surveillance over an area or the intruder or area under surveillance until
building. If used outside, the team is located other MP personnel can arrive. After an
downwind where the dog can detect an apprehension, a search is always done with
intruder by scent, sound, or sight. If this is the patrol dog in the guard position. A
not possible, the team is located so an backup MP patrol is used to transport
intruder can be detected by sight and sound. apprehended personnel.
When used inside, the dog depends mostly on Dog teams are useful to detect and
his hearing. Other MP maybe used with dog apprehend thieves and vandals in vehicle
teams on fixed posts. parking lots. Also, the presence of the patrol
The patrol dog’s contribution to the law dog team may deter potential acts of theft
enforcement effort is most effective when the and vandalism. The team can be most
team is used on foot patrol. Some of the law effective by alternating between vehicle and
enforcement duties that a patrol dog team foot patrol in a parking lot. During hours of
can do as a walking patrol include checking darkness, when there is no activity in a
or clearing buildings and patrolling parking parking lot, the team approaches the lot
lots, family housing areas, and troop billet from the downwind side.
FM 19-10 115
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
If a building is open or forced entry is assigned patrol dogs are good trackers and
evident, patrol dog teams may be used to use the best patrol dogs for tracking
track hidden intruders from point of missions.
penetration to their location. In responding IN COMBAT AREAS
to an alarm at facilities such as clubs,
finance offices, or banks, the patrol dog team MWD teams provide support for crime
should be among the first MP on the scene. prevention and law enforcement activities.
MWD teams may be employed in routine
When the need for tracking arises, patrol duties in heavily populated areas with
personnel who are on the scene avoid the safety and efficiency. They can be used to
area and keep other personnel from entering support police operations in searching crime
the tracking area. This will reduce scenes. They can track fleeing saboteurs.
contamination of the area with extraneous They can clear buildings of sympathizers or
or confusing scents. stay-behind pilferers. They can also
The dog begins tracking as soon as apprehend criminal offenders. MWD teams
can perform perimeter security duties at
possible because success often depends on isolated activities. Patrol dogs may be
the strength of the available scent. The employed on fixed security posts or in
passage of time, wind strength, and other conjunction with security patrols. MWD
environmental conditions will affect the teams can protect ammunition supply points
strength of the scent. Human scent adheres and critical resupply areas. They can protect
well to grass and brush which can improve bridges, railway marshaling areas, and
the chances of success. Paved or gravel areas airfields. They can work with MP security
and strong scents such as fertilizer, burned units at remote communications sites and at
grass, or spilled oil or gasoline impede the isolated MP circulation control points. They
tracking ability. Human scent remains are also highly useful in cordon and search
longer on cool, moist ground. Direct operations. In fact, on the battlefield just as
sunlight, extremely dry ground, or heavy in a peacetime environment, MWD teams are
rain dissolves scent rapidly, making useful wherever the dogs’ highly developed
tracking more difficult. senses of smell and hearing can be used to
The methods used to track lost personnel, detect the presence and location of otherwise
especially children, are different from those invisible intruders or enemy. (The use of dogs
used to track a fleeing suspect. Only dogs in the vicinity of petroleum, oil, and lubricant
who have been trained to track successfully points must be infrequent and of short
for lost personnel are used, to avoid any duration because of damaging effects on
danger of harming innocent persons. paws and to sense of smell.) In addition
explosives detector dogs have been trained to
Not all patrol dogs have been trained to discriminate the scent of explosives. They
track. Among the dogs trained to track, not may be used in detecting, tracking, and
all have the same tracking ability. The searching buildings, aircraft, and vehicles to
kennel master must know which of his protect government property and personnel.
116 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
and will be employed under the supervision apprehension and possible criminal
of such personnel. The dog handler with his prosecution of offenders may be involved.
detector dog form a detector team.
The use of well-trained narcotics detector Commanders and supervisors should work
dogs is one of the most efficient means of closely with the command SJA to ensure that
detecting the possession or transportation of drug detection operations achieve objectives
dangerous drug contraband The narcotics and comply with legal requirements.
detector dog is trained through a program of Whenever the operational situation may
practice and reward to recognize the scent of result in the apprehension and possible
drugs such as marihuana, hashish, heroin, criminal prosecution of offenders, the
cocaine, and other related substances. When procedural and record-keeping requirements
the narcotics detector dog locates any of defined in AR 190-12 apply to narcotics
these substances, the dog will alert its detector dog teams.
handler. Court decisions and changes to existing
The use of narcotics detector dogs during a laws and policy frequently alter the methods
health and welfare inspection must be and procedures that must be followed for
authorized by the installation commander or proper narcotics detection programs.
a commander having control over the Handlers must learn and apply the rules of
personnel and property to be inspected. There evidence, search and seizure, and the
are several legal considerations in using the procedures for collecting and preserving
narcotics detector dog since the evidence.
Few other criminal acts create such Evacuation of the area may or may not be
concern and fear in the hearts of a nation’s ordered by the responsible commander or his
citizens as a series of bombings. It is no designated bomb scene officer. But the area
coincidence that organized crime and must be evacuated if the EDD team is being
terrorist groups routinely use explosive used to perform the initial search. The area
materials as a means of achieving their must be evacuated to minimize the
violent goals. Whether the objective is distractions to the EDD team and to reduce
murder, intimidation, extortion, or the risk to area occupants in the event of an
governmental disruption, the bomb is a explosives detonation. The advantage of
favorite and effective weapon of the criminal using the EDD team to conduct the search is
element. One of the most effective that the EDD handler has specialized
countermeasures to the use of explosives is knowledge of explosives and explosive
the deterrent value and the detection devices and search techniques.
capabilities of the EDD team. EDD teams fill
three distinct roles in MP operations in Public knowledge that EDD teams are
addition to their routine use as patrol dog assigned to and are used at an installation
teams. acts as a deterrent to persons who may try to
The type of threat received and local policy use explosives illegally on the installation.
determine the initial actions to be taken in The knowledge that, explosives can be
response to a bomb threat. The procedures detected by EDDs at installation gates or in
used during training rehearsals for bomb places where explosives have been hidden
threats will be used during actual bomb can prevent a person from attempting to
threats. bring explosives onto an installation.
FM 19-10 117
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
The most common use of EDD teams, and one or more items which may have been
probably the most important, is to search hidden in an area.
areas or buildings against which a bomb The most frequent tasks performed by
threat has been made. A well-trained EDD EDD teams are in response to bomb threats
team can conduct a significantly more against military or civilian resources. The
effective search of any area or facility than general requirements for providing EDD
almost any number of people. However, when team support to civil authorities is stated in
persons who work in the specific, threatened AR 190-12. However, many units are also
area are available to identify unfamiliar using EDD teams in random searches at
objects, planners should consider their entry control points, for inspection of troop
contribution to an EDD search. If the dog and family housing areas, and for checks of
alerts during an actual search, explosives aircraft and aircraft areas; sensitive or high
ordnance disposal (EOD) personnel are value equipment storage areas; and mail,
immediately notified of the location of the baggage, freight shipments, and so forth.
alert. EOD will dispose of any suspect devices The expanded use of EDD teams for these
or objects. Using EDD teams also helps to functions presents many of the same legal
reduce the potential risk to persons who problems for explosives searches that are
would otherwise have to do the search characteristic of narcotics detector dog team
without benefit of the dog’s superior sense of searches for drugs. Whenever the operational
smell. Neither the MP nor any other person situation may result in the apprehension and
attempts to move, open, or tamper with any possible criminal prosecution of offenders,
object suspected of being an explosive device the procedural and record-keeping
unless they have been specifically trained to requirements defined in AR 190-12 apply to
do so. EDD teams. However, compliance with
procedural requirements is not to be an
EDD teams can be useful in many obstacle to protecting life and property. The
investigations involving almost any type of EDD handler is always prepared to establish
weapon, ammunition, or explosive. They are the EDD team’s credibility with training,
particularly useful if there is a need to locate utilization, and proficiency records.
118 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 12
Enforcing Customs Laws and Regulations
CONTENTS
I n some locales MP may be called upon to Page
enforce US customs laws and regulations.
MP may be tasked to visually inspect both MILITARY CUSTOMS INSPECTORS......120
incoming and outgoing mail at local Army CUSTOMS OPERATIONS PROCEDURES..121
post offices for customs violations. MP may or written customs declarations as
be aided by military narcotics or explosives required.
detector dogs in performing these customs
inspections. Mail containing narcotics, Conduct searches of vehicles, luggage,
explosives, or other contraband is processed and any other property being imported or
in accordance with directives issued by exported by US forces personnel.
Department of the Army. Seize contraband items that are in
MP may be required to operate control violation of customs regulations. In all
posts and border patrols and to supervise cases where property or contraband is
crossing points at international borders. seized, DA Form 4137 will be prepared in
Many countries control the movement of four copies.
military personnel and civilians at their MP customs personnel concern themselves
borders. Border control is maintained for with individuals subject to military
reasons of security, customs and tariff authority who enter or leave an
enforcement, protection of the civilian international port or control point of a host
economy, and apprehension of criminals, country. Members of US forces may be
absentees, and persons of intelligence referred to MP customs inspectors by host
interest. Control is maintained through the country authorities for partial or final border
establishment of authorized road or rail processing.
crossing points, border patrols, control posts, MP in HNs may be tasked to enforce
and, if feasible, liaison with authorities of customs laws and regulations in support of
neighboring countries. Prohibited or local government officials. US military
restricted zones are often used to help control enforcement of customs laws of countries in
circulation at borders. which US forces are stationed is often part of
In border control, MP normally coordinate agreements like the NATO SOFA between
with host country police, counterintelligence the United States and the host nation. Under
units, and civil affairs units. Border control agreements MP enforce customs laws of the
posts and patrols are also furnished border host country with respect to US forces
alarms. They are to watch for individuals or personnel and their dependents. MP help—
items that may be involved in criminal and
customs offenses. Normal procedures for Prevent the illegal sale or transfer into the
checking personnel, luggage, vehicles, and local economy of US forces’ goods which
documents at border crossing points include enter the country free of customs duty and
the following requirements for MP customs taxes.
personnel: Authenticate and issue customs import
documents to members of the US forces
Establish the identity and purpose of US for importation of personal property
forces members crossing borders and (except for hold baggage or household
examine vehicles and travel documents. goods which enter as official consign-
Instruct US forces members to make oral ments of the US forces).
FM 19-10 119
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
120 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
FM 19-10 121
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
All personnel who enter the main processing in the issuance of an offense report and
area of the passenger terminal are required subsequent disciplinary or administrative
to pass this checkpoint. Emergency doors action.
providing bypass capabilities will be kept The personnel checkpoint will be located
closed and posted to preclude unauthorized at the entrance of a customs exclusion area.
passage. The purpose of the checkpoint is to The checkpoint will be opened upon
detect and prevent baggaged contraband announcement by MAC personnel that
from being stowed in the cargo compartment processing for a specific flight is initiated.
of the aircraft. The purpose of the checkpoint is to detect
All passengers presenting themselves for contraband on the person or within items to
baggage inspection are asked if they have be handcarried aboard the aircraft. The
any weapons, contraband, prohibited items, checkpoint provides a last, formal,
or prohibited drugs. Declared items are then predeparture, antihijack security check.
examined for proper documentation. Personnel will be required to enter the
Firearms and ammunition must be listed on customs exclusion area through curtained
orders and have all required treasury and booths. Their identification cards and
customs forms or a certificate of prior passports will be checked. They will be given
CONUS possession attached. They must a body frisk or required to pass through a
then be repacked in baggage to be stowed in metal detection device as appropriate.
the cargo compartment of the aircraft. Small Personnel in possession of prohibited drugs
arms ammunition must be packed or weapons and explosives will be
individually in complete lots and must not apprehended and MAC counter personnel
exceed 1,000 rounds. Drugs must be notified.
consistent with prescriptions and be in Baggage which is offered for customs
reasonable quantities for use only during inspection will be thoroughly examined for
pending trip and related leave. Any contraband, prohibited items, prohibited
contraband, prohibited items, or prohibited drugs, and weapons. Probes may be used to
drugs will be seized, a receipt given, and an help detect prohibited drugs. Discovered
offense report rendered. Personnel who contraband, prohibited items, prohibited
surrender prohibited drugs or explosives will drugs, concealed weapons, and US
be apprehended. government property, including undeclared,
unregistered firearms equipment, will be
When possible all cargo compartment seized if no proof of ownership is produced
baggage is inspected. Under no during customs checks. A receipt will be
circumstances will the customs checking issued and disposition accomplished in
procedure be the cause for delay in loading compliance with command directives.
an aircraft. Spot checks may be performed Personnel who possess suspected prohibited
when passenger volume exceeds the drugs or explosives will be apprehended and
capability of MP customs personnel. MAC counter personnel notified. Personnel
Before a customs inspection is done at who possess other contraband and/or
baggage checkpoints and before passengers prohibited items will be permitted to proceed
enter the main processing area, MP customs after being cited, unless a felonious act is
inspectors brief all departing personnel on involved.
the location of the amnesty box and its Personnel processed into the customs
purpose. Passengers are told that once a exclusion area remain within this area until
customs check is done the amnesty box can their flight departs. Personnel who exit the
no longer be used to discard prohibited customs exclusion area prior to their
items. Passengers also are told that scheduled departure must be rechecked upon
detection that discloses an offense will result their reentry.
122 FM 19-10
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS
A complete body search will be directed passengers and are inspected by enlisted
whenever the MP customs inspector suspects female customs inspectors. If valid suspicion
that a passenger has weapons, contraband, exists, female MP customs inspectors will
prohibited items, or prohibited drugs on his search female passengers. Male customs
person. If a complete body or strip search is inspectors will not, under any circum-
deemed necessary, this will be accomplished stances, allow themselves to be inside a
in a private area with at least one witness curtained booth with a female passenger.
present. The hand-carried items of all passengers are
Female passengers normally proceed into subject to inspection.
the customs exclusion area ahead of male
FM 19-10 123
PART THREE
INVESTIGATIONS
124 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
investigations that fall within their purview. injury, war crimes, and major property loss
Although effort is made to adequately and or damage. MP may verify such major
thoroughly investigate such crimes, incidents if operational priorities permit.
investigations are not allowed to interfere These incidents will be referred, whether
with accomplishment of a combat mission. verified or not, to criminal investigators
USACIDC will maintain a dedicated assigned to USACIDC.
investigative force on the battlefield to
investigate serious crime affecting the The number of MP used for criminal
battlefield capabilities of the supported investigation operations is directly related to
commander. When combat operations take the level and intensity of the battle. MPIs are
priority, MPIs and MP will only be able to assigned to MP companies in division and
gather the essential who, what, when, where, above to conduct criminal investigations.
why, and how of the crime. The information These MPIs are shown in their company’s
will be passed to the PM operations section, TOE by the skill identifier V5. Although
where it will be reviewed and forwarded to each company has trained investigators, in
the G1 and the appropriate unit commander. combat these investigators may not be
The operations section will also make available at all times. They may be on
appropriate referrals to USACIDC of missions having higher priority. Therefore,
reported crimes within their command. See every MP team must be able to gather basic
FM 19-20 for more information on criminal information about battlefield crimes.
investigations. USACIDC investigators on the battlefield
Two types of criminal investigations are are usually collocated with MP unit HQ for
performed by MP on the battlefield. Minor ease of coordination and support. But
crimes are investigated by personnel from command and control of these investigators
MP company operations sections. In a usually stays within the USACIDC chain of
combat environment, few MP investigations command. Organization and employment of
of minor incidents will be required. Major USACIDC investigators during combat
incidents involve death, serious bodily operations is discussed in FM 19-1.
