ATS Bao Cao Finish

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
C S TI TP H CH MINH
KHOA K THUT IN - IN T II
---------sec----------

Bo Co n Mn Hc
Thit k ngoi vi v k thut
ghp ni

ti:
KIT iu khin ngun ATS

SVTH: 1.Cao c Ha Anh. M Sv: 408190001
2. Nguyn L c Bo. M Sv: 408190005
3. Nguyn Nht Nam. M Sv: 408190020
4. L Xun Sn. M Sv: 408190028
Lp: 08TA1
Gio vin hng dn : Ths. Tn Tht Bo t.
Ths. Phm Th Duy.

HV Cng ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng ti: KIT iu khin ATS
GVHD: Ths. Tn Tht Bo t Trang 1
Ths. Phm Th Duy
LI CM N
e

u tin, chng em xin gi li cm n n cc thy v ton th thy c
ang cng tc ti trng,nh vo s ging dy ca qu thy c nhit tnh
truyn t nhng kin thc qu bu,chng em c nhng kin thc c bn
vn dng thc hin n ny.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n cc Thy, c Khoa in T 2, Ban Gim
Hiu Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng Thnh Ph H Ch Minh
gip chng em nng cao kin thc, c c hi tip cn v hc hi t nhng ti
c th nhm b sung cho nhng kin thc hc t nh trng. c bit, em xin
cm n su sc n Thy Tn Tht Bo t v Thy Phm Th Duy tn tnh
hng dn chng em thc hin ti ny.
Vi thi gian lm vic khng nhiu cng vi vn kin thc bn thn cn
nhiu hn ch nn ti khng trnh khi nhng thiu st.Chng em knh mong
nhn c nhiu kin ng gp t cc thy c th nng cao kin thc v p
dng vo nhng cng vic thc t sau ny.
Cui cng chng em xin knh chc cc thy nhng li chc tt p nht.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng c s H Ch Minh
Khoa in - in T II

ti:KIT iu khin ATS

H tn sinh vin: 1.Cao c Ha Anh. M Sv: 408190001
2. Nguyn L c Bo. M Sv: 408190005
3. Nguyn Nht Nam. M Sv: 408190020
4. L Xun Sn. M Sv: 408190028
Khoa : in - in T II
Ngnh : in t my tnh
Gio vin hng dn: Ths. Tn Tht Bo t.
Ths. Phm Th Duy.
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn:

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Ngy Thng Nm 2012
Gio vin hng dn

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Mc Lc
Ni dung trang
I. L do chn ti: .................................................................................................. 6
II. C s l thuyt....................................................................................................... 6
III. M t ti: ......................................................................................................... 6
IV. Tng quan v ti .............................................................................................. 7
V. S khi: ............................................................................................................ 8
VI. Nguyn l hot ng ............................................................................................ 8
VII. Cc khi chc nng c bn v phn mm Visual Basic ..................................... 9
1.Khi ngun: ......................................................................................................... 9
2. Khi RTC I2C-DS1307 .................................................................................... 10
3.Khi ADC .......................................................................................................... 16
4.Khi LCD .......................................................................................................... 22
5.Khi UART ....................................................................................................... 28
6. Khi Input ......................................................................................................... 35
7. Khi output ....................................................................................................... 36
8. Phn mm Visual Basic .................................................................................... 37
VIII. Lu gii thut v lp trnh .......................................................................... 42
1.Chng trnh ngt Timer 0 ................................................................................ 42
2.iu khin my pht .......................................................................................... 42
2.1 my pht: ............................................................................................... 42
2.2.Tt my pht ................................................................................................ 43
2.3 iu khin my pht .................................................................................... 43
3.iu khin cng tc t li ............................................................................... 45
4.iu khin cng tc t my pht ....................................................................... 46
5. Chng trnh RUN: .......................................................................................... 47
6. Chng trnh change_parameter ...................................................................... 48
7.Chng trnh PROGRAM ................................................................................. 49
8. Chng trnh change_time ............................................................................... 50
9. Chng trnh Time: .......................................................................................... 51
10. Chng trnh chnh ......................................................................................... 52
Ths. Phm Th Duy
11. Giao din chng trnh iu khin trn phn mm Visual Basic: .................. 52
12.Qu trnh truyn nhn d liu .......................................................................... 53
IX. Kt lun: ............................................................................................................. 55
X. Ti liu tham kho ............................................................................................... 56

