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VARIABLE PLANCK SCALE MODEL
By: Paul HoilandSpecial thanks to the online yahoo group Stardrive former known as ESAA, FernandoLoup, and many others who have aided this creative research.:A
BSTRACT:
Cosmological theories and theories of fundamental physics must ultimately not onlyaccount for the structure and evolution of the universe, the physics of fundamentalinteractions but also an understanding of why this particular universe follows the physicsthat it does. Such theories must lead to an understanding of the values of the fundamentalconstants themselves. Moreover, the understanding of universe has to utilizeexperimental data from the present to deduce the state of the universe in distant regionsof the past and also account for certain peculiarities or coincidences observed.The prevalent view today in cosmology is the big bang, inflationary evolutionary model.Although certain problems have remained, e.g. the need to postulate cold, dark matter inamounts much larger than all the observable matter put together, dark matter not detectedso far in the laboratory or the recent need to re-introduce the cosmological constant, the big bang cosmology has, nevertheless, achieved impressive results (Silk 1989). Therehave also been recent observational evidence hinting at (Barrow and Magueijo 1998) hasrecently been found which seems to be consistent with a time-varying fine structureconstant α = e
2
/(hc). A varying speed of light theory (with h α c) has also been proposed by Albrecht and Magueijo(1998). Added to this we are confronted with a Pioneer slowdown that seems to require some modification to General Relativity and evidence of higher amounts of certain elements than the standard model can account for. Thesemixed messages could be found via one common model that stems from both the DutchEquation[1] and Fernando Loup’s model for hyperdrive[2] that was based upon thatequation.
BACKGROUND:
Fernando Loup has in several published articles offered a possible theoretical method of star travel via hyperspace out of modern brane theory. Part of this model involves theusage and implications of a certain Dutch equation in which the Planck scale is seen as avariable as far as size goes. A compact extra dimension has a completely different effecton the Newtonian Force law. In a D-dimensional space with one dimension compactifiedon circle of Radius R with an angular coordinates that is periodic with period 2p, the lineElement becomes
 
The force law derived from the potential that solves the Laplace equationBecomesnoncompact space dimensions, then D=4, but D-2=2, so the force law is still an inversesquare law. The Newtonian force law only cares about the number of noncompactdimensions. At distances much larger than R, An extra compact dimension can't bedetected gravitationally by an altered force law.But you might be asking how this extra space manages to act like its horizon is set at thehorizon of our universe? Part of the answer lies in its own local velocity of light. If thatvelocity crosses its own universe in 1 second then in essence as you shrink that universein volume size one still has a lightcone extending far further than our own. When you tryto compare both these frames even though C is a constant in any one frame the velocityof C remains different from each other. The result is any information carried from our space-time through it seems to transfer non-local due to differences in our measuring rod,while information transferred from hyperspace to here is forced to remain local so that weonly get a fraction of the total information.This is where the difference between quantum derived expectation values for the ZPF andobserved values comes into play. Quantum Theory deals with the Planck scale. By natureit measures value from this external frame of reference and derives answers that do notequal those based upon observation. If one knows the actual velocity of C withinhyperspace one can reduce those answers back to our observed ones simply by divisionof those answers by that value for C there. That leads one to assume that the localvelocity of C is some 120 powers higher in hyperspace than here. Such a large velocity asfar as localized lab experiments go would seem infinite. But if we could performquantum information transfer via entanglement over a very large distance then one coulddetect that actual local value for C in hyperspace. Dirac waves transfer throughhyperspace the same as they do here using the model I have proposed. The difference isin the wavelength spread due to the much faster local velocity of C. The energy spectrumis simply spread out to the point that we can only measure a small fraction of its totalenergy per Planck unit here. That’s why we observe an energy for the vacuum some 120 powers smaller than theory predicts. Its actual energy is the higher value. But we only see part of the picture due to the wave function spread. The only thing required to solve thisquantum problem is the acceptance of a two reference frame system instead of one.The effect of adding an extra compact dimension is more subtle than that. It causes theeffective gravitational constant to change by a factor of the volume 2pR of the compact
 
dimension. If R is very small, then gravity is going to be stronger in the lower dimensional compactified theory than in the full higher dimensional theory.So if this were our Universe, then Newton's constant that we measure in our noncompact3 space dimensions would have a strength equal to the full Newton's constant of the total4-dimensional space, divided by the volume of the compact dimension. The actualvolume internal for hyperspace is set by its lightcone horizon. In hyperspace all four forces (strong, weak, EM, and Gravity) are equal. But their transfer into our noncompact3 space dimensions alters these forces to all look different.This leads then to the issue that quantum information is different from normalinformation, yet, it in its own frame it is the same. In theory, normal information could besent through hyperspace. But to get the correct picture of that information so as to restoreit correctly we’d have to measure the return over a far longer time period. What we’d getis just bits of the information that we’d have to add together to get the whole message. Inessence every EM signal ever sent out has traveled through hyperspace. But we only getthe results back in a limited fashion here because of the frame difference. In essencethose signals traveled ahead in time all the way to their course end in a fraction of asecond there. But we only arrive at that point here in a much slower time rate.Consider a 5-dimensional space-time with space coordinates x
1
,x
2
,x
3
,x
4
and timecoordinate x
0
, where the x4 coordinate is rolled up into a circle of radius R so that x
4
isthe same as x
4
+2pR Suppose the metric components are all independent of x
4
. The space-time metric can bedecomposed into components with indices in the three noncompact directions (signified by a,b below) or with indices in the x
4
direction:The four ga
4
components of the metric look like the components of a space-time vector infour space-time dimensions that could be identified with the vector potential of electromagnetism with the usual field strength F
ab
The field strength is invariant under a a reparametrization of the compact x
4
dimensionvia
of 00

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