FM 19-10 125
CHAPTER 13
Law and Order Investigations
T he investigation of disruptive or
CONTENTS
dangerous behavior is a necessary part of
any command’s effort to maintain good Page
order and discipline. INVESTIGATING DOMESTIC
DISTURBANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...126
INVESTIGATING DRUG AND CONTROLLED
INVESTIGATING DOMESTIC SUBSTANCE ABUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...129
DISTURBANCES INVESTIGATING POSSIBLE RAPE
OFFENSES .............................129
The role of MP in domestic disturbances is MP Encounter and Aid Victims . . . . . . .. ..130
to restore order. MP are to stop the conflict MP Turn Case Over to USACIDC
and convince the individuals to regain Investigators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........130
control of their actions. The MP are to ensure INVESTIGATING POSSIBLE CHILD ABUSE
that all family members are safe and have AND NEGLECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..131
not been harmed. In incidents involving Reports of Child Abuse and
Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 131
suspected spousal abuse see AR 608-1. Signs of Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......132
Investigation of Suspected Abuse.. .. . ...133
Domestic disturbances are one of the most Home Visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...135
dangerous types of activities in which the Initial Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. ..135
MP can become involved. Every year, a great Interviews with the Parents . . . . . . . . ...135
many law enforcement officers are killed or Contact and Interviews with
the Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......136
injured in responding to domestic Prosecution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...137
disturbances. MP know that each INVESTIGATING SUICIDE THREATS
disturbance is different and must be treated AND ATTEMPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...137
individually. INVESTIGATING REPORTS OF ABNORMAL
BEHAVIOR .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...138
MP are trained in methods of handling INVESTIGATING CUSTOMS VIOLATIONS .139
domestic disturbances. Their training gives
them the specific skills and methods they
need to handle crisis situations. The support The desk sergeant—
systems available to MP enable them to Obtains data from the complainant-who,
intervene in domestic disturbances. Because what, when, where, and how, and if
communication and transportation systems weapons are involved or available.
are constantly available to MP, MP can
respond immediately to disturbances 24 Asks the caller to describe the situation.
hours a day. MP also have the authority to Encourages caller to remain on the
physically intervene in domestic telephone to report changing events.
disturbances and to apprehend disputants if Checks weapons registration cards and
necessary. advises responding MP as appropriate.
In answering domestic disturbance calls, Relays all information to MP answering
MP must have all available information on the call. If unable to obtain a clear
the family and the situation. When receiving description of the situation, the
a domestic disturbance call, the MP desk responding MP must be informed.
sergeant must obtain as much information Assigns a backup vehicle when a one-MP
as possible from the individual making the vehicle is dispatched. MP will never enter
complaint before dispatching patrol units. a residence alone.
126 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
MP avoid making noise that will attempt to remove the dispute from view of
announce their arrival at the scene. The the neighbors.
approach of an MP vehicle is usually the
first sign to one or more of the disputants To avoid walking into an unknown
that the MP have been called. If disputants situation, MP do not enter a dwelling even
are prone to violence, sight of an after being told by the occupant, “Come in,
approaching MP vehicle allows them time to the door’s open.” MP allow the occupant to
obtain weapons or otherwise prepare for open the door for them. When entering a
police arrival. Upon arriving at the scene of room or building, the senior partner
a disturbance, the MP vehicle is parked one positions himself on the side of the door that
house away from the address to which affords the greatest observation of the
called. interior. The senior partner will direct who
enters the dwelling first based on his
There is always a danger that MP may be observation of the situation. This provides
assaulted between the time of arrival and the for better command and control of the
time they reach the door. MP visually check situation.
windows and doors for unusual movements
or objects while approaching the residence. If entry is initially denied and the
At night, flashlights will not be shined in situation is temporarily calmed, the MP
windows to avoid warning of arriving MP. remain on the scene and work through the
Only the MP in front will use a flashlight to disputant’s chain of command to gain entry.
avoid silhouetting the other MP to the If the situation appears violent, or if the MP
occupants. have cause to believe a person is injured or in
danger of being injured, they have a lawful
MP will always stand to either side of the right to force entry into the dwelling.
door, never in front of it. Before knocking, or
using the doorbell if one is available, MP Once inside, the MP separate the
listen at the door for 15 to 30 seconds. They disputants if necessary. MP suggest that
may be able to determine the nature of the everyone sit down. MP realize that people
disturbance and whether or not it is violent involved in domestic disputes may be
before announcing their presence. Before hostile, abusive, and uncooperative. It is to
knocking, MP check screen doors to see if be expected that some hostility may be
they are locked. Locked screen doors can directed toward the MP, who are viewed as
create an unexpected barrier between the MP intruders. Reactions of the disputants will
and the disputants if immediate action is often be directly related to attitudes of
required. When knocking on the door, MP do indifference, aggression, or concern as seen
not sound aggressive. If there is no response in the MP.
at the door and the dwelling appears quiet, The attitude of the MP is important. The
MP verify the address with the MP desk. If initial impression will determine the degree
correct, they check the sides and rear of the of cooperation. MP realize that unintended
dwelling for indications of the presence of meanings and attitudes will be read into
the occupants. Neighbors may also provide their words, facial expressions, and body
useful information. positions by the disputants. The MP must
To ensure coordinated activity, patrol display a calm, positive, and helpful
partners will decide before gaining entry manner. A sensitive and tactful approach
what action each will take in separating the can do much to create a positive
disputants and mediating the disturbance. environment in which the dispute can be
When someone answers the knock, MP will mediated.
identify themselves and state why they are Observing conditions inside the dwelling
there. If not invited into the dwelling, the MP while obtaining background information
request to move the interview inside and may give the MP ideas of contributing
FM 19-10 127
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causes to the dispute. MP must be alert for If the parties can be separated, they are
sudden movements. They watch to see if moved out of sight and hearing of each other.
subjects continually glance at closets or In separating the parties, the disputants are
bureaus. Such actions may be the first not allowed to come between the MP, are not
indication that a subject has a weapon left alone in another room, and are not moved
available. The MP must also observe— to the kitchen because of potential weapons.
The disputants’ living conditions, The MP, if possible, are to remain within
clothing, and personal cleanliness. sight of one another at all times.
The location and number of disputants Once the disputants have been separated,
and any injuries requiring treatment. seated, and have furnished basic
Any visible weapons and threatening background information, MP then interview
moves. each disputant. During the interview, MP
may remove their hats and sit to further
The emotional level of the dispute and the relax the disputants. MP must not assume
emotional condition of the disputants. that everyone is okay based on the word of
Apparent lack of food, broken furniture, one of the disputants. Each disputant is
and excessive amounts of liquor on hand can asked to define or explain the problem that
indicate neglect and instability. The caused the argument. The MP must appear
condition of clothing and personal interested and be good listeners. MP must
carefully avoid giving opinions and making
cleanliness can reflect the pride the family value judgments, as this will give the
has in itself and the level of support impression they are taking sides in the
provided. Facial expressions, eye argument.
movements, and body positions can provide
emotional signs of fear, hate, depression, If a disputant refuses to discuss past
and embarrassment. Physical deformities or events, his or her wishes are respected.
other handicaps affecting the family Should a disputant be willing to discuss
relationship may be noticeable if the related facts or events, every effort is made
afflicted person is being criticized or belittled to obtain as much information as possible. If
by other family members. the MP are being told obvious lies, it must be
made clear that the lies are not believed. The
After calming the disputants, the MP interview must continue. Questioning,
obtain information on the family structure repeating the disputant’s statement, and
and background before attempting evaluating apparent facts are methods that
mediation. MP will obtain— will aid in gathering sufficient information
Names and addresses of all present and for mediation. After the problem has been
their ranks, social security numbers, and defined, MP question each disputant about
units if military. related problems to see if a pattern occurs.
Relationship and legal status of the Mediation, referral, temporary separation,
disputants: valid marriage, nephew-uncle, and apprehension are four courses of action
boyfriend-girlfriend. available to MP once order has been
Length of residence in quarters and period restored. As soon as the MP establish what
assigned to the installation. has occurred, the MP must choose one of
these courses of action. If the dispute is
Whether or not children are involved; if verbal only, the MP can mediate, make
so, their ages and parental relationships. referrals, or suggest temporary separation.
Whether or not MP or civil police have If a physical assault has occurred, they must
intervened in a domestic dispute before effect an apprehension. In all cases, MP will
and if the disputants are receiving inform unit commanders of domestic
professional counseling. disturbances involving unit personnel.
128 FM 19-10
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FM 19-10 129
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Sometimes the victim is a substitute target for investigators to begin investigating the
for the rapist’s anger against women as a offense. Leading or sexually explicit
group or even society itself. MP actions questions are not asked. The MP at the crime
in rape investigations must accord with scene learns from the victim exactly what
FM 19-20. took place and where. The victim is asked if
she knows the offender, if she can describe
MP know that rape is both an emotional the offender, and if she knows where the
and a physical assault. The emotional shock offender is or can be located.
of rape often does greater harm to the victim
than does the actual physical assault. Rape The rape victim will relate to the incident
victims may show fear, anxiety, anger, and more freely if only one person is present
shock, both physically and verbally; victims during the initial interview. Tact,
may laugh, cry, or shake while discussing compassion, and patience is used or the
the offense. Or they may appear controlled interview will fail. And more importantly,
and calm, hiding their inner feelings. the victim may suffer emotionally. If the
victim is made to feel guilty of the crime, the
Physical shock, exhaustion, or even strict psychological damage may be significant.
self-discipline may cause a victim to seem
calm and composed. But fear is present in all Once enough information has been
victims. Fear may last for hours or for obtained to start processing the scene, MP
months, depending on the victim and the escort the victim to the nearest facility for
ordeal she has experienced. The victim may medical treatment and a thorough
have been threatened or come close to death. examination. Under no circumstances is the
A victim may fear that the rapist knows her victim left alone. The MP remains with the
name and address and may harm her in the victim until he or she is released to the
future. USACIDC investigator.
Medical personnel are to preserve clothing
MP ENCOUNTER AND AID VICTIMS and other items for evidence examination.
When MP encounter rape victims they The examining physician is advised of the
react quickly to ensure the emotional and areas of interest in the case and the evidence
physical well-being of the victim. They check samples needed for the investigation.
the physical condition of the victim. They
must establish rapport with the victim. They MP TURN CASE OVER TO USACIDC
are aware of the victim’s fears and know INVESTIGATORS
how to lessen them. The MP’s initial actions
set the stage for the investigation and the When the victim is emotionally prepared, a
subsequent recovery of the victim. MP know follow-up interview is conducted by a
that victims treated in a callous, indifferent, USACIDC investigator. The USACIDC
disbelieving manner can undergo difficult investigator will investigate all rape claims
and lengthy recovery periods. thoroughly and objectively. Rape claims are
never assumed to be false.
The victim is told what is being done and The USACIDC investigator is told of all
why. The MP informs the victim of the MP who have had contact with the victim.
evidence procedures that must be followed The investigator will want to interview
until the investigator arrives. The MP makes them. The MP observations of the victim’s
sure the victim knows that taking a shower emotional state, the condition of her
is not allowed until after the physical exam. clothing, and the circumstances surrounding
The initial interview with the victim is the crime can be important both to the
brief. The role of the MP conducting the investigation and to the future prosecution
interview is to gather enough information of the offender.
130 FM 19-10
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FM 19-10 131
INVESTIGATIONS
and child care/development personnel will The motives of the source if possible to
report all incidents of suspected child abuse evaluate.
to the installation FACMT or the MP. The The possible witnesses to the incident
report may be received over the phone or in which caused the child’s condition.
person. An MP may be sent to the child’s
home after a report has been received by Simple verbal reassurance, or a follow-up
another agency. letter which expresses gratitude for the
source having taken the initiative to call,
A report of suspected child abuse or can make the difference in the source’s
neglect is not an accusation. The report itself future willingness to cooperate.
does not prove the existence of child abuse
and neglect. But neither are reports from Witnesses to actual incidents of child
questionable sources necessarily invalid. All abuse and neglect are rare. Most incidents
reports of child abuse or neglect must be occur within the confines of the home.
investigated. Sometimes false reports of Outside observers are few. However, there
suspected child abuse and neglect are made are usually persons who can furnish
by angry parents with marital problems, by corroborative evidence of the child’s
quarrelsome family members, by feuding condition, the home situation, or conditions
neighbors, or even by an angry or distressed of family life. Witnesses who are afraid of
child. becoming involved are allowed to express
any concerns they may have about their
If the report is received by the MP desk participation in the investigation.
sergeant, the MP will need to interview the
source in the field. It is often difficult for the SIGNS OF ABUSE
source to make the initial report. MP tell the MP are trained to recognize the physical
source that, if requested, statements made in
connection with a particular case of alleged effects of child abuse and neglect. When MP
child maltreatment will be kept confidential encounter injured or disturbed children, MP
under the provisions of AR 340-21. note if the condition could be the result of
Statements made by sources will be marked parental behavior. MP are alert to physical
injuries like disfigurement, burns, broken
“confidential” in all case records. MP bones, bites, lacerations, or bruises that may
attempt to obtain information from the indicate cases of child abuse. They know
source: that unsanitary living conditions,
The date and time the reported incident inadequate food, untreated illnesses, and
was received. inadequate clothing and shelter often mean
The source’s name, telephone number, parents or guardians are not providing
and address if he/she is present and adequate care for a child. MP act
willing to provide this information. immediately to protect children whose
The type of source (for example, physical or mental health and welfare has
mandatory, permissive, anonymous). been threatened or harmed by the persons
responsible for the child’s welfare.
The relationship of the source to the child
and family. As protectors of the military community,
The willingness of the source to share MP are concerned with the physical and
with the family his/her role in initiating emotional well-being of dependent children.
the report, and his/her willingness to At all times MP patrols—
participate in the assessment process if Respond immediately to a reported
appropriate. incident of child abuse and neglect.
The action taken by the source or others Report cases of suspected child abuse or
including whether or not the child has neglect to the PM or appropriate civilian
been placed in protective custody. authorities.
132 FM 19-10
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Take immediate action to protect a child Whether or not further police action is
in danger of further maltreatment. required by MPI or USACIDC.
Investigate allegations of child abuse or Whether or not the case should be referred
neglect and suspect conditions noted in to FACMT in accordance with AR 608-1.
the course of other investigations. If the case is based on a false report and
no further action is indicated.
INVESTIGATION OF SUSPECTED Deciding whether or not a child is safe in
ABUSE the home is the most crucial step in the
investigation. This decision can be reached
The primary concern of the MP, when through a review of past parental behavior,
investigating cases of child abuse and statements, and behaviors during an
neglect, is the protection of the child. To investigative interview, or from reports by
protect the child, MP must ensure the others who know the family. If the child is in
investigation determines— imminent danger, the investigator must
Whether or not child abuse or neglect is take whatever steps are necessary to ensure
occurring. the child’s safety before proceeding with the
investigation.
Whether or not the child is at risk in the
home. In determining if protective custody is
Whether or not immediate intervention is necessary, the investigator considers
necessary to ensure the child’s safety. whether or not—
Maltreatment in the home, present or
Once this immediate concern has been potential, is such that a child could suffer
addressed, the investigator must then permanent damage to body or mind if left
determine— there.
FM 19-10 133
INVESTIGATIONS
The child is in immediate need of medical To conduct an effective investigation, MP
or psychiatric care and the parents refuse or responding agents will need to visit the
to obtain it. home, see the child, interview the parents,
The child’s sex, age, or physical or mental and collect evidence. Two types of
condition renders the child incapable of information need to be gathered in order to
self-protection—or for some reason corroborate or dismiss a report. Primary
constitutes a characteristic the parents information includes records of the
find completely intolerable. investigators’ interviews and their
observations, photographs, and physical
Evidence suggests that parental anger evidence. Background information is that
and discomfort with the investigation will which has been gathered from collateral
be directed toward the child in the form of sources such as medical records, school
severe retaliation against him or her. records, and other agency records.
Evidence suggests that the parent or A routine check of the family is the first
parents are so out of touch with reality step after receipt of the report. This check
that they cannot provide for the child’s may include internal departmental records,
basic needs. court records, or FACMT records. In some
Evidence suggests that the parent or areas central registers of reports of actual or
parents’ physical condition poses a threat suspected child abuse and neglect are
to the child. maintained, often on a statewide basis.
The family has a history of hiding the These central registers may be accessed
child from outsiders. directly by the law enforcement agency itself
or, in some jurisdictions, indirectly through
The family has a history of prior incidents the local FACMT.
or allegations of abuse or neglect. Information which may be revealed
The parents are completely unwilling to through a records check includes—
cooperate in the investigation or to
maintain contact with any social agency Prior reports of suspected child abuse and
and may flee the jurisdiction. neglect for this family and the outcome of
those reports.
The parent or parents may abandon the Services being provided to the family
child. because of a previous report.
If the investigator decides to place a Information on the informant’s reliability
seriously abused child in protective custody, based on any prior reports.
the FACMT will be notified immediately. Evidence of child abuse and neglect may
The child is immediately taken to the instal- include the investigating officer’s obser-
lation medical facility for examination. The vations, photographic evidence, and
child will remain in the medical facility for physical evidence. All evidence is important.
observation while the FACMT simultaneously Hearsay evidence can be of value to a social
acts on the case. If the child is not in agency in its subsequent efforts to serve the
imminent danger, then the decision to family. Such evidence may even be
remove the child from the home should be admissible in later court actions. The MP or
made jointly by the investigating officer and responding agent concentrates on
the FACMT. obtaining—
If grounds exist for temporary removal of The name, age, sex, ethnic background,
the child from the home, the SJA must be and permanent address of the child.
consulted while the MP or responding agent Present location of the child and location
remains at the scene until further guidance where incidents occurred if different from
is received. permanent address.