Ph lc hnh nh v bng biu trang
Hinh 5.1: S khi KIT iu khin ATS8
Hnh 7.1.1: Khi ngun 5V9
Hnh 7.1.2: Khi ngun 12V9
Hnh 7.2.1: S nguyn l khi RTC10
Hnh 7.2.2: Hai gi cu to chip DS 1307...10
Hnh 7.2.3: Cc bc truyn d liu t Master n Slaver trn I2C...11
Hnh 7.2.4 : Cc bc c d liu t Slaver ti Master trn I2C11
Hnh 7.2.5: T chc b nh ca DS1307.13
Hnh 7.2.6: T chc cc thanh ghi thi gian ...13
Hnh 7.2.7: Thanh ghi iu khin DS1037..14
Hnh 7.2.8: S lm vic vi DS1307..15
Hnh 7.3.1: S nguyn l khi ADC...16
Hnh 7.3.2: IC LM3517
Hnh 7.3.3: Thanh ghi ADMUX..18
Hnh 7.3.4: Thanh ghi ADCSRA.18
Hnh 7.3.5: Thanh ghi ADCH,ADCL..20
Hnh 7.3.6: Thanh ghi SFIOR..20
Hnh 7.4.1: Text LCD 16x2.22
Hnh 7.4.2: S nguyn l khi LCD...22
Hnh 7.4.3: T chc ca DDRAM...23
Hnh 7.4.4: Bng m ASCII ca text LCD..24
Hnh 7.4.5: Trnh t giao tip vi Text LCD...27
Hnh 7.5.1: S nguyn l khi convert R28S232-RS485..28
Hnh 7.5.2: S nguyn l khi RS48528
Hnh 7.5.3: Cng DB9 (RS232)..29
Hnh 7.5.4: Thanh ghi UDR 31
Hnh 7.5.5: Thanh ghi UCSRA31
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Hnh 7.5.6: Thanh ghi UCSRB32
Hnh 7.5.7: Thanh ghi UCSRC33
Hnh 7.6.1: S nguyn l khi Input...35
Hnh 7.7.1: S nguyn l khi output.36
Hnh 7.7.2: Rle trung gian..36
Hnh 7.7.3: Cng tc t37
Hnh 7.7.4: S u ni cc Rle.37
Hnh7.8.1: Giao din phn mm Visual Basic 6.0.38
Hnh 7.8.2: Cc tool c bn chng trnh VB 6.0...39
Hnh 7.8.3: Mn hnh lp trnh VB..40
Hnh 8.2.1: Gii thut chng trnh my pht42
Hnh 8.2.2: Gii thut chng trnh tt my pht43
Hnh 8.2.3: Gii thut chng trnh iu khin my pht44
Hnh 8.3: Gii thut chng trnh ng cng tc t li.45
Hnh 8.4: Gii thut chng trnh ng cng tc t my pht.46
Hnh 8.5: Gii thut chng trnh RUN...47
Hnh 8.6: Gii thut chng trnh change_parameter.48
Hnh 8.7: Gii thut chng trnh PROGRAM...49
Hnh 8.8: Gii thut chng trnh change_time..50
Hnh 8.9: Gii thut chng trnh TIME.51
Hnh 8.10: Gii thut chng trnh chnh52
Hnh 8.11: Giao din chng trnh iu khin KIT ATS....52
Bng 7.2.1: Bng chn tn s ng ra SQW..15
Bng 7.3.1: Bng chn in p tham chiu..18
Bng 7.3.2: Bng h s chia tn s ADC.19
Bng 7.3.3: Bng chn ch hot ng ADC...20
Bng 7.4.1: Tp lnh iu khin LCD.25
Bng 7.5.1: Chn di d liu truyn...33
Bng 7.5.2: Cng thc tnh tc BAUD...34
Bng 8.1: Th t cc gi tin gi t KIT ln my tnh.53
Bng 8.2: Bng m lnh my tnh iu khin KIT ATS......54
Ths. Phm Th Duy
I. L do chn ti:
Ngy nay cc h thng, thit b in c s dng rng ri nhm phc v cuc
sng con ngi v d nh cc trm vin thng BTS, cc dy truyn sn xut, h
thng in trong nh v.v
Tuy nhin, trong iu kin ca nc ta khi vo ma kh lun xy ra tnh trng
thiu in, mt in xy ra thng xuyn kh m lng trc c. Gy nh
hng n sn xut v i sng.
Khi cn phi c mt h thng chuyn tip a ngun in d phng vo
cung cp cho cc thit b s dng in trong iu kin khng c ngi trc thng
xuyn.
Kit iu khin ngun ATS l mt la chn thch hp cho yu cu trn. Do
chng em chn KIT iu khin ATS lm ti mn hc ca mnh.
II. C s l thuyt
Da trn nhng kin thc hc v mch in t, cc linh kin, kin thc v vi
iu khin v kin thc v lp trnh trn phn mm Visual Basic. Chng em tm
hiu v h thng chuyn mch ngun (ATS) v nhn thy c th thit k v thi
cng KIT iu khin ngun ATS. Do chng em ng k ti ny cho mn hc
ca mnh.
Trn KIT iu khin c mt s giao tip nh sau:
- Giao tip LCD.
- Giao tip truyn thng ni tip UART chun RS232 v RS485.
- Giao tip I2C.
- Giao tip ADC.
- Giao tip bn phm 6 phm.
- Giao tip I/O vi cc thit b ngoi vi
Kh nng chng nhiu ca Atmega16 l kh tt v n p ng y cc khi
chc nng h thng yu cu, v vy nhm chng em chn s dng vi iu khin
Atmega16 cho mch ca mnh.
III. M t ti:
S dng kit iu khin vi viiu khin ATmega16 thu thp d liu: Mc
nht (high or low), mc du (high or low) ca my pht in; trng thi ca ngun
li v ngun my pht; mc Acquy, nhit (Sensor LM35), thi gian (Chip
Ths. Phm Th Duy
DS1307). T x l d liu iu khin ng ngt my pht v cc cng tc t
ngun li v cng tc t ngun my pht in.
Kit iu khin giao tip vi my tnh qua chun RS-485. S dng b chuyn
i RS-232 sang RS-485 v ngc li.
Trn my tnh dng phn mm Visual Basic lp trnh giao din giao tip vi
ngi dng.
IV. Tng quan v ti:
1. tin cy:
S dng cc linh kin tt c bn cao nn KIT c kh nng hot ng trong
thi gian di v lin tc, bn cao.
Mch c thit k sao cho vic lp t l d dng nht, c chia thnh cc
khi chc nng r rng nn vic bo tr bo hnh s thun tin.
S dng ng truyn ring t KIT n my tnh nn kh nng bo mt cao,
khng b nh cp d liu hay b iu khin t nhng phn t bn ngoi.
Mch s dng ngun thp v cng sut nh nn rt an ton cho ngi s dng.
2. Hiu sut:
KIT iu khin c thit k ti u t hiu sut cao nht.
3. Gi thnh:
Cc linh kin c gi thnh hp l nn gi thnh sn phm thp.
So vi PLC th KIT iu khin trong h thng ny c chc nng tng t nhng
gi thnh thp hn rt nhiu.
4. Ngun linh kin:
Nhp linh kin t cc ca hng uy tn vi sn phm cht lng.
5. Thi gian hon thnh:(01/02/2012 15/4/2012: 10 tun)
Tun 1: Tm hiu v vi iu khin Atmega16 v cc khi chc nng, phn
mm Visual Basic.
Tun 2: Thit k v m phng cc khi chc nng.
Tun 3: Thit k s nguyn l,.
Tun 5: V mch in v lm board mch.
Tun 6-7: Thi cng mch v vit chng trnh iu khin, vit giao din iu
khin trn VB, m phng hot ng ca mch trn phn mm Protues.
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Tun 7-8: Kim tra hot ng v hiu chnh mch.
Tun 9:Hon chnh mch.
Tun 10: Vit bo co.
V. S khi:

Hinh 5.1: S khi KIT iu khin ATS
VI. Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi mt in li ti s s dng in t bnh Acquy, khi mc Acquy xung
di ngng ci t sn tn hiu iu khin khi ng my pht tch cc my
pht. Khi c tn hiu bo ngun in my pht sn sng s ng cng tc t cp
ngun cho ti t my pht in. Khi c li tr li s ng cng tc t li ng
thi tn hiu off my pht tch cc tt my pht. Mch c ci t thi gian delay
ch cho ngun in n nh sau mi ng cng tc t cp ngun.
LCD dng hin th mt s thng tin cn thit. VD: Trng thi cc cng tc
t, nhit , mc Acquy, thi gian
Khi Keypad 6 phm dng truy cp vo menu iu chnh cc thng s
ngng nh nhit , mc Acquy, thi gian delay,..
B dao ng thi gian thc (DS1307) cho d liu v thi gian. Hin th thi
gian ny ln LCD v truyn v my tnh. Ngoi ra ta c th thit lp chc nng tt
b iu khin vo nhng thi gian khng cn thit.
Ths. Phm Th Duy
- VD : Mt s nh my dng nhiu trm ATS phc v cho sn xut. Vo
ban m khng sn xut, ch dng in chiu sng ta c th tt mt s
trm ATS, trnh trng hp mt in li vo ban m my pht s hot
ng gy lng ph. Bt li vo thi gian sn xut.
Kit iu khin truyn ln my tnh cc thng tin nh: Trng thi cc cng tc t,
nhit , mc Acquy, thi gian
PC truyn xung KIT iu khin cc thng s ci t thi gian cho RTC. iu
khin my pht v cc cng tc t thng qua khi RS232-RS485.
Nt Test iu khin cc u ra chy theo mt quy trnh nh sn.
Nt Manual/Auto chn ch iu khin cho t iu khin, iu khin bng
tay bng cc nt nhn trn mt t hoc t ng bng KIT iu khin. Nu ch
Manual KIT iu khin tt cc tn hiu tch cc iu khin cc rle, cho php iu
khin bng cc switch trn mt t iu khin, v ch bo mn hnh LCD.
VII. Cc khi chc nng c bn v phn mm Visual Basic.
1.Khi ngun:

Hnh 7.1.1: Khi ngun 5V

Hnh 7.1.2: Khi ngun 12V
Khi ngun gm 2 phn : Ngun 5V cp ngun cho vi x l v LCD, ngun 12V
cp ngun hot ng cho rle.
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Khi ngun vi input 220AC, qua IC n p LM7805 v LM7812 kt hp vi cc t
lc gip ngun ra l ngun 1 chiu phng.
Thng s LM7805 v 7812:
LM7805: Input: 7-20V Output: 4.75-5.25V, 5mA-1A.
LM7812: Input: 14.5-27V Output: 11.4-12.6V, 5mA-1A.
2. Khi RTC I2C-DS1307:
S nguyn l:
Hnh 7.2.1: S nguyn l khi RTC

S dng 2 dy tn hiu (SDA v SCL) truyn d liu theo giao thc I2C.
Hnh 7.2.2: Hai gi cu to chip DS 1307

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Khung truyn I2C:

Hnh 7.2.3: Cc bc truyn d liu t Master n Slaver trn I2C

Hnh 7.2.4 : Cc bc c d liu t Slaver ti Mastertrn I2C

a ch ca DS1307 c set c nh l 1101000
Gii thiu v ng h thi gian thc DS 1307 (Real time clock):
- DS 1307 Real time clock c th m gi, pht, giy, thng, ngy ca thng,
ngy ca tun, nm k c nm nhun (n nm 2100).
- C 56 byte Ram lu tr d liu, nhng d liu khng b mt khi tt
ngun.
- C th lp trnh c xut tn hiu xung vung.
- T ng pht hin ra ngun cung cp b li (ngt ngun) v chuyn qua
mch bo v s dng ngun pin d tr.
Nguyn l hot ng :
- DS1307 hot ng nh mt slaver trn bus d liu ni tip. truy xut ni
dung ta phi thit lp mt iu kin Start v cung cp m nhn dng ca IC
(Device Identification Code) theo sau bi thanh ghi a ch. Cc thanh ghi
theo sau c truy xut tun t cho n khi gp tn hiu Stop.
- Khi VCC = 1.25Vbat th DS1307 s kt thc vic truy xut v reset li b
m a ch. Cc Input s khng c nhn ra ti thi im ny ngn
nga mt s lng ln d liu c ghi ti DS1307 t h thng bn ngoi.
Khi VCC < Vbat th IC ny s chuyn sang mode s dng pin d tr. Khi
Ths. Phm Th Duy
ngun chnh c bt ln th IC ny s chuyn t dng ngun pin sang dng
ngun chnh.
Cc tn hiu Input v Output
- VCC, GND : Ngun DC c cung cp cho IC qua nhng chn ny. Khi
gn vo ngun 5V th IC ny c th c ghi bnh thng. Nhng khi ngun
gim xung cn 3V th vic c ghi s khng c php. Tuy nhin, cc
chc nng ca timer vn tip tc vi ngun cung cp thp. Khi Vcc gim
xung di VBAT th RAM v timekeeper c chuyn qua s dng ngun
cung cp ti VBAT.
- VBAT : Cung cp ngun d tr 3V. hot ng ch s dng ngun
Vbat th 2.0V < Vbat < 3.5V. Khi VCC gn bng 1.25VBAT th chng ta s
khng c php truy xut vo RTC (Real time clock) v Ram bn trong
ca IC.
- SCL (Serial Clock Input) : SCL c dng ng b d liu trn ng
truyn ni tip.
- SDA (Serial Data Input/Output) : SDA l chn I/O. SDA l chn Open drain
nn cn c in tr ko ln bn ngoi.
- SQW/OUT (Square Wave/Output Driver) : Khi c bt ln, th bit SQWE
set ln 1, v chn ny s output ra 1 trong 4 tn s sng vung l 1hz, 4khz,
8khz, 32khz. Chn ny cng l chn Open drain nn cng yu cu c in
tr ko ln ngun bn ngoi. SQW/OUT s hot ng khi c ngun cung
cp vo cho d l ngun VCC hay l VBAT.
- X1, X2 : Kt ni vi thch anh 32.768Khz. Mch to xung bn trong c
thit k hot ng vi thch anh v t CL = 12.5 pF.
B nh DS1307 c tt c 64 thanh ghi 8-bit c nh a ch t 0 n 63 (t
0x00 n 0x3F theo h hexadecimal). Tuy nhin, thc cht ch c 8 thanh ghi u
l dng cho chc nng ng h, cn li 56 thanh ghi b trng c th c dng
cha bin tm nh RAM nu mun. By thanh ghi u tin cha thng tin v thi
gian ca ng h bao gm: giy (SECONDS), pht (MINUETS), gi (HOURS),
th (DAY), ngy (DATE), thng (MONTH) v nm (YEAR). Vic ghi gi tr vo 7
thanh ghi ny tng ng vi vic ci t thi gian khi ng cho RTC. Vic c
Ths. Phm Th Duy
gi t 7 thanh ghi l c thi gian thc m chip to ra. Thanh ghi th
8(CONTROL) l thanh ghi iu khin xung ng ra SQW/OUT (chn 6).