134 FM 19-10
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FM 19-10 135
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136 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
defiance, shock, confusion, love, jealousy, or most serious cases. The purpose of
anger apparent? Is the child ready to tell the prosecution is to establish the guilt of and
truth, lie, or exaggerate? The interviewer impose punishment upon the person
must attempt to gain the child’s confidence. responsible for an incident of child abuse or
The interviewer must act as a friend to the neglect. Unsuccessful prosecution may
child rather than as a figure of authority. result in increased risk for the child. An
The interviewer must not take sides against angry or disturbed parent may view a
the parents. The interviewer must conduct verdict of “not guilty“ as approval of his or
the interview in language the child clearly her conduct or as a license to continue
understands. The interviewer must permit maltreatment.
the child to tell about incidents in his or her
own way. The child must not be pressed for There are times when apprehension of the
details that he or she may be unwilling or parent, guardian, or caretaker is necessary.
unable to give. Questions are limited to An apprehension may be made immediately,
necessary information. Open-ended particularly when the incident is severe. Or
questions are asked whenever possible. The it may be delayed, pending consultation with
interviewer will tell the child what will FACMT and others. An apprehension may
happen next and how the investigator will be made when injury to the child is severe or
use the information the child has given. The evidence exists that a serious crime has been
interviewer will inform an adolescent when committed. When there is reason to believe
a “person in need of supervision” petition or that the parent, guardian, or caretaker will
a similar order is necessary. flee the jurisdiction, he or she may be
apprehended. An apprehension may be
Prosecution made when it is necessary to preserve the
peace or when the person believed
Prosecution of persons who abuse or responsible presents an immediate danger to
neglect children can be difficult in all but the others.
FM 19-10 137
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138 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
MP do not diagnose injuries and diseases. those used for other offenders. MP must
However, they must be alert for unusual consider that the individuals may be less
symptoms and know that illness and other aware of their constitutional rights and may
abnormalities may appear as intoxication. not fully understand when rights are read to
Local medical facilities can train MP in how them. The police role is to initially interview
to recognize and react to people with the subject, gather evidence, and complete
abnormal symptoms. an objective investigation of the incident.
When MP encounter a person who has had Legal and medical authorities must then
an accident where the possibility of a head determine the individual’s level of
injury exists, or if an individual carries a responsibility and competence.
medical alert notice, or where doubt exists MP immediately notify parents,
over the person’s condition, examination by guardians, or next of kin of those people with
medical personnel must be immediately abnormal behavior who must be removed
requested. Because it is often difficult to from the scene of an incident or placed under
distinguish between the behavior and apprehension. If the individual has
confusion caused by alcohol or drugs and committed a criminal offense, the parents,
that caused by injury or illness, all guardian, or next of kin are read the rights
apparently intoxicated personnel are warning statement and notified of the
watched for other symptoms. charges. The parents, guardians, or next of
If the person has to be apprehended there kin must also be present during interviews
must be a sufficient number of MP to and interrogations. They may be able to
restrain the individual. The procedures for furnish important background information
searching and restraining do not differ from on the individual.
FM 19-10 139
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140 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 14
Criminal Investigations
FM 19-10 141
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142 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
FM 19-10 143
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144 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
calendar year is covered in the ledger, the When evidence is temporarily released or
front cover reflects this information. After custody changed, it is accompanied by a
the last entry in the ledger for a calendar carefully completed DA Form 4137 (for
year, a statement identifying all documents directions see FM 19-20 and AR 195-5). The
contained in it is entered. (For example, original DA Form 4137 goes with the
“This ledger pertains to custody documents evidence. A copy of the form is placed in the
001 through 432 for calendar year 1987.”) suspense file when the item of evidence and
The initial entry for the next year goes on the the original DA Form 4137 are temporarily
next page. released.
DISPOSING OF EVIDENCE
The evidence custodian is responsible for forwarded to the SJA of the commander
the disposition of evidence. He maintains exercising jurisdiction in the case.
continued and open communication with the If the SJA says the evidence must be held
supervisor and the SJA to ensure timely for further adjudication, the final disposal
disposition of evidence. Consulting with the authority portion of DA Form 4137 is not
MP or special agent for pertinent completed. A brief memorandum for record
information can assist in the timely giving the reason for retaining the evidence
disposition of evidence. If the SJA appoints is written and attached to DA Form 4137.
his chief of military justice as the point of
contact, plans are discussed with him. His If DA Form 4137 must be mailed to the
assistance is requested in making timely SJA, a letter or DA Form 2496 (Disposition
disposition of all evidence. Form) is substituted containing sufficient
To ensure prompt disposition of evidence, information for the SJA to render a decision.
a suspense system can be established as an The return correspondence indicating
internal management tool. The US Army disposition approval is attached to the
Criminal Investigation Laboratory original DA Form 4137 for file at USACRC.
(USACIL), adjudication, and pending If an item of evidence is made a permanent
disposition suspense files must be part of the record of trial, the trial counsel
maintained. Other suspense files may be coordinates this action with the evidence
used, such as “Hold for Appellate Review,” custodian so that DA Form 4137 can be
when the SJA advises that this requirement properly, annotated.
exists. There can be many variations to suit
the needs of your particular evidence DISPOSITION OF UNNEEDED
depository operation. EVIDENCE AND NONEVIDENCE
DA Form 4833 can be used to assist in Evidence connected with an investigation
timely disposition of evidence (AR 190-45 in which no subject has been identified may
contains additional information). If final be disposed of three months after completion
action has not been accomplished, the form of the investigation without SJA approval.
may be placed in suspense for 15 to 30 days. Consideration must be given to serious
This simple method has proved an effective crimes when the probability exists that a
follow-up to ensure timely disposition of subject may be identified. If a need to dispose
evidence. of the evidence in less than three months is
When it has been determined that final determined, the SJA must approve the
administrative or judicial action has been action. In either case, the supervisor must
taken in a known subject case, the original approve the disposal and complete the final
custody document is handcarried or disposal authority section of DA Form 4137.
FM 19-10 145
161-016 O-94-10
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146 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
FM 19-10 147
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forensic analysis. Evidence consumed treated as any other original exhibit. It will
through field testing must be appropriately be submitted to the USACRC along with the
deducted from DA Form 4137 by annotating final ROI/MPR or other supplemental
the chain of custody section to reflect information. When the final report and all
disposition of the quantity consumed. In other supplemental information has been
most instances the quantity consumed is forwarded to the USACRC before closing the
estimated, or stated as “a few particles” if DA Form 4137, the DA Form 4137 is
that is the case. forwarded to USACRC as a single exhibit
USACIDC Form 36 (Field Test Results) without a letter of transmittal. The
provides a record for field test results of USACIDC ROI number or USACRC report
nonnarcotic controlled substances. This number, as applicable, must be reflected on
form is prepared and signed by the person the form when forwarded as a separate
conducting the field test. The test results are exhibit. The first copy of the form will be
provided orally to the action commander as retained with the local file copy of the
soon as possible in addition to a copy of pertinent ROI or MPR and destroyed with
USACIDC Form 36. Copies are attached as the report. If the original DA Form 4137 is
an exhibit and the original is retained and entered in the record of trial as a permanent
ultimately forwarded to USACRC. part thereof, accompanies evidence released
When definitive guidance cannot be found to an external agency, or is not available for
in AR 195-5 or AR 190-22, the SJA is con- any other reason, a copy from the suspense
sulted for guidance. It is the responsibility of copy is made and substituted as the
the SJA to complete the final disposal action USACRC copy. A notation reflecting the
section of DA Form 4137. disposition of the original will be made on
the reproduced copy forwarded to USACRC.
FINAL DISPOSITION OF When DA Form 4137 pertains to items not
DA FORM 4137 connected with incidents or when a report is
After all items of evidence listed on a not forwarded to the USACRC, DA Form
particular DA Form 4137 have been properly 4137 will be maintained in the local
disposed of, the original and first copy of the investigative case file to which it pertains
form are placed in the case file to which they until the file is disposed of in accordance
pertain. The original DA Form 4137 will be with AR 25-400-2.
148 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
progress report is initiated and dispatched to coordination has been accomplished, the
the commander of the suspect/subject on the MPIS ensures the final report is prepared.
day the investigation becomes three days old The MPIS checks the final report for content
(counted from the date it was reported in the and errors. When all investigative leads
MP blotter and the MP report number was have been exhausted and no subject has
assigned). The MPIS ensures that additional been identified, an administrative closing is
progress reports are completed and initiated appropriate until further leads are
every 45 days thereafter until the case is developed. All MPISs review the case and
finalized. The MPIS ensures that all MP note their approval on the case log and the
reporting files/investigations are safe- police report.
guarded against illegal disclosures. The
MPIS also updates suspect’s commander Supervisors of MP investigation sections
and supervisor as necessary during the should continually check on the quality of
investigation. The MPIS supervises the the performance of their investigators to
investigators and provides technical and ensure that the MPI mission is being
administrative guidance as needed effectively accomplished. An excellent
example of a quality control method is
throughout the investigation. The MPIS outlined in FM 19-20. Other methods that
makes all proper notification and assists the could be employed are observations of
investigators in preparing for judicial interview situations through two-way
proceedings. mirrors, critiques of statements as they are
Once a subject has been identified, all obtained, and examination of statements
leads have been exhausted, and SJA during the final case review stage.
FM 19-10 149
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150 FM 19-10
CHAPTER 15
Investigative Means and Measures
FM 19-10 151
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At investigator level, data are planned and Criminal intelligence must be accurate
collected for input to the criminal intelli- and relevant. Usually the investigator who
gence system. Collecting criminal collects the details is most able to assess the
intelligence is a continual duty of all reliability of his or her source. That
investigators, not just those assigned investigator can determine reliability by
directly to a criminal intelligence section. recalling past experience with that source, as
The investigator is the key to a successful well as comparing the data with that
collection effort. The investigator is usually gathered from other overt or covert sources.
the person in direct contact with local But even when the reliability of a source or
human sources of criminal intelligence. accuracy of the criminal intelligence
During daily activities the investigator looks collected is questioned, it is not considered
for EECI and OCIRs. He does this useless. It is reported. The immediate need
continuously and aggressively. Although for an item of criminal intelligence may not
priority is placed on EECI needs, he must be seen. But this does not mean that item is
not overlook other useful criminal not of value.
intelligence.
Higher USACIDC levels, having wider
The local criminal intelligence coordinator sources of criminal intelligence than lower
helps the investigator sift, sort, review, and levels, may assess the accuracy and
analyze data. Sources of criminal intelli- usefulness of an item of data by comparing it
gence are developed. Criminal intelligence is with a variety of other known data and
gathered from both overt and covert sources. circumstances. When seemingly useless bits
Overt sources may be citizens, workers in of criminal intelligence are fitted together,
private and government agencies, members the many separate bits may, like jigsaw
of police agencies, and unit commanders. puzzle pieces, form a recognizable picture.
Postal workers, news media, phone books, The criminal intelligence collected on every
and public records are also good, overt new case must be coordinated with the
sources of criminal intelligence. Covert criminal intelligence center.
sources include criminal elements willing to
be sources and surveillant and undercover To bring together collected data to decide
investigators. Development of sources of their importance and relation to other
criminal intelligence is limited only by the criminal intelligence, data must be collated
imagination of the investigator. and analyzed. The data must be combined
with other related data and then analyzed to
After data have been collected, collated, allow sound theories and judgments to be
derived. The analysis of criminal
and analyzed, they must be reported. intelligence can be done at the same time as
Because some data being reported are collation. The same data may be analyzed
sensitive, criminal intelligence is usually many times and by a variety of methods.
reported on USACIDC Form 97 (Criminal The methods of statistical, system,
Intelligence Report). Reports are tailored to computer, or operational research analysis
the needs of the main user. Positive may be used. However, when an analysis is
information is given. Reports are prepared done at any level of command, it is done to
objectively. Conclusions drawn from the see if a pattern can be shown and to see if
data are included in the report. After the more data are needed. An analysis also
reported information is further analyzed at serves as a tool to reevaluate collection
higher levels, criminal intelligence is plans.
disseminated back to local levels. The
criminal intelligence is disseminated to Reevaluation is the final stage of the
reach the principal user—the local criminal intelligence process. It is a review
investigator. at all levels of the potential use and benefit
152 FM 19-10
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FM 19-10 153
INVESTIGATIONS
attitudes must precede the development of Investigators listen to their stories. They
communications skills. check what the people say in relation to the
Interviews and interrogations are an known facts. Then they take the necessary
investigator’s means of obtaining criminal action.
intelligence from or about persons connected Procedures for preparing, planning, and
with an incident. Investigators interview conducting interviews and interrogations
persons who they believe are willing to give are found in FM 19-20.
information about a case. In an interview
they help people give, in their own manner Every investigation involves the
and words, their account of the matter. After gathering of evidence, both physical and
they give their account, the investigator testimonial. The collection and evaluation of
reviews it with them to be clear on key physical evidence is an important part of the
points. Or the investigator asks questions MPI’s job. However, without interpersonal
to have them clearly explain matters not communication, the items of physical
covered before, depending on the elements evidence have little or no practical value. It
of the offense under investigation. is through communication with other
Investigators may have to question a individuals that background data, giving
number of people to get the criminal evidence meaning, are obtained. Therefore,
intelligence needed. They may need to it is important that MPIs become effective
question people who know a victim, a communicators. The military investigators
suspect, or a witness. These people can help will find that a heavy percentage of the work
investigators understand the reasons and load will be directly related to the gathering,
actions of those involved in an incident they evaluating, and recording of criminal
are investigating. These interviews, often intelligence resulting from interviews and
conducted in the office, home, or place of interrogations. The questioning of suspects,
business of the person being interviewed, witnesses, complainants, victims, and
rarely result in an interrogation. informants is the investigative procedure
Investigators interrogate only persons most frequently used by police officers. As a
suspected of having committed or helped result of these activities, the investigative
commit an offense, or persons believed to be supervisor will find that the majority of the
withholding criminal intelligence about an work load will consist of evaluating
offense. In an interrogation investigators interview and interrogation results.
rigorously question persons unwilling to
give the criminal intelligence they are It is essential to the investigative process
seeking. They avoid interrogating anyone that the MPI supervisor ensures that during
who can be successfully interviewed. and immediately following an interview,
MPI personnel strive to evaluate the
Investigators may find that some persons individual interviewed, any criminal
questioned are only “distracters.” They have intelligence obtained, and the investigator’s
no real connection with the crime, but they performance. These evaluation steps must be
seek to present criminal intelligence. They accomplished to ensure that complete and
may be publicity seekers who say they accurate reports are subsequently written.
witnessed the crime. Or they may be For example, the number of false com-
emotionally disturbed persons claiming plaints, especially in cases of sex crimes, is
involvement in the crime. Despite the very high; victims of thefts often exaggerate;
distraction these people create, investigators homosexuals will, at times, name other
should not ignore them. Investigators must homosexuals with whom they have had
make every effort to handle these persons so contact or nonhomosexuals whom they
that neither the investigation nor the dislike for another reason. Eyewitness
reputation of the armed forces suffers. accounts are frequently not reliable, and no
154 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
two witnesses are likely to give the same their investigators and that all necessary
account of an incident. If they do, the criminal intelligence relating to the
investigator should scrutinize the investigation is being obtained. Therefore, it
information carefully and make certain that is important that MPIs and their supervisors
deception has not occurred. The investigator know how to effectively conduct themselves
who is conscientious about improving his or in interview and interrogation situations
her ability to interview persons successfully and how to evaluate the criminal
evaluates performance during and after each intelligence obtained.
interview or interrogation. An evaluation A criminal surprised and apprehended in
should include approach, manner, and the act of committing a crime is sometimes
success of the interview. This procedure is interviewed at the scene while still under
particularly necessary when the investigator considerable emotional strain. Properly
has been successful in obtaining from the handled, this interview may often produce
individual all the criminal intelligence that an admission or confession that will help to
was believed to be available. When a suspect establish the guilt of the criminal and other
confesses and a written statement has been accomplices. These instances, however, are
completed, it can be of great assistance in rare. Normally the interview is conducted at
engaging the suspect in casual conversation the MP investigation section, either in an
and asking him what was said or done that interrogation room or in individual
caused him to confess. Through use of such investigative offices, where the emotional
means, the investigator can improve feelings of guilt have to be cultivated by the
knowledge and techniques each time an investigator using established techniques.
interview is conducted. The proper environment for this type of
Not only does the investigator have an interview is just as essential as the skills of
enormous responsibility, but the investi- the investigator. (Refer to FM 19-20 for
gative supervisor must assure that the complete discussion of interviews and
procedures are being effectively applied by interrogations.)
FM 19-10 155
INVESTIGATIONS
156 FM 19-10
INVESTIGATIONS
the crime, and to identify persons involved On occasion, it may be advantageous for
in the crime. Probable cause can be the covert investigator to use public
developed by the investigator so that transportation such as buses, trains, taxis,
apprehension warrants and search warrants or subways. However, during most covert
can be obtained when necessary. investigations, the investigator is provided a
The first step in the planning process for a vehicle of some type. The means of
covert operation is to determine if a covert transportation chosen is tailored to the
operation is needed. The needs may be selected cover identity of the investigator as
identified through a number of actions such well as the nature of the operation. The type
as— vehicle chosen will vary according to the
operation.
Criminal intelligence.
Liaison with other agencies. Weapons are carried by a covert
investigator when there is imminent danger
Observations. or if an apprehension might be necessary. If
Crime prevention. an investigator is to carry a weapon, it is a
Statistics. nonstandard issue-type weapon.
Liaison is a must when coordinating a The carrying of any type of illegal weapon,
covert operation. If relationships are bad, it such as a switchblade knife, by a covert
will be difficult to obtain good results from investigator is not authorized without prior
the operation. A covert operation, in most approval. Prior approval must be obtained in
cases, requires coordination with the SJA, writing from appropriate military or civil
federal investigative agencies, and civil authorities or both.
authorities. An investigator must be provided
The number of investigators required for a communication equipment and a point of
covert operation must be determined. A contact. At a minimum, the investigator
covert operation may last for a long period of must be provided a telephone and a 24-hour
time. Therefore, investigators selected must contact point, preferably another
not be scheduled for PCS, TDY, or to go on investigator or supervisor. The investigator
leave. does not go through official channels such as
FM 19-10 157
INVESTIGATIONS
the MP desk sergeant unless it is an the truth. The investigator must never admit
emergency. to the criminal element to being an MP.
An investigator must keep his background Once a background story is presented to
story as close as possible to his actual the criminal element, it is not unusual for the
history. This makes it easier for the criminal element to check out the story. The
investigator to remember the background investigator must ensure that data are
story, and it also prevents mistakes that maintained in offices where the background
might occur. story might be checked.
The investigator must memorize his If apprehended, the investigator must
background story to prevent the story from have specific instructions on what to do. The
changing if questioned by different members investigator never identifies himself as an
of the criminal element. An investigator MP in the apprehension unless there is
must assume that criminals will try to trick reason to believe that he will be hurt by the
him to find out if he is the person he claims authorities. Once at the jail, the investigator
to be. An investigator must always must tell the jailer that he is a covert
anticipate questions that the criminal investigator. The investigator must know of
element might ask. The criminal element a name of a police official, other than the
will ask questions, knowing the correct police chief, whom the jailer might
answers, to see if the investigator is telling recognize.
158 FM 19-10
PART FOUR
CONFINEMENT OF US MILITARY PRISONERS
The Military Police Corps’ role in the carry out Army policy by ensuring that
confinement of US military prisoners is an persons held in Army custody are accorded
integral part of the MP law and order humane care and treatment. The means,
mission. MP confinement operations assist methods, and facilities used to carry out this
in maintaining discipline and unit strength. operation differ with the environment. But
The confinement of soldiers who transgress the MP’s just exercise of custody and control
the laws and regulations of the military helps and their humane treatment of prisoners
commanders ensure that discipline is upheld. remains a constant.
MP are responsible for the confinement of Military police participation in the Army’s
US military prisoners in both wartime and confinement and correctional system—
peacetime environments.
Assists the commander in maintaining
Military police detain, confine, protect, and good order and discipline in the armed
sustain US military prisoners. MP evacuate forces.
prisoners when it is necessary. MP play a
major role in the Army’s correctional system Promotes efficiency and effectiveness in
for US military prisoners. From detention to the military criminal justice establishment.
confinement and correctional treatment, MP Strengthens the national security of the US.
FM 19-10 159
CHAPTER 16
Field Confinement of US Military Prisoners
160 FM 19-10
CONFINEMENT OF US MILITARY PRISONERS
Either a team or a squad can operate an Corps Officer, who also conducts periodic
FDF, A team operating a detention facility inspections.
may organize so that the team leader Plans for establishing an FDF should
controls the operation and spells the guards, include the following list of equipment and
and the other team members perform guard supplies which represents minimum
duty in alternating 12-hour shifts. When requirements:
operating an FDF, MP sign a receipt for each Barbed wire—roll.
prisoner on DD Form 629 and for the
prisoner’s property on DA Form 4137. Barbed wire—concertina.
Policies and procedures on the care and Fence posts.
treatment of prisoners and the safeguarding Gates and doors.
of the prisoners’ personal effects apply to Floodlights and spotlights, complete with
FDFs to the same extent that they apply to wiring.
other Army confinement facilities. The
physical criteria for housing the facility in Emergency generator.
permanent and temporary structures are Mess equipment and equipment for
basically similar. Maximum use should be cleaning mess gear.
made of existing structures to house Water cans and/or lister bag.
confinement facilities. If a tent is used, it Typewriters.
should not be smaller than the general
purpose medium tent. Field expedient First aid equipment and supplies.
facilities must be approved by the Medical Spare clothing and bedding.
Convicted US military prisoners are an FCF. FCFs are used to hold soldiers in
usually only held for a short time in a theater custody only until they can be evacuated to a
of operations. Then they are evacuated for correctional facility. An FCF can be a
correctional treatment out of theater. temporary, semipermanent, or permanent
However, they can be confined in theater if structure located in the COMMZ. Policies
circumstances warrant. and procedures on the care and treatment of
prisoners and the safeguarding of prisoners’
An FCF is maintained within the theater personal effects apply to FCFs to the same
of operations when the prisoner population extent that they apply to Army confinement
requires it, the distance to CONUS is too facilities in peacetime environments.
great, or the lack of transportation to
evacuate prisoners to CONUS demands it. A Although conditions within an FCF may
separate MP confinement battalion is be austere, military prisoners of the US
assigned to the Personnel Command forces are given the benefit of shelter and
(PERSCOM) to support the theater of sustenance like that provided duty soldiers
operation’s confinement of US military in the area of operations. The MP
prisoners. It provides the theater with confinement battalion commander selects
trained confinement personnel. And it the general location of the confinement
provides a place capable of handling 1,500 facility. The battalion commander must
US military prisoners. ensure the location of an FCF is not adjacent
to the base perimeter, ammunition supply
Military police temporarily confine point, or any other area where the safety of
soldiers in custody in tactical situations in the prisoners is imperiled.
FM 19-10 161
161-016 O–94-11
CONFINEMENT OF US MILITARY PRISONERS
EXPEDITING DISPOSITION
The command PM seeks to expedite
actions involving military prisoners in
pretrial confinement as well as those who
have been sentenced. Coordination with the
USACIDC field element is undertaken to
prioritize and expedite investigations on
those persons held in pretrial confinement.
And continuing coordination with Corps
Support Command administrative services
elements and transportation elements is
necessary. When possible, prompt action is
taken to ensure sentenced prisoners are
expeditiously evacuated to the rear. Military
prisoners are moved from corps detention
facilities through the COMMZ confinement
facility to confinement and correctional
facilities in CONUS with a minimum of
delay. The confinement facility commander,
if one is required in a COMMZ, coordinates
with the Assistant Chief of Staff,
PERSCOM, to ensure prompt administra-
tive action. Assets of the Transportation
Command must be requested to support
movement of military prisoners from corps
to COMMZ and from COMMZ to CONUS.
Coordination is made with TAACOM
elements to provide subsistence for those
military prisoners kept within a COMMZ for
brief periods. Close and continuous
coordination is maintained between the PM
and the Commander, Medical Command.
This facilitates the security and segregation
of military prisoners undergoing medical
treatment or being evacuated through
medical channels.
162 FM 19-10
CONFINEMENT OF US MILITARY PRISONERS
FM 19-10 163
CHAPTER 17
Installation Confinement and US Army Correctional Facilities
164 FM 19-10
CONFINEMENT OF US MILITARY PRISONERS
valid DD Form 497 (Confinement Order) or a prisoners when they are released from
report of the result of a trial. Specific confinement.
procedures for pretrial restraint and pretrial Installation PMs are responsible for staff
confinement can be found in the MCM Rules supervision of the operation and
for Courts-Martial 304 and 305 and local administration of ICFS. They also are
supplements to AR 27-10. responsible for the custody and control of
prisoners confined in hospitalized-prisoner
The staffs at ICFS provide administrative wards. The installation PM guides and
services, custodial supervision, and limited assists the facility commander and his staff
counseling. Other important ICF functions in training the prisoners and the staff,
include screening prisoners for transfer to implementing emergency plans, and
another facility, processing prisoners whose obtaining people, equipment, and supplies to
adjudged punitive discharge is ordered, and operate the facility. The installation PM also
coordinating with the installation Adjutant is responsible for ensuring that prisoners
General (AG) for the reassignment of receive proper medical care.
FM 19-10 165
CONFINEMENT OF US MILITARY PRISONERS
ICFs are arranged with the primary goal an interservice support agreement (ISA). It
of safely controlling detainees and prisoners. is based on the particular needs of the
Special consideration is given to cells and services in the area the facility serves. The
living quarters, fire protection devices, and rules, regulations, laws, and procedures that
locking devices. ICFs must meet specific apply to the confinement of Army prisoners
requirements for location, site, and the also apply to the confinement of members of
amount of space allotted for confinement the other services. (See FM 19-60 for a
areas in which prisoners are quartered. The complete discussion of ICFs.)
inmate population is segregated into
detainees, enlisted prisoners, and officer When access to an ICF is not available,
prisoners. Each group is further segregated military prisoners may be temporarily
by sex. Workshops and recreation areas are confined in federally approved local, county
constructed in facilities large enough to or city jails or in MP detention cells. For a
accommodate them. All ICFs must meet the detailed discussion of temporary confine-
physical requirements for the confinement of ment of military prisoners, see AR 190-47.
both sexes (see AR 190-47 for details).
In a peacetime environment PMs of
Usually the prisoner capacity of a facility tactical units tenanted on an installation
is based on 1 percent of the troop strength of (refer to FM 19-60 for configuration
the area being served. In some cases, the information/requirements) exercise staff
prisoner population of a facility may be very supervision over confinement facilities that
small, or the size, location, or troop strength are set up by the units in the field. When in
of an installation may not warrant a facility. garrison and when facilities are provided by
Under such circumstances and when the the installation on which the tactical unit is
installation commander so decides, stationed, tactical unit PMs advise their
prisoners of one service may be confined in commanders and staffs on current policies
confinement facilities operated by another and procedures pertaining to prisoners.
service. The services coordinate a local Tactical unit PMs also maintain liaison with
written agreement. The agreement is called the installation PM.
166 FM 19-10
PART FIVE
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
Terrorists employ the calculated use of Terrorism can be a means for a nation to
violence or threat of violence to attain project power. Terrorism may be used to
political, religious, or ideological goals. exhaust or deplete another nation’s will or the
Because military personnel and military resources of its armed forces. Terrorism,
police serve as protectors of society, terrorists when used to cause governments to react
consider them to be their adversaries. repressively, can foment feelings of hatred
Terrorists believe successful attacks against toward government leaders and institutions.
military targets show the vulnerability of the The structure of most terrorist groups
established society. They also believe prevents intelligence sources from
successful attacks help show terrorism to be a infiltrating. But it is known that terrorist
means of effective change. Throughout the cadres often carry out orders from higher
world the MP endeavor to ensure that US level leaders. And the groups are often
Army personnel and facilities are perceived maintained by strong political support.
as undesirable targets. Terrorist groups are capable of diverting
Terrorists are extremely dedicated and resources and disrupting the operations of
must not be underrated. They are formidable government agencies using only a few
adversaries. The use of terrorist tactics persons and small amounts of equipment. In
worldwide has increased over the years, and time of war, it is expected that these groups
this upward trend is not expected to abate in will use their skills, resources, and terror
the near future. Terrorists are becoming more tactics to further their objectives.
daring, ruthless, and willing to go to violent The MP role in terrorism counteraction is
extremes to accomplish their goals. clear: prevent when possible, respond and
Terrorists prefer operations that have a high resolve when required. In both peace and war
probability of success and escape. But terrorists MP deter, deny, detect, delay, and respond to
may choose a hardened, well-defended target, terrorist attacks. On the battlefield MP help
especially if success is likely and if they protect units and facilities against the Level I
can justify the end result as worth the risk. threat of spies, saboteurs, terrorists, and
Terrorist groups have active cadres who enemy forces as part of their area security
train other terrorists. These trainers mission. (See FM 19-4 for details on MP
emphasize tactics that have been proven terrorism counteraction on the battlefield.)
successful. Terrorists reconnoiter and In peacetime MP help protect personnel,
maintain extensive surveillance to gather equipment, and facilities against spies,
detailed intelligence. They plan and rehearse saboteurs, and terrorists as part of their law
their attacks. The trainers teach measures to and order mission. Terrorism always entails
counter response actions and innovations. criminal activity. Terrorist goals are
And as governments take action to counter achieved through intimidation, coercion, and
terrorism, terrorist organizations often alter instilling fear. Terrorist groups often hold
their tactics. hostages or undertake kidnappings to obtain
The many existing terrorist organizations material or political demands. Common
constitute a threat for both peacetime and terrorist tactics include bombings, hijack-
wartime. The probability of terrorism and ings, arson, and ambush. MP undertake
other acts of sabotage and subversion is peacetime terrorism counteraction to help
heightened during periods of hostilities. suppress crime and maintain order.
FM 19-10 167
CHAPTER 18
Planning Terrorism Counteraction
CONTENTS
A t Army installations worldwide, Page
terrorism counteraction is being planned, ANTITERRORISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
practiced, assessed, updated, and carried out. Collecting Intelligence and
Ideally, the total Army community helps Analyzing Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
develop and implement installation plans for Taking Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
terrorism counteraction. And MP are COUNTERTERRORISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
involved extensively. MP help develop and Lead-Agency Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
they can help implement both the Response Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
antiterrorism and the counterterrorism Response Operations Within
components of terrorism counteraction. Host Nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
ANTITERRORISM
Antiterrorism measures are developed to Reviews antiterrorism programs to ensure
reduce vulnerability to terrorist attack. They OPSEC programs and the like developed
are used to prevent or to defend against by other agencies on the installation
terrorist acts. Antiterrorism measures are complement those developed by the PM
used to defend US personnel, equipment, and office.
facilities. They may be used to defend allied Participates in developing memorandums
personnel and facilities, but such use must be of understanding with federal, state, and
specifically requested and approved. MP local law enforcement agencies.
antiterrorism measures include collecting
intelligence, analyzing vulnerabilities, and
taking preventive measures. And MP are COLLECTING INTELLIGENCE AND
active in installation antiterrorism planning. ANALYZING VULNERABILITIES
The PM, his representative, or his staff– Obtaining intelligence and analyzing
Participates in the development and vulnerabilities are prerequisites to planning
periodic update of the installation’s Threat preventive measures. A well-planned,
Assessment. systematic, all-source intelligence program is
Develops the installation’s physical essential to knowing the threat. The role of
security plan and crime prevention plan. intelligence is to identify and quantify the
threat. It also provides a timely evaluation of
Conducts appropriate inspections, terrorist capabilities, tactics, and targets. As
surveys, and vulnerability assessments. knowledge is gained, a threat assessment can
Participates in the overall assessment of begin. All available information is examined
installation vulnerabilities. to develop intelligence indicators of future
Coordinates with USACIDC for personal terrorist activities. Analyzing the threat is an
security vulnerability analysis of high-risk essential step in preventing or reducing
personnel. vulnerability to terrorist acts.