Hnh 7.2.5: T chc b nh ca DS1307
Hnh 7.2.6: T chc cc thanh ghi thi gian.
- Thanh ghi giy (SECONDS: thanh ghi ny l thanh ghi u tin trong b nh
ca DS1307, a ch ca n l 0x00. Bn bit thp ca thanh ghi ny cha m
BCD 4-bit ca ch s hng n v ca gi tr giy. Do gi tr cao nht ca ch
s hng chc l 5 (khng c giy 60 !) nn ch cn 3 bit (cc bit SECONDS 6:4)
l c th m ha c (s 5 =101, 3 bit). Bit cao nht, bit 7, trong thanh ghi ny
l 1 iu khin c tn CH (Clock halt; treo ng h), nu bit ny c set bng
Ths. Phm Th Duy
1 b dao ng trong chip b v hiu ha, ng h khng hot ng. V vy, nht
thit phi reset bit ny xung 0 ngay t u.
- Thanh ghi pht (MINUTES): c a ch 0x01, cha gi tr pht ca ng h.
Tng t thanh ghi SECONDS, ch c 7 bit ca thanh ghi ny c dng lu
m BCD ca pht, bit 7 lun lun bng 0.
- Thanh ghi gi (HOURS): Thanh ghi ny c a ch 0x02. Trc ht 4-bits thp
ca thanh ghi ny c dng cho ch s hng n v ca gi. Do DS1307 h
tr 2 loi h thng hin th gi (gi l mode) l 12h (1h n 12h) v 24h (1h n
24h) gi, bit6 xc lp h thng gi. Nu bit6=0 th h thng 24h c chn, khi
2 bit cao 5 v 4 dng m ha ch s hng chc ca gi tr gi. Do gi tr ln
nht ca ch s hng chc trong trng hp ny l 2 (=10, nh phn) nn 2 bit 5
v 4 l m ha. Nu bit6=1 th h thng 12h c chn, vi trng hp
ny ch c bit 4 dng m ha ch s hng chc ca gi, bit 5 ch bui trong
ngy, AM hoc PM. Bit5 =0 l AM v bit5=1 l PM. Bit 7 lun bng 0.
- Thanh ghi th (DAY: ngy trong tun): nm a ch 0x03. Thanh ghi DAY
ch mang gi tr t 1 n 7 tng ng t Ch nht n th 7 trong 1 tun. V
th, ch c 3 bit thp trong thanh ghi ny c ngha.
- Cc thanh ghi cn li c cu trc tng t, DATE cha ngy trong thng (1 n
31), MONTH cha thng (1 n 12) v YEARcha nm (00 n 99). DS1307
ch dng cho 100 nm, nn gi tr nm ch c 2 ch s, phn u ca nm do
ngi dng t thm vo (v d 20xx)
- Thanh ghi iu khin (Control Register) :
Thanh ghi iu khin ca DS1307 c s dng iu khin hot ng
ca chn SQW/OUT.
Hnh 7.2.7: Thanh ghi iu khin DS1037
Out (Output control) : Bt ny iu khin mc logic xut ra trn chn
SQW/OUT khi m sng vung khng c kch hot. Nu SQWE = 0, th
mc logic trn chn SQW/OUT l 1 nu OUT = 1, v l 0 nu OUT = 0.
Ths. Phm Th Duy
SQWE (Square Wave Enabel) : Bt ny khi c set ln mc 1 th s kch
hot mch dao ng xut ra ngoi. Tn s ca sng vung ph thuc vo gi
tr bt RS0 v RS1. Vi sng vung xut ra 1Hz th thanh ghi clock s cp
nhp d liu khi c cnh xung ca xung vung.
RS (Rate select) : Nhng bit ny iu khin tn s ca sng vung c
xut ra trn chn SQW/OUT. Bng sau lit k ra cc tn s c th c chn
bi 2 bit RS ny.
Bng 7.2.1: Bng chn tn s ng ra SQW

S lm vic vi DS1307 nh sau:

Hnh 7.2.8: S lm vic vi DS1307

Ths. Phm Th Duy
+ Lp trnh khi ng RTC v cc lnh ci t v ly d liu RTC trong
Codevision:

Cc lnh ci t thi gian:

Cc lnh ly d liu RTC t DS1307:

3.Khi ADC:
S nguyn l:

Hnh 7.3.1: S nguyn l khi ADC

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Hnh 7.3.2: IC LM35
ATMEGA16 c 8 knh ADC l chc nng th 2 ca PORTA. Theo datasheet
LM35 th c 10mV tng ng vi
C,
C in p ra l 0V, tng ng vi gi
tr ADC l 0. Vi Vref=5V, gi tr ca ADC t 0 n 255, ly trn 250 mc. Mi
gi tr ADC ng vi 5V/250= 20 mV. Vy 1 gi tr ADC ng vi
C. Mun tng
phn gii ADC ta gim Vref. T ta c cng thc tnh nhit
Temp=read_adc(LM35out)/2. Tng t ta c cng thc tnh mc Acquy
DC=read_adc(DCout)/2.
Khi ADC trong Atmega16:
phn gii 8 hoc 10bit
Sai s +/-2 LSB/bit
Thi gian chuyn i t 13-26us
Tc ln ti 15kSBS phn gii ln nht
8 knh vo n
7 knh vo vi sai (so snh)
2 knh vo vi sai c h s nhn ty chn (10x, 200x-cha kim nh vi
loiPDIP)
Kt qu bin i c th cn chnh c(tri hoc phi).
Di in p vo t 0-Vcc
C in p tham chiu ni 2,56V
Ch Free running hoc Single.
C th kch hot hot ng bi cc ngun khc nhau(Auto Trigering)
Bt ngt sau khi chuyn i xong

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Thanh ghi:
C 4 thanh trong b ADC trn AVR trong c 2 thanh ghi data cha d liu sau
khichuyn i, 2 thanh ghi iu khin v cha trng thi ca ADC.
ADMUX (ADC Multiplexer Selection Register): l 1 thanh ghi 8 bit iu khin
vic chn in p tham chiu, knh v ch hot ng ca ADC. Chc nng ca
tng bit trn thanh ghi ny s c trnh by c th nh sau:

Hnh 7.3.3: Thanh ghi ADMUX
Tng bit ca thanh ghi ADMUX c m t nh sau:
- Bit 7:6- REFS1:0 (Reference Selection Bits): l cc bit chn in p tham
chiu cho ADC, 1 trong 3 ngun in p tham chiu c th c chn l:
in p ngoi t chn VREF, in p tham chiu ni 2.56V hoc in p
AVCC.
Bng 7.3.1: Bng chn in p tham chiu

- Bit 5 ADLAR: ADC Left Adjust Result.Bng 1 c chnh tri. Mc nh
bng 0, chnh phi.
- Bit 4:0 MUX4:0 Cc bit chn knh vo v h s.
ADCSRA (ADC Control and Status RegisterA): l thanh ghi chnh iu khin
hot ng v cha trng thi ca module ADC.