Participates in designating mission Intelligence activities in terrorism
essential vulnerable areas (MEVA) and counteraction are a team effort. Many federal
the orientation of planned protection for agencies are actively involved in countering
these areas. terrorism. These agencies provide technical
168 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
support and evaluation. And they share composite. This permits a commander to see
information. And controlled liaison with what is happening or is about to happen and
civilian and HN police and intelligence to plan accordingly.
agencies is essential. Exchanging Coordination of information among MP
information prevents duplication of effort units, USACIDC area offices, military
and reduces the likelihood of compromising intelligence units, and civilian police
ongoing intelligence collection efforts. agencies is active. In the US, MP and
US Army Intelligence and Security USACIDC field offices exchange infor-
Command (INSCOM) is the lead Army mation and intelligence with installation
agency for Army, foreign, and counter- security and INSCOM elements. Outside the
intelligence activities against terrorism. US, liaison is conducted by MP, USACIDC,
INSCOM coordinates with appropriate US and INSCOM elements with HN and allied
and HN agencies when initiating any law enforcement and intelligence agencies.
intelligence activity. It also provides overall Liaison is conducted in accordance with
direction and coordination for the Army SOFAs. Regardless of locale, any
counterintelligence effort. Local INSCOM information and intelligence exchange
offices provide area coverage at all levels of includes briefing the local commander. And
command. The Intelligence and Threat wherever located, MP elements, in
Analysis Center (ITAC) is an agency of coordination with military intelligence
INSCOM. It disseminates specific threat elements, investigate and report illegal
warnings to applicable commands and terrorist acts against the US Army. They also
activities. Periodic regional threat packets conduct liaison with civilian police agencies
are provided to supported commands and as required.
activities. On request, ITAC provides current
intelligence data on terrorist groups and TAKING PREVENTIVE MEASURES
individuals.
Properly planned preventive measures,
The MP serve as a major source of when resourced and employed, reduce
information in support of terrorism vulnerability to terrorist attack. Vul-
counteraction. Terrorists violate the law nerability assessments identify existing or
when they commit terrorist acts. MP agencies potential conditions conducive to terrorist or
maintain information on known criminal criminal activity. Physical security surveys
incidents within their jurisdiction. (See and inspections, crime prevention surveys,
section on criminal intelligence earlier in personal security surveys for high-risk
text.) This information is of vital interest to personnel, the installation vulnerability
intelligence efforts. MP activities and determination system, and OPSEC surveys
USACIDC units collect and evaluate are among the tools available to installation
criminal intelligence. Local units and higher commanders/staff personnel. They are used
headquarters coordinate the development to determine the vulnerability of installation
and dissemination of information. personnel, equipment, and facilities to
USACIDC disseminates terrorist-related terrorist attack or criminal activity.
information to installation and activity
commanders within the affected area and to The Army’s programs for OPSEC,
INSCOM. personnel protection, and physical security
Successful efforts to counter terrorism are all excellent means for reducing
depend on successfully providing com- vulnerability. Each helps to protect
manders timely, user-specific information of operations, activities, installations, and
the terrorist threat. Integrating information resources from hostile exploitation. But
provided by civilian, military, and maximum benefit from these measures is
governmental agencies produces a gained when all of these programs are
FM 19-10 169
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
implemented in concert. Each of the specially trained personnel. (See the chapter
programs seeks to reduce installation on protective services.) And it includes
vulnerability to criminal or hostile acts. Each protective measures to be taken by the high-
of the programs focuses on a different level of risk persons themselves. These latter
vulnerability or type of risk. Thus the measures help persons decrease their
programs can complement each other. When vulnerability to terrorist attack. Such
all of the programs, goals, objectives, and measures reduce the likelihood of terrorist
requirements are integrated, a synergistic success. And they act as deterrents to
prevention effect is realized. This is the key to terrorist activity.
a strong prevention program. The effect of
the total interaction is far greater than would Physical security measures also protect
be expected of the sum of the parts. and safeguard personnel from terrorist acts.
Physical security programs mesh human
OPSEC denies adversaries information resources and mechanical systems to
about friendly military operations. This prevent unauthorized access to equipment,
denies terrorists information about potential facilities, materiel, and documents. Program
targets. Terrorists select targets that offer the managers plan and evaluate courses of
most opportunity for success. Information action that improve physical security of
passed unknowingly by military personnel quarters, offices, and installation facilities.
and family members is used by terrorists in Physical security programs help deter or
their planning efforts. OPSEC reduces the reduce the chances for successful terrorist
availability of this information. OPSEC attacks. They complement other installation
procedures— programs like crime prevention and OPSEC.
Protect itineraries, travel plans, and (See FM 19-30 for specific measures. See
personnel rosters. AR 500-50 and FM 19-15 for policy and
guidance for the control of terrorist acts in
Eliminate established patterns. civil disturbances.)
Protect building and facility plans,
billeting assignments, and VIP guest lists. Some antiterrorist measures are active
Ensure discussion of classified or sensitive defense measures. Aggressive counter-
information only on National Security surveillance is fundamental to countering
Agency approved, cryptographically terrorism. Persons, and certainly high-risk
secured telephone or radio circuits; for persons, and installation security forces
example, automatic secure voice must be trained to be aware that
communications system. surveillance is possible. They must
understand the need to counter it. They must
Protect personal or family information become able to detect and report it. And
from nonacquaintances. countersurveillance measures and
Coordinate physical security measures to equipment must be available to them. When
protect personnel and prevent gate personnel are equipped with cameras
unauthorized access to equipment, they become a more effective counter-
facilities, materiel, and documents. measure. They can photograph persons or
vehicles suspected of surveilling an
Personnel protection measures help to installation.
protect personnel from criminal and terrorist
acts. Personnel protection programs provide High-visibility deterrent measures can
protective measures. They also create a convince terrorists they will be unable to
threat awareness in people, especially those accomplish their “attack sequence” of
considered high-risk potential targets. surveil, plan, execute, escape. Highly visible
Personnel protection includes protective security forces and aggressive measures can
services provided to high-risk persons by convince terrorists that the security of an
170 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
installation is too effective for them to Providing a high level of security at all
succeed. If terrorists believe they cannot times is costly. Using a random application
succeed, they are not as likely to attack. But of measures and procedures reduces costs.
sometimes a deterrent does not reduce the At the same time, it reduces the
likelihood of attack. Instead, it may only attractiveness of the target. Terrorists
cause the terrorists to change their methods generally want to avoid the unexpected.
or their target. And terrorists deterred from Unpredictable coverage patterns can be
their well-defended primary target may used for guard and security patrols. On a
decide to attack a more lightly defended larger scale, varying an installation’s
target. Use of high-visibility measures operating schedule may be useful. Even just
requires a frequent reassessment of total varying the time, day, and locale of staff
target vulnerability. meetings can be useful.
COUNTERTERRORISM
Counterterrorism measures are under- Develop the special threat plan. The plan
taken to resolve terrorist incidents. Army should include contingency plans to
policy stresses deterrence of terrorist control installation access, response to
incidents through preventive measures. hostage barricade situations, response to
However, when a terrorist incident occurs, bombings, response to arson, and the like.
military resources respond to gain control of Establish and train an SRT.
the incident quickly. MP or security patrols Train selected personnel in protective
on duty at the time of a terrorist incident are services operations as required.
the initial response force. And the PM, his
designated representative, or his staff Serve as a member of the installation’s
should, as a minimum— crisis management team (CMT).
Provide input to the development of the Serve as commander of the installation’s
installation’s crisis management plan. threat management force (TMF).
FM 19-10 171
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
172 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
Installation personnel continue under the local military intelligence elements who, in
direct control of the military even when the turn, forward them to ITAC.
FBI assumes jurisdiction. The military
provides support to the FBI based on RESPONSE OPERATIONS WITHIN
provisions of the DOD and DOJ HOST NATIONS
Memorandum of Understanding. When the In response operations outside the US and
FBI assumes jurisdiction of the incident, its territories and possessions the basic
military personnel continue to support the responsibility lies with the HN. SOFAs,
FBI as needed. Command and control of however, may grant the right (not the
military personnel remains with the responsibility) to US forces to do whatever is
military. necessary to maintain order and security on
The commitment of additional military the installation. US procedures for
forces by the National Command Authority responding to terrorist incidents on the
to resolve the terrorist incident initiates installation are established according to US
phase III. If the FBI has jurisdiction of the and HN law and SOFAs and in coordination
incident, requests for these additional with HN governmental agencies.
resources are accomplished through DOJ The military response on installations
channels in accordance with the outside the US might consist of an initial
Memorandum of Understanding between response by installation law enforcement,
the DOD and DOJ. If military forces are other military resources, and HN law
committed, the secretary of defense directs enforcement agencies. The installation
military operations according to law commander is responsible for the initial
enforcement policies determined by the response to a terrorist incident. Notification
attorney general. If the installation of the incident is made in accordance with
commander retains jurisdiction (no FBI applicable SOFAs and Army regulations. As
involvement), requests for additional a minimum, higher headquarters, the HN,
military forces are accomplished through and the Department of State (country team)
DA channels. are notified. Phase II starts when US
Upon termination of the incident, certain military forces from elsewhere in the country
key military personnel, if requested by the are brought in or HN forces are committed.
FBI, remain at the site to protect the Phase III starts when the HN commits
integrity of the investigative process. specially trained counterterrorist forces.
USACIDC special agents, in conjunction Augmentation by US forces from outside the
with the FBI, collect and process evidence country requires HN consent. Coordination
for possible criminal prosecution. between the US and HN governments is
Investigation results are coordinated with provided by the Department of State.
FM 19-10 173
CHAPTER 19
Protective Services
174 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
likely to be the exception rather than the rule. Activity, USACIDC. But if commitments and
Most installations only require protective availability of resources permit, field
services on a part-time basis. And in some elements may be called upon for advice or
instances, such as when the secretary of planning assistance.
defense visits an area of military
responsibility, a local commander may only Protective services other than those
be requested to support the PS detail that required of USACIDC remain the
accompanies the visiting dignitary. But all responsibility of the installation or area
US Army installations should have commander in whose area a dignitary resides
identified and trained personnel available for or is visiting. The commander of a
protective services when they are needed. geographical area is responsible for the
safety and security of all dignitaries and
Specific missions and responsibilities are high-risk personnel traveling through his
set by the nature of the circumstances. US area. (See AR 190-10.) Traditionally, the
Army conduct of a PS mission is limited, in installation PM is tasked by the commander
part, by HN responsibilities, Department of to provide security for the dignitary. The PM
the Treasury and Department of State tasks his MP investigators to provide
authority, legal and political restrictions, and personal security for the designated persons.
appropriate regulations. Specific response The MPIs, in turn, are usually augmented by
capabilities are limited by the threat, by other MP. MP conducting protective services
availability of resources such as personnel normally report to the PM who, in turn,
and equipment, and by training time. reports to the installation commander.
Sometimes protective services are limited by The commander controls the resources
the personal desires of commanders and used for protective services within areas of
protectees. his military jurisdiction. Funding for
PS operations in the Army are divided into protective services is the responsibility of the
two categories: those conducted by commander who directs his personnel and
USACIDC and those conducted by MP commits his assets to such a mission. The
assigned to a local PM office. Joint Travel Regulation provides funds for
persons engaged in protective services in a
Headquarters, USACIDC (in accord with temporary duty status. For expenses incurred
AR 1-4, AR 10-23, and AR 190-10) provides by PM personnel or USACIDC special agents
security for particular persons designated by providing protective services, AR 195-4
higher authority. The chain of command for permits advance funds to cover anticipated
most USACIDC agents conducting PS expenses or allows recovery of personal funds
remains within USACIDC. USACIDC field expended during the mission. Coordination
elements conduct PS operations only with with the local USACIDC element is required
permission of the Commanding General, of the PM prior to the obligation or
USACIDC, or the Chief, Protective Services expenditure of .0015 funds by PM personnel.
FM 19-10 175
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
standards as prescribed in AR 600-9. They these individuals. But once personnel are
must be reliable, presentable in appearance, identified as part-time or full-time PS
intelligent, and articulate. They must qualify personnel, it is recommended that they train
as expert on assigned weapons. A knowledge as a team to refine their individual skills and
of police unarmed self-defense tactics is coordinate teamwork.
desirable. Knowledge of the principal’s
language, if foreign, is desirable but not EMPLOYMENT OF WEAPONS
essential; interpreters or translators are Of primary importance for a PS detail is the
usually provided by the host. The candidate anticipated use of weapons. The employment
must be aware of the inherent dangers and of weapons is made with the following
adversities of the assignment. He or she must considerations in mind:
be willing to sacrifice personal safety to Availability of weapons.
protect a principal at the risk of serious Threat analysis.
personal injury or even death.
Location of the mission.
Members of details must be thoroughly Desires of the chain of command.
familiar with protocol requirements,
personality information, and itineraries. And The employment of weapons must be
they must be fully briefed on all aspects of the consistent with established Army policy and
mission. They must be able to act quickly and with local and foreign laws. PS personnel
appropriately in an emergency situation. armed with automatic weapons must have
And they must be completely experienced in successfully qualified with these weapons.
all aspects of PS operations. Supervisors must ensure that firearms
training is well documented and made a
When adverse action is directed against a matter of permanent record.
principal, it is the smooth, professional, and
organized actions of the PS detail that will CARRY AND USE OF FIREARMS
most effectively counter the threat. Security PS personnel are armed with a US Army
personnel must be trained so well that in an sidearm. When required by the mission, they
emergency, despite the excitement and have access to riot shotguns, rifles, or
emotion involved, they will instinctively act automatic weapons. Riot agent grenades or
correctly. Security personnel must be dispensers are carried and protective masks
proficient in special techniques. They must be are available for members of the official
able to protect the principal when he is party and security personnel when threat
walking or traveling by motor vehicle, train, conditions warrant.
aircraft, or boat. They must be able to protect
the principal when participating at public USACIDC agents are authorized to carry
assemblies. concealed weapons in the performance of
Although difficult, and in some cases their official PS and investigative duties in
impossible, PS details should ideally train accordance with AR 190-14. MP assigned to
together, much as special reaction teams and PS details carry their assigned firearm
other small Army units do. Protection during the performance of their official
demands teamwork. A PS detail functions as duties by authorization under AR 190-14.
a unit. Each person on the detail must be fully They must have a DA Form 2818 (Firearms
aware of his responsibilities and reactions as Authorization) in their possession. MP who
well as what he can expect from his detail are authorized to carry concealed firearms in
members. Currently, most PS training is not the performance of official duties have a
geared to team training. It is difficult for each great moral responsibility to themselves, the
Army agency to release five to seven people at principal, and the US Army.
a time, because there are many other PS personnel may be authorized to carry
commitments that are also being met by concealed firearms outside the US. But they
176 FM 19-10
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must have prior approval from the country The response to firearms presented
to be visited. Approval may be obtained against a principal does not include
through the US embassy or through official members of the protective team returning
agencies of the host country. But the fire. The return fire may cause death or
approval may be revoked at any time by the grievous injury to innocent bystanders. PS
host country. personnel maintain a defensive posture and
After permission has been obtained from evacuate the principal from the “kill zone.”
local authorities, PS members may have to There are situations when the immediate
arrange to obtain their weapons from local use of firearms is the proper response. This
US agencies in the host country. Or they would occur in extreme circumstances. If the
may have to have the weapons delivered to principal’s vehicle is disabled in a kill zone
them aboard the principal’s official aircraft. of an ambush, return fire is appropriate. If
If permission to carry weapons is not organized attack occurs by multiple
granted, guidance must be obtained from the assailants, return fire is appropriate.
local commander.
Aboard aircraft the weapon must be Supervisors coordinate weapons employ-
carried concealed or locked in a briefcase ment with participating law enforcement
retained by the individual. Personnel agencies when PS missions involve
carrying a concealed weapon aboard an interoperability with other agencies. They
aircraft must notify appropriate airline ensure full understanding of the guidelines
officials of the presence of the weapon before for weapons deployment and use.
boarding. Federal law enforcement officers Although no definitive rules of engage-
are exempt under 49 USC 1472(1) from ment exist, it is generally agreed that any
surrendering the weapon to the airline defensive actions taken by members of the
representative. However, final authority protective team are undertaken for
rests with the commander of the aircraft. protective reasons or in self-defense rather
Upon request, personnel must give up than for law enforcement. In making this
control of the weapon to the aircraft determination, one should consider if the
commander. Usually when escorting a subject constitutes a present or a continuing
principal aboard an aircraft, the weapon is threat to the principal. Or circumstances
not surrendered; however, exceptions to such may indicate that the subject might repeat
policies are governed by the circumstances the unlawful act that is considered to be a
of the mission. The weapon may be threat to the principal. When restraining the
transported in locked luggage stowed in the subject, only that force necessary to
baggage compartment of the aircraft in accomplish restraint is used. The incident is
accordance with AR 190-14. The weapon then immediately reported to the appropriate
must be unloaded. federal, state, or local police or foreign
authorities. And the subject is remanded to
When it is necessary to carry firearms their custody. The action taken by the
aboard a military aircraft, prior coordi- protective team must be shown to have been
nation must be made with the appropriate necessary under an emergency situation.
flight commander, the operations officer, or The restraint used must have been minimal.
the pilot in command of the aircraft. And the restraint must have been only to the
PS detail members must be familiar with extent needed to deliver the subject to the
AR 190-28, which governs their use of custody of civil authorities. The action taken
firearms. All weapons must be used in must have been in self-defense or to protect
accordance with this regulation and its the principal. And the protective team must
supplements; local, federal, and foreign have acted properly in fulfilling their official
laws; and the mature judgment of PS responsibilities and statutory duties as
personnel. officers of the federal government.