Hnh 7.3.4: Thanh ghi ADCSRA
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Tng bit ca thanh ghi ADCSRA c m t nh sau:
- Bit 7 ADEN: ADC Enable. 1/0 En/Dis
- Bit 6 ADSC: ADC Start Convertion 1 to start. When complete reach 0
- Bit 5 ADATE: ADC Auto Trigger Enable Chn ngun khi to bng bit
ADTS trong thanh ghi SFIOR
- Bit 4 ADIF: ADC Interrupt Flag.Bng 1 khi ADC chuyn i xong v d
liu c cp nht
- Bit 3 ADIE: ADC Interrupt EnableKhi bit =1 v bit I trong SREG =1 th
ngt c thit lp
- Bit 2:0 ADPS2:0 : ADC Prescaler Selection.Dng thit lp h s chia
gia tn s ca h thng v tn s ca b ADC.
Bng 7.3.2: Bng h s chia tn s ADC

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Hai thanh ghi cha d liu kt qu ADCH, ADCL

Hnh 7.3.5: Thanh ghi ADCH,ADCL
SFIOR Special FunctionIO Register

Hnh 7.3.6: Thanh ghi SFIOR
- Bit 7:5 ADTS2:0 : ADC Auto Trigger Source. Nu ADATE = 1 th cc bit
chn s c tc dng, ngc li = 0 s khng c tc dng
Bng 7.3.3: Bng chn ch hot ng ADC

- Bit 4: Reserved bit

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Lp trnh khi ng ADC v chng trnh con c ADC:
Khi ng ADC
Set Wizard khi ng ADC trong CodeVision:
Cc thanh ghi khi ng ADC

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Chng trnh con c ADC:

4.Khi LCD:
Hnh 7.4.1: Text LCD 16x2
S kt ni khi LCD 16x2 ch giao tip 4 bit vi ATmega16:
Hnh 7.4.2: S nguyn l khi LCD

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Thanh ghi v t chc b nh:
HD44780U (Chun chung cho Text LCD) c 2 thanh ghi 8 bits l
INSTRUCTION REGISTER (IR) v DATA REGISTER (DR). Thanh ghi IR cha
m lnh iu khin LCD v l thanh ghi ch ghi (ch c th ghi vo thanh ghi ny
m khng c c n).Thanh ghi DR cha cc cc loi d liu nh k t cn hin
th hoc d liu c ra t b nh LCD. C 2 thanh ghi u c ni vi cc ng
d liu D0:7 ca Text LCD v c la chn ty theo cc chn iu khin RS,
RW.
HD44780U c 3 loi b nh, l b nh RAM d liu cn hin th
DDRAM(Didplay Data RAM), b nh cha ROM cha b font to ra k t
CGROM (Character Generator ROM) v b nh RAM cha b font to ra cc
symbol ty chn CGRAM (Character Generator RAM).
- DDRAM: DDRAM l b nh tm cha cc k t cn hin th ln LCD, b nh
ny gm c 80 c chia thnh 2 hng, mi c rng 8 bit v c nh s t
0 n 39 cho dng 1; t 64 n 103 cho dng 2. Mi nh tng ng vi 1 trn
mn hnh LCD. Nh chng ta bit LCD loi 16x2 c th hin th ti a 32 k t (c
32 hin th), v th c mt s nh ca DDRAM khng c s dng lm cc
hin th.

Hnh 7.4.3: T chc ca DDRAM
Ch c 16 nh c a ch t 0 n 15 v 16 a ch t 64 n 79 l c hin th
trn LCD. V th mun hin th mt k t no trn LCD chng ta cn vit k t
vo DDRAM 1 trong 32 a ch trn. Cc k t nm ngoi 32 nh trn s
khng c hin th, tuy nhin vn khng b mt i, chng c th c dng cho
cc mc ch khc nu cn thit
- CGROM: CGROM l vng nh c nh cha nh ngha font cho cc k t.
Chng ta khng trc tip truy xut vng nh ny m chip HD44780U s t thc
Ths. Phm Th Duy
hin khi c yu cu c font hin th. Mt iu ng lu l a ch font ca
mi k t vng nh CGROM chnh l m ASCII ca k t .

Hnh 7.4.4: Bng m ASCII ca text LCD
- CGRAM: CGRAM l vng nh cha cc symbol do ngi dng t nh
ngha, mi symbol c c kch thc 5x8 v c dnh cho 8 nh 8 bit. Cc
symbol thng c nh ngha trc v c gi hin th khi cn thit.Vng ny
c tt c 64 nh nn c ti a 8 symbol c th c nh ngha.
iu khin hin th Text LCD
Cc chn iu khin LCD:
RS(chn s 3): La chn thanh ghi.
RS=0 : chn thanh ghi lnh IR
RS=1 : chn thanh ghi d liu DR
RW(chn s 4): La chn vic c ghi.
R/W=1: c d liu r LCD.
R/W=0: Ghi d liu vo LCD.
EN(chn s 5): Chn cho php LCD hot ng.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Bng 7.4.1: Tp lnh iu khin LCD.

- Clear Display: Xa ht mn hnh bng cch ghi cc k t trng 0x20 ln
DDRAM v tr con tr DDRAM v v tr 0.
- Return Cusore Home: a con tr v v tr ban u nhng khng xa d liu
trong DDRAM.
- Entry mode set:Xc lp cc hin th lin tip cho LCD.
D7:0 = 0x04 (00000100): hin th gim v khng shift
D7:0 = 0x05 (00000101) : hin th gim v shift
D7:0 = 0x06 (00000110) : hin th tng v khng shift
D7:0 = 0x07 (00000111) : hin th tng v shift
- Display on/off: Bt hay tt mn hnh, con tr v trng thi nhp nhy ca con
tr tng ng bng cc bit D, C, B. trong D (Display) cho php hin th LCD
nu mang gi tr 1, C (Cursor) bng 1 th cursor s c hin th v B l blinking
cho cursor ti v tr hin th (blinking l dng 1 en nhp nhy ti v tr k t ang
Ths. Phm Th Duy
hin th). M lnh c dng ph bin cho lnh ny l 0x0E (00001110 - hin th
cursor nhng khng hin th blinking).
- Cursor and Display Shift: Di chuyn con tr v dch ton b mn hnh m
khng thay i ni dung trong DD RAM.
- Function Set: xc lp chc nng cho LCD: y l lnh thit lp phng thc
giao tip vi LCD, kch thc font ch v s lng line ca LCD. Trong nu
DL=1 (DL: Data Length) th mode giao tip 8 bit s c dng, lc ny tt c cc
chn t D0 n D7 phi c kt ni vi b iu khin ngoi. Nu DL=0 th mode
4 bit c dng, trong trng hp ny ch c 4 chn D4:7 c dng truyn
nhn d liu v kt ni vi b iu khin ngoi, cc chn D0:3 c trng. N
quy nh s dng ca LCD, v chng ta ang kho st LCD loi hin th 2 dng nn
N=1 (N=0 cho trng hp LCD 1 dng). F l kch thc font ch hin th, do LCD
c 2 b font ch c sn trong CGROM nn chng ta cn la chn thng qua bit F,
nu F=1 b font 5x10 c s dng v nu F=0 th font 5x8 c hin th. 2 bit
thp trong m lnh ny c th c gn gi tr ty . M lnh c dng ph bin
cho lnh function set l 0x38 (00111000 giao tip 8 bit, 2 dng vi font 5x8 ) hoc
0x28 (00101000 giao tip 4 bit, 2 dng vi font 5x8 ).
- Set CG RAM Adress: t a ch truy cp ti b nh to k t Character
Generation RAM (trong trng hp mun to v s dng cc k t theo
mong mun)
- Set DD RAM Adress:nh v tr con tr cho DDRAM: di chuyn con tr n
mt v tr ty trong DDRAM v v th c th c dng chn v tr cn hin
th trn LCD. thc hin lnh ny cn reset RS=0. Bit MSB ca m lnh (D7)
phi bng 1, 7 bit cn li ca m lnh chnh l a ch DDRAM mun di chuyn
n.
- Read Busy Flag and Address: Kim tra trng thi bn ca LCD, trng
thi bn c tr v bt DB[7], cc bit cn li DB[6:0] l gi tr a ch DD RAM
hin hnh.
- Write Data to CGRAM or DDRAM: Ghi d liu vo cc RAM tng
ng trong LCD. Lnh ny s dng in cc k t ra mn hnh, khi con tr a
Ths. Phm Th Duy
ch RAM tng ng t ng dch chuyn ln 1 hoc xung 1 ty thit lp
bi Entry mode set.
- Read Data from CGRAM or DDRAM: c vo cc RAM tng ng
trong LCD. Con tr a ch RAM tng ng cng t ng tng hay gim 1 n v
ty thuc thit lp bi Entry mode set.
Trnh t giao tip Text LCD:

Hnh 7.4.5: Trnh t giao tip vi Text LCD
Cc lnh trong th vin LCD.h

Ths. Phm Th Duy
5.Khi UART:
+ S nguyn l:
Khi convert RS485-RS232:

Hnh 7.5.1: S nguyn l khi convert RS232-RS485
Khi giao tip RS485 vi Atmega16
Hnh 7.5.2: S nguyn l khi RS485
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Khi USART gm mt 2 IC 75176 (mt truyn mt nhn) bin i tn hiu
USART dng TTL t Atmega16 theo chun RS485, sau tn hiu RS485 c
chuyn sang tn hiu RS232 ph hp vi mc logic ca my tnh.