FM 19-10 177
161-016O-94-12
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178 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
stress that the itinerary of a general officer is Sports jackets and slacks of conservative cut
at least marked “FOR OFFICIAL USE and color may be appropriate for informal
ONLY.” It may be upgraded when needed. occasions. Formal wear, such as a tuxedo,
may be required for the PSO and some
Generally, PS personnel wear clothing like members of the team. Sometimes specialized
that worn by the principal. Conservative clothing like swimsuits or ski clothing is
business suits are appropriate when needed. If not available, these items may be
escorting a principal wearing a class A rented or purchased, when specifically
uniform. Unconventional styles or colors authorized. Standard equipment for a PS
should not be worn during PS missions. mission is listed in Appendix D.
FM 19-10 179
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
These people are those who have been These cordons are fluid in nature and must
school-trained and are experienced enough be flexible to adjust to the situation at hand.
to occupy the positions of PSO and shift There are no defined areas for these cordons
leader. with regard to distance from one to the other.
The distance between cordons is established
The middle cordon should be manned by on a case-by-case basis. It is based on the
USACIDC or MP personnel who have PS threat, location, crowd, personality of the
training offered in basic USACIDC and MPI principal, and desires of the chain of
courses and by local law enforcement command. The PSO or the DL will adjust the
personnel. cordons to fit the situation.
The outer cordon should be manned by MP Sometimes, particularly overseas where
and local law enforcement personnel. This there is shared responsibility between the
cordon comprises surveillance posts, such as US and the host nation governments,
observation posts, listening posts, sniper changes to the positions in these cordons are
positions, static posts, and response teams. made.
180 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
Advance work is still required. Threat will be assigned to him upon his arrival at
analysis is done and updated. Itineraries the receiving commander’s area of
must be prepared and safeguarded. Routes responsibility. This information can be
must be examined and safe havens transmitted from PM to PM, or from PM to
identified. Plans for evacuation must be aide-de-camp or executive officer by
considered. And special attention must be telephone or by message.
given to the potential for injuries and the The second stage of planning requires an
ever-present possibility of capture. on-site survey by the advance security team
The major concern of PS personnel in an LIC of all areas to be visited by the principal. The
area is to carry out the mission in accord with itinerary for the proposed visit should be
established policies of the US government. obtained from the principal’s office or the
host agency as soon as it is prepared. It
should be reviewed to determine if sufficient
PREPARATION AND PLANNING information has been furnished to permit
advance security arrangements to be made.
When notified of an impending mission, a
chronological events journal is started. It is A threat collection effort should begin as soon
used to record all information about the as practical after receipt of the itinerary. This is
mission. And it is used to retain all normally accomplished by coordinating with
information produced as a result of the the US Secret Service, FBI, State Department,
mission. The journal is considered to be an USACIDC, military intelligence, and other
official document. It serves to record actions local, federal and foreign law enforcement or
by the PS detail. It helps in preparing the intelligence-gathering agencies. Efforts to
after-action report. And it may be acceptable identify possible threats to the principal at all
for presentation to a board of inquiry if an locations to be visited will be undertaken by
incident occurs adversely affecting the these agencies. Should information considered
security of the principal. prejudicial to the safety of the principal be
The planning of the mission is done in two developed, the developing agency will notify the
stages. The results of preliminary mission DL of the PS detail. Frequent contact
with intelligence-gathering agencies should be
information received with the notice of the maintained throughout the mission to ensure a
mission become the basis for a written current threat analysis.
personal security plan. This plan is the
documentation that gives authority for the EXECUTION
mission. It serves as a basis to fix
responsibilities. It allows the measuring of This portion of the mission commences
resources against tasks to be performed. And with the implementation of all prior
it provides a standardized format for planning. Often the information developed
conveying information and instructions. by the advance team is used in preparing the
The mission DL is responsible for preparing operations annex to the security plan.
the security plan. The plan is given to all Execution is effected using the proper
members of the security detail. The original methods and techniques suited to the
is retained on file. The plan is for official use mission at hand. The execution phase ends
only. It is controlled in the same manner as with the completion of the visit or event, or
the principal’s itinerary. upon order of competent authority.
Coordination between the protective
services chain of command and a member of REVIEW
the visiting dignitary’s staff is tantamount A critique is held in the final stage of a PS
to a successful PS operation. A visiting operation. The purpose of the critique is to
dignitary must be informed that a PS detail discuss the success or failure of the mission.
FM 19-10 181
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
182 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
Using notes taken during the mission, the written by the mission DL as soon as
DL points out and discusses the strong possible after the mission. He uses his notes
points, then the weaker points, and makes and those of security team members and the
suggestions for improvement. All remarks journals and comments of the principal, his
must be specific and impersonal. Detail staff, the personal security officer, and the
members cannot profit from generalities. residence watch. Personnel other than the
Controlling the discussion to keep the protective force who were instrumental in
critique to issues at hand and yet ensure the execution of the mission should be fully
thorough review. identified. A file with this information is
Summarizing. The critique is concluded maintained for future reference. Emphasis is
placed on problem areas encountered and on
with a brief but comprehensive the procedures necessary to eliminate them.
summation of the points brought out. Recommendations are written in detail for
The critique culminates in an after-action improving, planning, coordination, per-
report. Written in narrative form, this report sonnel, and equipment. A file copy is kept for
relates the highlights of the PS mission. It is use in improving future operations.
FM 19-10 183
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
184 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
and civil and military police. He collects, The nature of PS inherently lends itself to
evaluates, and disseminates threat close interpersonal relationships. Often a PS
information. He coordinates the utilization member endears himself to his principal
of available manpower and equipment through mutual respect and admiration and
resources. He reviews the security plan a meshing of personalities. Such a
formulated by the advance team. He relationship can tremendously enhance the
disseminates copies of the plan to appro- relationship between the principal and the
priate agencies. During the execution phase entire PS detail. As long as this relationship
of the mission, he supervises and provides remains within professional parameters, the
guidance and leadership to participating overall success of the PS mission is virtually
subordinates. In the final review, he assured.
conducts a post-mission critique. And he
supervises the preparation of the after-action PERSONAL SECURITY OFFICER
report. The PSO is responsible for the close-in
DLs have a responsibility to help detail security of the principal and normally
members maintain peak performance. The accompanies him whenever he is away from
long hours, day after day, of a PS operation, his residence. To ensure continuity, unity of
the requirement for prolonged absences from effort, and control, the PSO is usually the
home, and the ever-present need to be only point of contact between the members
constantly mentally and physically fit place of the PS detail and the principal and his
tremendous stress on PS personnel. PS staff. The PSO and the DL may be the same
operations are jeopardized if a detail member person.
suffers “burnout” from being overstressed. Upon initial contact with the principal, the
Supervisors must understand and help PSO briefs him and his staff concerning the
control the stress in which detail members security arrangements. The PSO is prepared
operate. Time off can be critical in to discuss any areas of particular concern to
controlling stress. the principal. It is essential that the PSO
obtain the confidence, respect, and
Supervisors must make themselves cooperation of the principal as rapidly as
available for guidance on matters of tact and possible.
good judgment. Normally, security
personnel should not accept gifts even A close working relationship must be
though they are presented in gratitude by maintained between the PSO and the
the principal. If gifts cannot be refused mission DL. This can be accomplished by
without offending the principal, they should communicating on a daily basis whenever
be accepted and the DL notified. Under no necessary. While overall control of the
circumstances should the feelings of the mission remains the responsibility of the
dignitary be offended. Supervisors must mission DL, it is imperative that the PSO be
ensure that a brief written statement is afforded adequate authority and sufficient
prepared that gives the circumstances of freedom of action to accomplish his
acceptance, a description of the gift, and an assignment.
estimate of its value. Many times the Effective communications are vital to an
principal or a member of his official party efficient PS detail. The PSO must be in
will give each member of the protective force constant communication with other
a souvenir or memento of his visit. Caution members of the security force and the
must be exercised to ensure that these items security control room or command post. (In
do not have high intrinsic value nor place a many cases the security control room and
financial burden on the giver. the command post are one and the same.)
FM 19-10 185
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
186 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
affairs officer, the intelligence officer, the One of the most sensitive areas is the
engineer, the transportation officer, and the principal’s residence. The residence watch is
communications officer to— normally responsible for the security of the
Obtain a map or plan of the reservation or residence. It also establishes the command
base showing the entrances, exits, or post. It is responsible for organizing and
docking area to be used by the official coordinating security arrangements with
party. the responsible individual from each facility
under its charge. The residence watch also
Select quarters for party (if applicable). performs advance actions at hotels, motels,
Review jointly the security aspects of the and military reservations and facilities.
activities that the principal will view or in
which he will participate, such as The primary purpose of the baggage team
reviewing troops, witnessing demonstra- is to maintain accountability of all items of
tions, and inspecting or examining personal and official property belonging to
devices and equipment. the principal and to members of the official
Ascertain the availability of communica- party who are traveling with or closely
tions, such as radios, telephones, associating with the principal. The primary
telegraph, and so forth, including secure function is to protect all items from loss or
voice capability. theft and to prevent the introduction of
foreign objects or explosives into the
Review the accommodations, that is, food, principal’s aircraft, vehicle, or residence.
refreshments, recreation facilities. and
the like. PROTECTIVE TEAM
RESIDENCE WATCH AND The protective team is normally composed
BAGGAGE TEAM of the PSO and the other members of the PS
When traveling with a principal, the detail in the closest proximity to the
residence watch and baggage team are principal. On larger details the protective
normally part of the advance team. team would normally form a protective
However, a residence watch functions at all formation for routine walking movements
times for a permanently located detail. around a principal.
FM 19-10 187
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
The protective team should remain close to members and minor children. Proper
the principal at all times, changing their planning for manpower and vehicular
relative position frequently. Security support is necessary to accomplish this
personnel must ensure that an assailant is phase of a mission.
unable to get between the principal and the Because a protective team is usually small,
protective detail. effective security often depends on the
Before any person is allowed to approach voluntary cooperation of the public. Friendly
the principal or his personal property, he consideration for the public, especially the
should be checked to establish his identity press, and a clear portrayal of the need for
and the authority for his presence. This is security stimulates the cooperation of the
especially true at the principal’s residence, at public and the press. Inquiries or requests
public and sporting events, and near the not related to security matters should be
principal’s means of transportation. referred to the appropriate member of the
Whenever possible, the protective team official party. Security personnel should
should obtain advance lists of expected refrain from unnecessary conversation with
guests, visitors, press representatives, and the public and, most of all, with the press.
people performing services for the principal.
OTHER SUPPORT
The protective team and residence watch
should quickly learn to recognize all There are many other individuals and
employees, regular visitors, members of the agencies who may be called upon to support
official party, and any public figures who are a PS operation. A typical PS operation
expected to call. No stranger should be includes support from local civilian law
admitted without the permission of the enforcement personnel, law enforcement
principal or a member of his staff. personnel from other branches of the armed
services, EOD units, military intelligence
Although the security of other members of offices, civilian intelligence-gathering
the official party is secondary to that of the agencies, fire department personnel, medical
principal, some degree of safety should be personnel, pilots, aircraft crews, ground
provided these persons. If a member of the support personnel, translators and
official party is injured, the entire mission interpreters, and drivers. This support is
could be adversely affected. In some routinely requested by the organization
situations, it is an additional responsibility responsible for the PS operation. Most
of the protective detail to provide limited military and civilian law enforcement and
protection for other members of the official intelligence agencies have supported PS
party when traveling with the principal. operations in some capacity and are very
When members of the principal’s family responsive to requested support. The best
accompany him on trips, it is not uncommon way to assure acquiring this support is
for members of the protective team to through good continuing liaison with all
provide security and escort for female agencies concerned.
PROTECTION ON FOOT
In a majority of instances, the safety of a PS detail members should be dispersed so
principal is most critical when he is among they can cover all avenues of access to the
the public and walking through crowds, into principal. They should continually adjust
buildings, and to public events in which he their relative positions to ensure that no
will participate. attacker is able to get between the protectors
and the principal. During outdoor walks, the
If possible, the selection of walking time principal’s motorcade should cruise in the
and routes should be varied. Accompanying immediate vicinity. The automobile can
188 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
block any vehicle that may threaten the At indoor assemblies, typical defense
principal’s safety. It can also be used to cordons should be formed immediately
transport the principal in case an emergency around the principal. They are also formed
develops, or it appears necessary to seek a around the confines of the room occupied by
safer location. the principal and around the grounds where
Escorting a principal requires being the building is located. The personnel
highly alert to surrounding areas. Particular manning the defensive cordons should take
emphasis is placed on people in crowds who control of the area before the arrival of
are either participating in the event or are guests or the general public. A careful search
drawn to the area out of curiosity. Close-in and an inspection of the area should be made
security should be established immediately at the time protection is established. The
around the principal. Additional concentric area is then secured until opened to the
cordons of defense are added to the greatest public.
possible extent.
PROTECTION ON-SITE
No two sites are exactly alike. Therefore, it consider the need for personnel, materiel,
is virtually impossible to establish a set of and vehicle control. They must also consider
rules that will be completely applicable to all the use of protective alarms and devices. The
sites. There are, however, specific guidelines plans must designate priorities of protection
that must be applied to ensure that based on analysis of criticality and
minimum acceptable standards are applied vulnerability after considering available
in each situation. PS personnel should refer threat information. Plans must include
to FM 19-30 when formulating a security consideration of assistance available from
plan. The intricacy of the plan depends on military units in the area, as well as civilian
site configuration and the mission. sources. All plans must be coordinated with
civil authorities because civil authorities
Security plans must prescribe specific have primary responsibility for the
responsibilities for all actions required to protection of all private, public, and federal
protect the principal and the site. They must property.
FM 19-10 189
CHAPTER 20
Bomb Threats
The initial moments of a bomb threat are Bomb threats are usually received by
crucial to the evaluation of an incident. To telephone or mail. Or they may be discovered
assure the successful resolution of a threat, by noticing a suspicious item. Each method
bomb threat contingency plans provide prior requires special procedures to effectively
planning and training in procedures to take obtain the maximum amount of information
on receipt of a bomb threat. from the threat source.
TELEPHONE BOMB THREATS
When a telephone bomb threat is received, background noises. The receiver of the call
someone has actual knowledge that a device concentrates on the exact words of the caller.
has been planted or a prankster wishes to The receiver must try to keep the caller on the
disrupt an operation. Noting what is said and phone as long as possible to allow time to
how it is said during a bomb threat call can recognize background noises and gain
help determine which of these reasons is true. additional information.
The person receiving the call may be the only The receiver asks the caller for specific
person to ever have contact with the potential information as shown on FBI Form 6-136
bomber. This is why bomb threat con- (Bomb Threat Checklist). See DA Pam 190-52.
tingency plans must address the need for If the caller describes what it looks like, how it
training persons most likely to receive a operates, and its general characteristics, this
bomb threat call. When a bomb threat is is known as a descriptive bomb threat. A
received, the receiver must know what to do descriptive bomb threat is probably real. The
and how to do it, or valuable information will receiver documents the exact wording of the
be lost. Proper training provides the person threat. For example, if the caller says,
with the skills to pick out important facts. “Specialist Jones, there is a bomb planted on
your floor. You and your six coworkers have
Signaling another employee to listen in on 20 minutes to clear out,” the receiver must
the call is worked out in advance where note all of that information. If the person
working arrangements allow observation. receiving the call only indicates that a bomb
The second person concentrates on the threat was received, an important investi-
characteristics of the caller and any gative tool and important information is lost.
190 FM 19-10
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FM 19-10 191
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Recording the exact date and time of the form is in most local installation telephone
phone call is important. By determining the directories.
time of the bomb threat, identification of the
bomb site by background sounds may be The person receiving the bomb threat call
possible. immediately reports to the designated
supervisor or security person with the
As part of the bomb threat plan, a bomb completed bomb threat checklist. This action
threat checklist is developed to be placed near will facilitate proper emergency notifications
telephones. FBI Form 6-136 is a good example and help lessen the possibility of panic. The
and can be placed beneath a telephone for receiver does NOT spread the word about the
easy access. If this form is not available, then bomb threat before notifying the supervisor
a copy of the form should be used to develop a who then notifies the MP.
locally produced form. A bomb threat report
MAIL BOMBS
A small number of explosive devices have
been mailed over the years resulting in death,
injury, and destruction of property.
Contingency planning is required to help
prevent mail bomb disasters. Contingency
planners first consider which organizations
are possible targets. A bomb can be enclosed
in either a parcel or an envelope, its outward
appearance limited only by the imagination
of the sender. However, past mail bombs have
exhibited some unique characteristics which
can assist in identifying a suspect mailing.
To apply these factors, it is important for
planners to know the type of mail normally
received by an organization. Motives for mail
bombs often are revenge, extortion,
terrorism, or business disputes.
The information contained in the postal
pamphlet Bombs By Mail should be
available to all mail handlers. A copy of this
pamphlet should be in each unit mail room.
A mail handler or recipient of mail who is
suspicious of a letter or parcel and cannot
verify the contents with the addressee or
sender, must not open the article or put it in
water or a confined space like a desk drawer
or a filing cabinet. Mail handlers and
recipients must isolate the suspected mail
and evacuate the immediate area. If possible,
windows are opened in the immediate area to
help vent potential explosive gases. The MP
or postal inspector is immediately contacted
to report the suspected mail bomb.
192 FM 19-10
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SUSPICIOUS ITEMS
Employees must be alert to determine if a device. Personnel know that if a suspected
suspicious item belongs in the area. An bomb device is discovered they DO NOT
employee should know if a certain briefcase touch the device. Instead, they make sure that
belongs, if a flower arrangement is new, if a the device does not belong. They ensure that
recently delivered package is expected, or if a no one touches it. And they report the
package in the corner is someone’s lunch. discovery to a supervisor, security officer, or
One way to do this is to keep clutter to a MP. Supervisors know that if a suspected
minimum. bomb device is found, they consider
When a bomb threat occurs, all personnel immediate, total evacuation of the building,
must quickly scan their immediate areas and and they await arrival of MP and explosive
identify anything out of the ordinary. This ordnance disposal personnel before
may be the only way to discover a bomb attempting to reenter the building.
PERSONNEL TO NOTIFY
The MP desk sergeant is the first person to Fire department personnel normally respond
notify when a bomb threat has been received. to the scene and stand by. Fire is a common
The desk sergeant then notifies personnel as occurrence in connection with an explosive
shown in the local station SOP. In some detonation. Early notification of the fire
locations it might be the responsibility of the department personnel can assist in
personnel in the building receiving the bomb minimizing property damage and injury
threat to make the notifications. Prior should a device detonate. Then EOD
planning must be done to determine who is personnel are notified. Under normal
responsible for notification. situations, EOD personnel do not respond to
As a rule, the MP are notified first. MP will a bomb threat unless a suspicious item is
respond as the initial investigating agency located. But they may be able to tell if other
for a bomb threat. MP will cordon off the threats of a similiar type have been received
target area, provide traffic control, and and if a bomb was subsequently discovered.
obtain facts for the initial investigation. MP They may also give guidance if a device is
do not conduct a bomb search, because they located. (AR 75-15 identifies EOD
are not familiar with the search area. Then responsibilities.) Then medical personnel are
other personnel are notified as dictated by notified. The potential for injury with any
local SOP like higher commanders, public bomb threat is high. Time can be saved by
affairs personnel, or staff duty personnel. having trained medical personnel stand by
Then fire department personnel are notified. with an ambulance in case of injuries.
FM 19-10 193
161-016 O-94–13
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
COMMUNICATION
Reliable communication from the bomb
scene is essential. The bomb scene officer
will continually keep the command post up-
dated and informed of ongoing actions.
However, radio transmissions, except for
those of extremely low power, should not be
used within 100 meters of the affected area.
If possible, all elements of the bomb scene
operation should use the telephone to If a device is actually discovered, either as
maintain contact with the EOC. a result of a bomb threat or during routine
operations, evacuation procedures should be
Types of communications which may be carried out expeditiously. All persons will
used to maintain contact with the teams evacuate to a predetermined assembly area.
within a building or facility are— But this area must be at least 100 meters
Runners. from the structure. This distance takes into
Whistles. account items like propane bottles, natural
gas lines, or welding equipment that could
Field phones, TA 312. contribute to the explosive force of a bomb
Hand signals (if one point is visible by all). within a facility. All personnel at the
194 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
assembly area must be accounted for to activity should search the building where a
determine if anyone is still in the building. bomb threat has been received. Preferably,
And a contact point can be determined in these persons should be volunteers. It must
case an item cannot be verified as belonging be stressed that the searchers must know or
in that area. be able to determine if an item actually
Depending upon the mission of the belongs in the area; thus they should be
facility, it may be necessary to evacuate a persons assigned to that activity. For this
building in sections. Some areas where reason MP and EOD personnel should not
partial evacuation may be necessary are— search the area.
It is imperative that persons forming
Hospitals. search teams be well trained. Training
Special weapons areas. accomplishes more than just preparing the
Classified storage areas. members of a search team; it increases their
Partial evacuation involves risks. There confidence and morale. MP must make every
are no guarantees as to what damage will effort to help provide local training. And
occur if a device should detonate. Therefore, search team members must be willing to
total evacuation is desirable when possible. practice periodically to maintain
proficiency.
SEARCHES
There are two types of search: a super-
visor’s search and a search team search.
Both types of search move from the outside
in, from the lowest level to the highest, and
from public access areas to more restricted
access areas.
Supervisor’s Search
A supervisor’s search can be conducted by
a few of the activity’s personnel using a
quick-paced method to look for suspicious
items. It can be useful only if all areas are
orderly. If the area to be searched is
cluttered, then a supervisor’s search will not
be effective.
In determining if a supervisor’s search will
be used, it should be remembered that
supervisory searches can be up to 60 percent
effective. They also have the advantage of
limiting the disruptions of the operation,
because the search can be done without
evacuation of personnel.
Search Team Search
A search team search requires that the
building be evacuated until after the search
has been accomplished. The search for an
explosive device is one of the most important
actions involved in the bomb threat
procedures. Two-man teams composed of
persons assigned to and familiar with the
FM 19-10 195
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
The search team looks everywhere and at device may be planted against a facility.
everything. Unless a specific area is Depending upon the nature of the device, an
indicated in the threat, the search team enormous amount of damage can be caused
begins with the exterior and moves to the by a device planted outside a facility. Both
interior. Then they move into public access the exterior and interior of the bomb site
areas like lobbies, restrooms, waiting areas, area must be searched.
and snack machine areas. And finally, they
check limited public access areas, like After the exterior search is completed, the
basements, roofs, and storage rooms. search inside the facility is begun. Interior
searches are conducted from the lowest level
The external area must be searched first. of the facility to the highest and from
The search must cover all feasible areas common access areas to more restricted
where a device may be planted. It must be access areas.
done systematically. Special consideration
must be given to— First, all public access areas are searched.
Window ledges. Then offices with public access are searched.
Bushes. And finally, offices, storage areas, and areas
with restricted public access are searched.
Garbage cans. Rooms that have been searched should be
Flower arrangements. marked with crepe paper or colored tape to
Air conditioner units. ensure efficiency and to speed up the process.
Automobiles. (Extreme caution must be The searchers enter a room, stop, remain
used when search involves automobiles.) still, and listen for any unusual sounds. (In
Any item usually not found in the area or the evacuation phase, all machines are to be
any item noted as being out of place should unplugged.) Searchers will make a quick
be viewed with suspicion. visual scan of the room for obvious, unusual
Most often a bomb device is thought to be items. They divide the room in half and then
hidden somewhere inside a facility. But a into four levels. Their first search includes
196 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
items such as desks, chairs, and garbage search includes items such as picture
cans that lie within the area from the waist frames, shelves, cupboards, windows, and
to the floor. Their second search includes vents that lie within the area from the top of
items such as filing cabinets, table tops, and the head to the ceiling. Their fourth search
lower shelves that lie within the area from includes checking all vents, pipes, and
the waist to the top of the head. Their third ceiling supports beyond the ceiling.
AFTER-ACTION PROCEDURES
After a device has been rendered safe or it After-action reports are completed and
has detonated, the area is sealed off by the must contain specific information such as—
MP until criminal investigator and EOD
personnel thoroughly investigate the area. If Nature of incident.
a device detonates, the most minute frag- Action taken.
ments are retrieved in order to determine the
composition of the device. All persons not Outcome.
directly involved with the investigation are Additional information.
restricted from the scene.
FM 19-10 197
CHAPTER 21
Special Reaction Team
198 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
US Army involvement in terrorism taken to ensure that the installation and its
counteraction is limited by HN responsi- personnel are prepared to meet any potential
bilities, Department of Justice and Depart- threat.
ment of State authority, legal and political The knowledge and understanding of the
restrictions, and appropriate regulations. US existing threat is a viable tool essential to
Army support to civilian law enforcement evaluating the installation’s vulnerability. A
agencies during civil disturbance operations survey outlining both the strong and weak
is limited by DOD Civil Disturbance Plan points in an installation’s ability to defend
(Garden Plot), 18 USC 1385 (Posse Comitatus against a threat will assist commanders in
Act), and applicable laws and regulations. training, equipping, and planning for the
Each installation has unique needs as desired response levels for their SRTs.
determined by a current threat analysis and Available resources, materials, and
the installation’s vulnerabilities. A detailed personnel are factors that influence
threat analysis is essential to support the planning and establishing a workable SRT
process of identifying the desired level of and initial response team. Resource
SRT response capability. On one end of the availability will impact on the immediate
spectrum the threat analysis may reveal the SRT response capabilities. The long-range
existence of only a low-level external threat action is to plan for the unexpected, counter
requiring a general SRT manpower/equipment the threat, harden the installation’s possible
response capability. At the upper end of the targets, and deal with special threats.
spectrum the threat analysis could indicate a While the SRT will usually be the
sophisticated threat posed by groups having installation’s response to special threats,
unique abilities and seeking specifically consideration must be given to the
identified targets. This would require an requirement for an expanded response. Since
SRT of highly trained personnel possessing it is impossible to predict the magnitude and
specialized training and equipment. peculiarities of incidents, installations
However, the need for SRT response identify, train, and equip personnel from
capabilities cannot be based entirely on the outside existing MP assets to augment the
external threat, but must be approached initial response force. SRT actions in
within the framework of the definition of response to threats are determined by the
special threats found in AR 190-52. Action is EOC.
FM 19-10 199
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
Inner and outer perimeter security screened before assuming their duties. This
elements secure the incident site, control screening can be done through command
access to the area, and provide security to channels without any adverse effects to
the remainder of the installation. individuals or their military careers.
The SRT provides an enhanced response A suggested SRT consists of not less than
capable of controlling the situation. nine people. This team composition best
During initial employment, the SRT conforms to and allows for the suggested
begins preliminary tactical planning to rank requirements contained in most MP
resolve the situation. (Rescue and assault unit TOEs and TDAs.
missions are performed only under special
circumstances.) Ideally, consideration is given to training
one or two nine-man teams per installation.
The hostage negotiation team sets up The goal is to have one SRT available at all
direct communication with the times. Additionally, as situations dictate, it
perpetrators. Negotiations are conducted may become necessary to alert or employ
to further develop the situation for key more than one team and combine or
decision makers. augment
— teams to meet threats beyond the
The investigative team investigates the capabilities of one nine-man team.
incident while it is ongoing and concludes
the investigation after the incident is
resolved.
When selecting SRT personnel, the most
qualified volunteers are those persons who—
Have at least one year of military service
as MP.
Are in the pay grade of E4 or above.
Are highly disciplined and morally sound.
Are mature and able to handle pressure.
Have passed the Army Physical Fitness
Test.
Have a minimum qualification of
sharpshooter with assigned weapon.
Possess individual special skills (that is,
demolitions, emergency medical
treatment, and the like).
Have prior combat and/or small unit
operations experience.
Have prior law enforcement experience.
Exhibit an ability to work with others.
Possess good eyesight.
Can be retained (one year recommended).
Have had no derogatory data revealed It is critical to SRT functions that all team
during the background investigation. members be cross-trained in at least one
alternative position within the team. The
Additionally, all volunteers considered for team leader must be familiar with all
selection to SRTs are psychologically aspects of each member’s duties.
200 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
EQUIPMENT
Selection of equipment used by SRTs is Specific missions and response capabilities
important to the total effectiveness of the are partially determined by selection,
team in accomplishing assigned missions. availability, and assignment of equipment.
FM 19-10 207
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
It is suggested that an SRT SOP, including identified and submitted for evaluation and
an equipment list, be included as an annex to approval to the US Army Military Police
installation security plans. This action will School, Directorate of Combat Develop-
assist in procuring and programming funds ments, ATTN: ATZN-MP-CM, Fort
for SRT equipment not organic to the McClellan, AL 36205-5030, using DA Form
installation. 2028 in accordance with AR 310-34.
Equipment authorized by CTAs, TOEs, Individual equipment such as load bearing
and TDAs is used to the maximum extent to equipment, heavy body armor, survival
equip SRTs. Additional government supply vests, and the like, is determined by the
sources include Self-Service Supply Center, commander using common sense, careful
Training and Audiovisual Support Center analysis of the opposing threat, and specific
(TASC), US General Services Admini- mission assignment. The basic suggested
stration (GSA) Supply Catalog, GSA SRT uniform is composed of—
Federal Supply Schedule, The Army
Authorization Documents System (TAADS), Work gloves with liners.
and source selection advisory council Battledress uniform (BDU).
(SSAC). Cap, woodland pattern (BDU).
Local procurement or one-time purchases Brown T-shirt.
may initially be necessary to obtain some Black combat boots.
specialized equipment until appropriate Lightweight body armor.
authorization documents are revised.
Equipment not listed in an authorization Eye protection.
document at present, but required, is Hearing protection.
202 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
FM 19-10 203
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
204 FM 19-10
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
FM 19-10 205
TERRORISM COUNTERACTION
206 FM 19-10
APPENDIX A
MP STATION DESIGN
The public must have access to MP in front of the desk, the desk must be sharply
station activities to conduct legitimate inclined outward from floor level to the desk
business. These areas must be easily top to make it more difficult for anyone to
accessible and clearly marked. However, climb over the desk. The front of the desk is
controls must be established to prevent reinforced to provide protection from small
visitors and unauthorized personnel from arms fire and shrapnel.
wandering through the station. Such controls Proper location of the MP station desk can
must not interfere with personnel conducting afford desk personnel a clear and
business with the various PM sections. unobstructed view of the detention cell area,
Visitors can be controlled by electronically eliminating the need for a guard to prevent
operated doors to gain access to the persons in detention from self-inflicting
information desk. wounds or injuries. Space for detention cells
The desk must be located so desk personnel must be in accordance with AR 190-38
have an unobstructed view of the station structure criteria. Waivers of design
entrance and the area around the desk. The requirements require complete justification.
area directly behind the MP desk is closed to Job order requests for structure upgrade of
the general public. existing detention cells must be approved by
The desk is constructed so that desk local engineers and submitted as an
personnel, when seated, are on eye level with enclosure to the waiver request.
a person standing in front of the desk, The The back side of the desk can be designed as
height of the desk may vary, but it must be a storage area for forms and desk supplies.
high enough to prevent anyone from The work area behind the desk must be large
reaching desk personnel with the intent of enough to permit use of a typewriter and
harming them. If a restraining bar is not used telephones.
MP STATION REQUIREMENTS
Mission requirements determine the need Briefing/debriefing patrols and reserves.
for specific station features. To support the Detention facilities.
basic MP mission, space is required for— Public waiting room.
The PM or officer in charge and the duty Latrine facilities.
officer. Parking for employees, visitors, MP
Station desk. vehicles.
Processing offenders. Impounded vehicles.
Radio communications. NCIC terminal room/infrared discrimina-
Office space. tion systems monitor.
Conference and interrogation/interview Storage area for riot control and other
rooms. equipment.
Storage of arms, evidence, and property. Shower facilities.
FM 19-10 207
Specific station features should include— Break areas may contain vending
machines.
Outside lighting 360 degrees around the A communications room with intrusion
station and a 50-foot “stand off” area free detection alarms for the post exchange,
of private vehicle parking. finance office, bank, and so forth for rapid
Controlled or monitored access to the response.
station on all doors. Special entrances Furniture (in public areas) inconspicu-
provided for MP. ously secured to the floor to prevent its use
Interior and exterior doors with plexiglass in a scuffle.
windows for maximum observation, with Access to detention facilities free of items
the exception of the door leading from the that can cause prisoner injury.
public waiting area to the detention area
which must not permit observation. This Offices that require frequent coordination,
door is electrically operated. such as operations and administration,
Maintenance. free internal surfaces. located close to one another.
A minimum of exterior windows. Where Efficient design can enhance the security
required, either plexiglass or triple glass of the station, reduce personnel requirements,
substituted for plate glass. and ensure effective use of station facilities.
The general planning guidance in each
Emergency lighting and power. example design is based on programming
Separate latrine facilities provided for factors such as staff composition,
public and station personnel. organizational structure, and physical
A field safe for storing property and development requirements consistent with a
evidence during nonduty hours when a hypothetical set of functional and
custodian is not readily available. operational objectives. Space organization
Interview rooms with one-way mirrors principles are based on established
where possible for identification purposes. organizational and functional needs and on
requirements for the design and construction
Private work area for duty officer. This of MP facilities. For more information on
area can also serve as an interview room. designing MP facilities, see the Design Guide:
A break area, out of public sight, for MP. Military Police Facilities.
208 FM 19-10
FM 19-10 209
161-016O–94-14
210 FM 19-10
APPENDIX B
Military Police Firearms Qualification
FM 19-10 211
A locally reproduced record of qualification (Combat Pistol Qualification Course
should be used and must be forwarded with Scorecard) should not be used for the MPFQC
departing personnel as proof of weapons because this course does not provide combat
qualification at the gaining unit. DA Form 88 pistol qualification.
212 FM 19-10
FM 19-10 213
214 FM 19-10
APPENDIX C
Presenting Statistical Data
FM 19-10 215
CURVE CHART
The curve or line chart is probably the possible to compare two or more series on the
most widely used form of graphic same chart. The curve or line chart may be
presentation. It is very simple to construct used to show trends in various enforcement
and is most effective when the emphasis is activities, such as total AWOLs, vehicle
on movement, rather than amount. The registrations, offenses, apprehensions, and
curve chart is normally used for data so forth.
covering a long period of time. It is also
216 FM 19-10
HORIZONTAL BAR CHART
The horizontal bar chart is the simplest break down offenses by units, traffic
form of graph. Its primary use is to compare violations by specific violation over a given
different items as of a specified date. In MP period and for a specified date. and similar
work, the horizontal bar chart is used to categories.
FM 19-10 217
PIN MAP
The pin map is another way of graphically stuck into the map at the location where the
presenting data pertaining to frequency, incidents or accidents occurred. Different
type, and location of accidents or incidents. types of accidents or incidents (that is,
This chart is also considered to be an injury, fatality) may be depicted by different
essential element of selective enforcement colored or marked pins. The pin map may be
planning, A map of an area is mounted on a used as a yearly record and, if photographed,
board capable of holding pins. Locations of may be compared with succeeding years.
accidents or incidents are indicated by pins
218 FM 19-10
APPENDIX D
EXTRACT OF A LOCAL PROTECTIVE SERVICES
DETAIL EQUIPMENT LIST
FM 19-10 219
220
GLOSSARY
221
ISA interservice support agreement OCIR other criminal intelligence
ITAC Intelligence and Threat Analysis requirement
Center OCONUS outside continental United
States
km kilometer OIC officer in charge
KO contracting officer OMA Operations and Maintenance,
LIC low-intensity conflict Army
LIN line item number OPA Other Procurement, Army
meter OPSEC operations security
m
MAC Military Airlift Command ORS Offense Reporting System
MACOM major Army command PA public address
MAD major activity director PAO Public Affairs Officer
MCA Major Construction, Army PCS permanent change of station
MCM Manual for Courts-Martial PDIP program development increment
MDEP management decision package package
MEVA mission essential vulnerable PERSCOM Personnel Command
areas PI protected identities
MFR memorandum for record PM provost marshal
MI military intelligence POC point of contact
min minute POM program objective memorandum
mm millimeter POV privately owned vehicle
MOS military occupational specialty PPBES planning, programming, budgeting,
MP military police and execution system
MPDO military police duty officer PR&C purchase request and commitment
MPFQC Military Police Firearms PRAC program resource advisory
Qualification Course committee
MPI military police investigator PS protective services
MPIS military police investigative PSO personal security officer
supervisor QSTAG Quadripartite Standardization
MPMIS Military Police Management Agreement
Information Systems
MPR military police report ref reference
MSR main supply route rept report
MTOE modification table of organiza- RMO Resource Management Office
tion and equipment ROI report of investigation
MWD military working dog ROTC Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
sec second
NA not applicable sergeant
NAC National Agency Check SGT
SIR serious incident report
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
SJA Staff Judge Advocate
NCIC National Crime Information Center status of forces agreement
SOFA
NCO noncommissioned officer standing operating procedure
noncommissioned officer in charge SOP
NCOIC SOW statement of work
no number special reaction team
national stock number SRT
NSN SSAC source selection advisory
OALE Office of Army Law Enforcement council
222 FM 19-10
SSN social security number UCMJ Uniform Code of Military Justice
STANAG Standardization Agreement UFR unfinanced requirement
TA table of allowance USACA United States Army Correctional
TAACOM theater army area command Activity
TAADS The Army Authorization Docu- USACIDC United States Army Criminal
ments System Investigation Command
TASC training and audiovisual USACIL United States Army Criminal
support center Investigation Laboratory
TC training circular USACRC United States Army Crime
TCP traffic control post Records Center
TDA table of distribution and USADIP United States Army Deserter
allowances Information Point
TDY temporary duty USAREUR United States Army, Europe
TM technical manual USC United States Code
TMF threat management force USDB United States Disciplinary
TOA total obligational authority Barracks
TOE table of organization and equipment USSS United States Secret Service
TRADOC United States Army Training VIP very important person
and Doctrine Command VRS Vehicle Registration System
DEFINITIONS
Amnesty box. A container into which personnel may place any item, without penalty, before customs
processing.
Antihijack security. All measures taken to reduce the risk of hijacking aircraft, with particular attention
to the exclusion of weapons from the passenger compartment of an aircraft. (See Air Force Regulation 60-14.)
Closed evidence voucher. An evidence voucher concerning evidence from which final disposition has
been made by the custodian.
Controlled substance. A drug or other substance, or immediate precursor thereof, listed in 21 USC 812.
General categories included in this section are narcotics, derivatives of the cannabis sativa plant,
amphetamines, barbiturates, and hallucinogens.
Crime control. The detection and investigation of crimes and offenses and the apprehension and
protection of offenders.
Crime repression. The reduction of crimes and offenses through such measures as patrolling, physical
security and crime prevention surveys and inspections, observation of persons and places considered
crime-producing, and employment of off-limits procedures to preclude military personnel from
participating in activities conducive to crime.
Criminal complaint. An alleged criminal offense reported to or observed by military or civilian police
personnel or USACIDC personnel, whether subsequently determined to be founded or unfounded.
Crisis management team (CMT). A team found at a major command or installation level concerned
with plans, procedures, techniques, policies, and controls for dealing with terrorism, special threats, or
other major disruptions occurring on government installations or facilities. The team considers the local,
national, and international implications of major disruptions and establishes contact with the Army
Operations Center as the situation escalates, requiring higher level involvement and guidance. Normally
FM 19-10 223
at installation level, the CMT is established at or in proximity to the designated emergency operations
center.
Customs exclusion area. Clearly defined area into which cleared customs personnel enter before they
depart.
Evidence ledger. The bound ledger or record book kept by the evidence custodian to provide double
accountability control through cross-reference with the evidence vouchers.
Evidence voucher. The original DA Form 4137 which, upon presentation to the evidence custodian,
becomes an evidence voucher.
Evidence subvoucher. A carbon or reproduced copy of the original evidence voucher used to effect the
temporary release of evidence for any reason.
Founded offense. A criminal offense that has been proven to have been committed. The determination
that a founded offense exists is made by the appropriate police agency and is not dependent upon judicial
process.
High-risk personnel. US personnel who, by their grade, assignment, symbolic value, or relative
isolation, are more likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist targets.
Identified offender. An individual identified by police action as the subject or perpetrator of a criminal
offense.
Nonintoxicating malt beverage. Any alcoholic malt beverage having an alcholic content of less than
3.2 percent by weight.
Open evidence voucher. An evidence voucher concerning evidence for which the evidence custodian has
accountability.
Referral. A process in which the parties in conflict are led to consider some specific form of professional
counseling service.
Strategic information. Information that has no immediate applicability but may be used in some future
investigation or program. Strategic information gathering is a long-range continuous process.
Tactical information. Information that has immediate applicability to the employment of units in
combat.
Total obligational authority (TOA). The total financial requirements of the five-year defense program
or any component thereof required to support the approved program of a given fiscal year.
Unfounded offense. A criminal complaint in which a determination is made that a criminal offense was
not committed or did not occur. The determination is based on police action, not on court-martial or civilian
court verdict.
224 FM 19-10
REFERENCES
Related publications are sources of additional information. They are not required in order to under-
stand this publication.
ARMY REGULATIONS
1-1 Planning, Programming, and Budgeting Within the Department
of the Army
1-4 Employment of Department of the Army Resources in Support of
the United States Secret Service
5-3 Installation Management and Organization
5-9 Intraservice Support Installation Area Coordination
5-20 Commercial Activities Program
10-23 US Army Criminal Investigation Command
25-400-2 The Modern Army Recordkeeping System (MARKS)
27-10 Military Justice
27-40 Litigation
27-50 Status of Forces Policies, Procedures, and Information
37-103 Finance and Accounting for Installations: Disbursing Operations
40-12 Medical and Agricultural Foreign and Domestic Quarantine Regulations for
Vessels, Aircraft, and Other Transports of the Armed Forces
50-5 Nuclear and Chemical Weapons and Materiel—Nuclear Surety
55-71 Transportation of Personal Property and Related Services
55-355 Defense Traffic Management Regulation
75-15 Responsibilities and Procedures for Explosive Ordnance Disposal
190-5 Motor Vehicle Traffic Supervision
190-9 Military Absentee and Deserter Apprehension Program
190-10 Security of Government Officials
190-11 Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition and Explosives
190-12 Military Police Working Dogs
190-13 The Army Physical Security Program
190-14 Carrying of Firearms
190-22 Searches, Seizures and Disposition of Property
190-24 Armed Forces Disciplinary Control Boards and Off-Installation
Military Enforcement
190-27 Army Participation in National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
190-28 Use of Force by Personnel Engaged in Law Enforcement and Security Duties
190-30 Military Police Investigations
190-31 Department of the Army Crime Prevention Program
190-38 Detention Cell Standards
190-40 Serious Incident Report
190-45 Law Enforcement Reporting
190-47 The US Army Correctional System
190-51 Security of Army Property at Unit and Installation Level
190-52 Countering Terrorism and Other Major Disruptions on Military Installations
FM 19-10 225
161-016 O-94-15
190-56 The Army Civilian Police and Security Guard Program
195-2 Criminal Investigation Activities
195-4 Use of Contingency Limitation .0015 Funds for Criminal Investigative
Activities
195-5 Evidence Procedures
195-6 Department of the Army Polygraph Activities
210-10 Administration
215-1 Administration of Army Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities
and Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentalities
215-2 The Management and Operation of Army Morale, Welfare, and Recreation
Activities and Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentalities
310-31 Management System for Tables of Organization and Equipment
(The TOE System)
310-34 The Department of the Army Equipment Authorization and Usage Program
340-17 Release of Information and Records from Army Files
340-21 The Army Privacy Program
360-5 Army Public Affairs, Public Information
360-61 Community Relations
380-5 Department of the Army Information Security Program
380-13 Acquisition and Storage of Information Concerning Nonaffiliated
Persons and Organizations
380-380 Automation Security
420-74 Natural Resources: Land, Forest, and Wildlife Management
500-50 Civil Disturbances
530-2 Communications Security
600-3 The Army Specialty Proponent System
600-8-1 Army Casualty and Memorial Affairs and Line of Duty Investigations
600-9 The Army Weight Control Program
600-40 Apprehension, Restraint, and Release to Civil Authorities
600-290 Passports and Visas
608-1 Army Community Service Program
608-4 Control and Registration of War Trophies and War Trophy Firearms
630-5 Leaves and Passes
630-10 Absence Without Leave and Desertion
640-3 Identification Cards, Tags and Badges
700-84 Issue and Sale of Personal Clothing
710-2 Supply Policy Below the Wholesale Level
226 FM 19-10
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FORMS
88 Combat Pistol Qualification Course Scorecard
581 Request for Issue and Turn-In of Ammunition
1594 Daily Staff Journal or Duty Officer’s Log
2028 Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms
2496 Disposition Form
2804 Crime Records Data Reference
2806-1-R Physical Security Inspection Report
2806-R Physical Security Survey Report
2818 Firearms Authorization
2823 Sworn Statement
3626 Vehicle Registration/Driver Record
3837 and Military Police Investigator Credentials
3837-1
3881 Rights Warning Procedure/Waiver Certificate
3945 Military Police Radio Log
3953 Purchase Request and Commitment
3975 Military Police Report
3997 Military Police Desk Blotter
3998 Military Police Desk Reference
4137 Evidence/Property Custody Document
4261 and Physical Security Inspector Identification Card
4261-1
4712-R Volunteer Agreement
4833 Commander’s Report of Disciplinary or Administrative Action
5070-R Justification Statement for .0015 Contingency Funds
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PAMPHLETS
5-3 Management Improvement Techniques for First Line Supervisors
5-9 Planning, Programming, Budgeting, Execution System
190-31 Crime Prevention Handbook
190-52 Personnel Security Precautions Against Acts of Terrorism
350-38 Standards in Weapons Training
420-7 Natural Resources—Land, Forest and Wildlife Management
600-8 Management and Administrative Procedures
608-28 Handbook on Volunteers in Army Community Service
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FORMS
460 Provisional Pass
497 Confinement Order
553(Test) Deserter/Absentee Wanted by the Armed Forces
629 Receipt of Prisoner or Detained Person
1131 Cash Collection Voucher
1348-1 DOD Single Line Item Release/Receipt Document
1408 Armed Forces Traffic Ticket
FM 19-10 227
1805 United States District Court Violation Notice
1920 Alcoholic Influence Report
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MANUAL
4160.21-M Defense Utilization and Disposal Manual
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REGULATIONS
5030.49-R Customs Inspection
5200.1-R DOD Information Security Program
FIELD MANUALS
19-1 Military Police Support for the AirLand Battle
19-4 Military Police Team, Squad, Platoon Combat Operations
19-15 Civil Disturbances
19-20 Law Enforcement Investigations
19-25 Military Police Traffic Operations
19-30 Physical Security
19-35 Military Police Working Dogs
19-60 Confinement and Correctional Treatment of US Military Prisoners
21-20 Physical Fitness Training
21-75 Combat Skills of the Soldier
23-9 M16A1 Rifle and Rifle Marksmanship
23-35 Pistols and Revolvers
90-14 Rear Battle
100-20 Low Intensity Conflict
NATO STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS/QUADRIPARTITE
STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS*
1001 Standardized System of Designating Days and Hours in Relation
to an Operation or Exercise
2025/591 Basic Military Road Traffic Regulations
2085 NATO Combined Military Police
2154/539 Regulations for Military Motor Vehicle Movement by Road
2155/561 Road Movement Bid and Credit
2159/540 Identification of Movement Control and Traffic Control
Personnel and Agencies
2253/174 Roads and Road Structures
TRAINING CIRCULARS
19-16 Countering Terrorism on US Army Installations
23-14 Sniper Training and Employment
90-6-1 Military Mountaineering
* NATO STANAGs/QSTAGs are available, upon request, from Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801
Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19210.
228 FM 19-10
TECHNICAL MANUAL
FM 19-10 229
230 FM 19-10
FM 19-10 231
232 FM 19-10
FM 19-10 233
234 FM 19-10
FM 19-10 235
FM 19-10
30 SEPTEMBER 1987
CARL E. VUONO
General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
R. L. DILWORTH
Brigadier General, United States Army
The Adjutant General
DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, USAR, and ARNG: To be distributed in accordance with DA Form 12-11A, Require-
ments for Military Police Operations (qty rqr block no. 1048).
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1994 O—161-016
PIN: 007163-000