Hnh 7.5.3: Cng DB9 (RS232)
+ Gii thiu chun RS232:
Chun RS232 s dng 3 chn: TX(truyn Chn s 3), RX(nhn Chn s 2)
v GND (t Chn s 5)
Chiu di kt ni ln nht m bo d liu l 12,5 n 25,4m ; tc
20kbit/s, i khi l tc 115kbit/s vi mt s thit b c bit.
u im:
- Kh nng chng nhiu ca cc cng ni tip cao.
- Thit b ngoi vi c th tho lp ngay c khi my tnh ang c cp in.
- Cc mch in n gin c th nhn c in p ngun nui qua cng
ni tip.
c im cn lu :
- Chun RS232 c mc gii hn trn v di (logic 0 v 1) l 12V.Tr
khng ti phi ln hn 3000 v nh hn 7000.
Mc 1: -3V n -12V.
Mc 0: +3V n +12V.
- Cc li vo phi c in dung nh hn 2500pF.
- di ca cp kt ni khng vt qu 15m nu khng s dng model.
Ths. Phm Th Duy
- Cc gi tr truyn d liu chun: (Tc BAUD) 50, 75, 110, 750, 300,
600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 28800, 38400....56600, 115200 bps.
+ Gii thiu chun RS485:
Tn hiu t my tnh theo chun RS-232 c mc in p l 12V phi isang
mc TTL 0 -> 5V dng vi mch MAX 232, sau tn hiu n c i sang
tn hiu vi sai dng vi mch MAX 485. in p vi sai phi ln hn 350mV.
Nu Vab> 350mV ta coi nh logic 1 c truyn cn nu Vab < -350mV th
logic 0 c truyn.
Vi RS-485 tc truyn c th t n 10Mbs v chiu di cp c th ln n
1.2km.
Qu trnh truyn d liu:
- Khung truyn:
Start bit: Thng bo cho b nhn bit mt k t s c gi n trong
ln truyn bit tip theo.
Data bit: c gi di dng m ASCII (c th l 5,6,7 hay 8 bit d
liu)
Parity bit: Kim tra bit chn, l (c th c hoc khng)
Stop bit: Thng bo cho b nhn rng mt gi d liu gi xong.
(c th l 1, 1,5 hoc 2 bit)
Khung truyn ph bin l: Start bit + 8 bit data + 1 stop bit.
Tc BAUD: S bit truyn c trong 1s. Cn thit lp tc BAUD gia
cc thit b truyn nhn d liu l ging nhau.
Cc thanh ghi ca khi UART:
UDR: hay thanh ghi d liu, l 1 thanh ghi 8 bit cha gi tr nhn c v pht
i ca USART. Thc cht thanh ghi ny c th coi nh 2 thanh ghi TXB (Transmit
data Buffer) v RXB (Reveive data Buffer) c chung a ch. c UDR thu c
gi tr thanh ghi m d liu nhn, vit gi tr vo UDR tng ng t gi tr vo
thanh ghi m pht, chun b gi i.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
UCSRA:(USART Control and Status Register A): l 1 trong 3 thanh ghi iu
khin hot ng ca module USART.
Hnh 7.5.4: Thanh ghi UCSRA
- Thanh ghi UCSRA ch yu cha cc bit trng thi nh bit bo qu trnh
nhn kt thc (RXC), truyn kt thc (TXC), bo thanh ghi d liu trng (UDRE),
khung truyn c li (FE), d liu trn (DOR), kim tra parity c li (PE)
- Mt s bit quan trng ca thanh ghi ny.
UDRE (USART Data Register Empty) khi bit ny bng 1 ngha l thanh
ghi d liu UDR ang trng v sn sng cho mt nhim v truyn hay
nhn tip theo
U2X l bit ch nh gp i tc truyn, khi bit ny c set ln 1, tc
truyn s cao gp 2 ln so vi khi bit ny mang gi tr 0.
MPCMl bit chn ch hot ng a x l (multi-processor).
UCSRB (USART Control and Status Register B): y l thanh ghi quan trng
iu khin USART. V th chng ta s kho st chi tit tng bit ca thanh ghi
ny.
Hnh 7.5.5: Thanh ghi UCSRB
- RXCIE (Receive Complete Interrupt Enable) l bit cho php ngt khi qu
trnh nhn kt thc.
- TXCIE (Transmit Complete Interrupt Enable) bit cho php ngt khi qu
trnh truyn kt thc.
- UDRIE (USART Data Register Empty Interrupt Enable) l bit cho php
ngt khi thanh ghi d liu UDR trng.
- RXEN (Receiver Enable) kch hot chc nng nhn d liu.
- TXEN (Transmitter Enable) khi ng b pht ca USART.
Ths. Phm Th Duy
- UCSZ2 (Chracter size) bit ny kt hp vi 2 bit khc trong thanh ghi
UCSRC quy nh di ca d liu truyn/nhn.
- RXB8 (Receive Data Bit 8) gi l bit d liu 8, bit ny c dung trong lc
nhn d liu.
- TXB8 (Transmit Data Bit 8) bit th 9 truyn thng, bit ny c dung trong
lc truyn d liu.
UCSRC (USART Control and Status Register C): thanh ghi ny ch yu quy
nh khung truyn v ch truyn. Tuy nhin, thanh ghi ny c cng a ch
vi thanh ghi UBRRH (thanh ghi cha byte cao dng xc lp tc baud),
Bit 7 trong thanh ghi ny, tc bit URSEL l bit chn thanh ghi. Khi URSEL=1,
thanh ghi ny c chip AVR hiu l thanh ghi iu khin UCSRC, nhng nu
bit URSEL=0 th thanh ghi UBRRH s c s dng.
Hnh 7.5.6: Thanh ghi UCSRC
- Cc bit cn li trong thanh ghi UCSRC c m t nh sau:
UMSEL (USART Mode Select) l bit la chn gia 2 ch truyn
thng ng b v khng ng b. Nu UMSEL=0, ch khng ng
b c chn, ngc li nu UMSEL=1, ch ng b c kch hot.
UPM1 v UPM0( Parity Mode) c dng quy nh kim tra pariry.
Nu UPM1:0=00, parity khng c s dng (mode ny kh thng
dng), UPM1:0=01 khng c s dng, UPM1:0=10 th parity chn
c dng, UPM1:0=11 parity l c s dng.
USBS (Stop bit Select), bit Stop trong khung truyn bng AVR USART
c th l 1 hoc 2 bit, nu USBS=0 th Stop bit ch l 1 bit trong khi
USBS=1 s c 2 Stop bit c dng.
UCSZ1 v UCSZ2 (Character Size) kt hp vi bit UCSZ2 trong thanh
ghi UCSRB to thnh 3 bit quy nh di d liu truyn.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Bng 7.5.1: Chn di d liu truyn.

- UBRRL v UBRRH (USART Baud Rate Register): 2 thanh ghi thp v cao
quy nh tc baud.

Hnh 7.5.7: Thanh ghi UBRR
Thanh ghi UBRRH dng chung a ch thanh ghi UCSRC, phi set bit ny bng
0 nu mun s dng thanh ghi UBRRH. Nh quan st trong hnh trn, ch c 4 bit
thp ca UBRRH c dng, 4 bit ny kt hp vi 8 bit trong thanh ghi UBRRL
to thnh thanh ghi 12 bit quy nh tc baud. Ch l nu vit gi tr vo thanh
ghi UBRRL, tc baud s tc th c cp nht, v thphi vit gi tr vo thanh
ghi UBRRH trc khi vit vo thanh ghi UBRRL.
Gi tr gn cho thanh ghi UBRR khng phi l tc baud, n ch c
USART dng tnh tc baud.Bng 7.5.2 hng dn cch tnh tc baud da
vo gi tr ca thanh ghi UBRR v ngc li, cch tnh gi tr cn thit gn cho
thanh ghi UBRR khi bit tc baud.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Bng 7.5.2: Cng thc tnh tc BAUD

+ Lp trnh khi ng UART trong code vision:

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Cc thanh ghi khi ng UART:

6. Khi Input:
Hnh 7.6.1: S nguyn l khi Input
Khi Input vi tn hiu vo 48V, s dng mt opto cch ly v in gia input
bn ngoi vi vi x l. Opto hay cn gi l cch ly quang l linh kin tch hp c
cu to gm 1 led v mt photo diode hoc 1 photo trasistor. c s dng cch
ly cc khi chnh lch nhau v in hay cng sut nh khi c cng sut nh vi
khi c in p ln. Khi c tn hiu input led pht sng v photo trasistor khi c
nh sng s dn, tn hiu ra bng 0 (trng hp nh s nguyn l trn).

Ths. Phm Th Duy
7. Khi output:

Hnh 7.7.1: S nguyn l khi output
Khi output s dng mt rle 12V cch ly v in gia vi iu khin vi
in p output bn ngoi. Cu to ca rle bao gm 1 cun dy v cc tip im
thng ng thng h. Tn hiu t vi iu khin c a qua ULN2803(chn
COM ni ti 12VDC), khi tn hiu input vo ULN2803 l mc 1 (5V) th tn hiu
ra l 0V, l mc 0 (0V) th tn hiu ra l 12V do ng ngt c rle 12V.
Ta s dng tip im thng h ca rle nh mt cng tc in t ni
COM_OUT n ngun dng carle trung gian bn ngoi ng ngt rleny .
Thng qua tip im thng h ca rle trung gian iu khin cng tc t ( ti
ny s dng rle 24VDC nn COM_OUT ta chn bng 24VDC, cng tc t iu
khin bng ngun 220AC nn mt u tip im thng h ca rle trung gian ni
vi 220AC, u kia ni vi chn ngun ca cng tc t).
Hnh 7.7.2: Rle trung gian
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Hnh 7.7.3: Cng tc t
S u ni rle nh sau:

Hnh7.7.4: S u ni cc Rle.
8. Phn mm Visual Basic:
Gii thiu v Visua Basic:
Visual Basic l mt ngn ng lp trnh cp cao 32 bit c s dng vit cho
cc chng trnh chy trong mi trng Windows. Visual Basic s dng kiu lp
trnh Visual hay RAD (Rabid Application Development), trong vic to cc ca
s, cc iu khin v cch ng x ca cc ca s cng nh cc iu khin c
thc hin mt cch r rng nhanh chng ch bng cc thao tc vi chut khng cn
phi khai bo, tnh ton vi cc cu lnh phc tp.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Giao din chnh ca Visua Basic 6.0:

Hnh7.8.1: Giao din phn mm Visual Basic 6.0
Giao din Visual Basic (VB) gm cc thnh phn c bn sau:
- Menu Bar: cha cc trnh n ca VB
- Toolbar: mt s chc nng c bn ca chng trnh.
- Toolbox: cha cc iu khin (control) thng dng.
- Project Explorer: hin th cc thnh phn ca ng dng ang thc hin.
- Properties Windows: ca s hin th cc c tnh (properties) thit k ca
cc iu khin.
- Form Layout Windows: xem trc hoc thay i v tr form khi thc thi cc
ng dng.
- Workspace: vng lm vic ca trng trnh.
- Ngoi ra VB cn cha cc thnh phn khc, khi mun hin th vo trnh n
View chn cc thnh phn .

Ths. Phm Th Duy
Cu trc t chng trnh trong VB:
rivateublic Function Sub TenChuongTrinhTenEventBin tham chiu,
tham tr
Dim Bin as iubin1
Dim Bin as iubin2

nh 1
nh 2

nh n
End Sub
Trong lnh Dim Bin as Kiubin l lnh khai bo mt bin.
Mt s too c bn ca VB:
Hnh 7.8.2: Cc tool c bn chng trnh VB 6.0
Frame: to ra khung lm vic, cha cc tool ng dng bn trong. Ta ch n
thuc tnh caption, y l thuc tnh thay i tn farme.
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Command Button: to ra cc nt nhn (button) thc hin cc lnh iu
khin. Ta ch n 2 thuc tnh l Name v caption. Trong Name c dng
xc nh Button khi vit cc cu lnh v caption thay i tn ca button khi hin
th trn giao din VB.
Textbox: to ra khung hin th cc dng ch, hoc s liu khi thc hin
chng trnh. Cc thuc tnh cn ch l Name dng xc nh textbox khi vit
lnh, ngoi ra cn c cc thuc tnh nh Front chnh kch thc v kiu ch, s
liu hin th, Forecolor chn mu sc ca dng ch hoc s liu hin th
Checkbox: to ra cc iu kin thc hin hoc hin th, trong 1 farme c
th chn cng lc nhiu checkbox. Ta cng ch n 2 thuc tnh l name va
caption ging nh cc tool trc.
OptionBotton: cng ging nh checkbox, tuy nhin trong 1 Frame ch c th
chn 1 optionbotton duy nht.
Timer: b nh thi cha trong propertives interval.
Label: s dng lm nhn, cc ta
Ngoi ra cn c cc tool khc c s dng ty vo yu cu.
Cch vit nh:
Ta double click chut vo tool sau s hin th ra giao din vit cc lnh

Hnh 7.8.3: Mn hnh lp trnh VB
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Phn Private Sub l phn vit ring lnh cho tng tool, cu trc l:
Private Sub tntool
nh1
nh2

End Sub
Cu trc lnh form load:
Ta double click vo vng bn ngoi cc frame (vn thuc form) khi s hin
ra giao din vit cc cu lnh. Cu trc s l:
Private Sub Form_Load()
nh1
nh2
.
End Sub
Lnh Form_Load dng thc hin cc yu cu ca chng trnh khi bt u
khi ng, sau khi thc hin xong, ta c th click chn cc tool thc hin cc
chng trnh con.
cu trc lnh khi to cng Com
Private Sub Form_Load()
MSComm1.CommPort = 1 chn cng Com 1
MSComm1.Settings = "9600,n,8,1" khai bo cc thng s truyn ca cng
Com)
MSComm1.InputLen = 1 load b m
MSComm1.PortOpen = True cho php m cng Com
End Sub

Ths. Phm Th Duy
VIII. Lu gii thut v lp trnh:
1.Chng trnh ngt Timer 0.
Timer 0 (vi clock 125kHz) tnh ton thi gian delay ngun t in li hay t
my pht n nh, sau mi ng cc cng tc t, hay tnh ton thi gian khi
ng li my pht khi vic my pht ln u c liTimer 0 cn nh thi gian
gi d liu ln my tnh (1s gi 1 ln cc d liu v thi gian, trng thi ca cc
cng tc t v my pht, nhit , mc acquy).
Khi ng Timer 0:Vi Clock 125kHz, ch CTC, OCR0=0x7D.

2.iu khin my pht:
2.1 my pht:
Lu gii thut:
Hnh 8.2.1: Gii thut chng trnh my pht
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Khi c tn hiu L_Ready v G_Ready u khng tch cc Timer 0 s tnh thi
gian my pht.Khi tn hiu my pht s tch cc trong mt khong thi
gian nh sn.

2.2.Tt my pht.
Lu gii thut:

Hnh 8.2.2: Gii thut chng trnh tt my pht
Khi ang chy my pht m c in li tr li, sau khi in li n nh th tn
hiu tt my pht s tch cc cho n khi G_Ready khng tch cc.
2.3 iu khin my pht:
Lu gii thut:

Ths. Phm Th Duy

Hnh 8.2.3: Gii thut chng trnh iu khin my pht
Ths. Phm Th Duy
Khi in li mt, mc acquy xung di ngng ci t sn th s khi ng
my pht, nu v l do no vic khi ng my pht khng thnh cng th tn
hiu my pht s c lp li 3 ln.Khi c li in tr li v li in n nh
th s tt my pht.
3.iu khin cng tc t i:
Lu gii thut:

Hnh 8.3: Gii thut chng trnh ng cng tc t li
Khi c tn hiu L_ready th s delay mt khong thi gian ch cho li in n
nh s ng cng tc t li (K_Luoi).

Ths. Phm Th Duy

4.iu khin cng tc t y pht:
Lu gii thut:

Hnh 8.4: Gii thut chng trnh ng cng tc t my pht
Khi c tn hiu G_ready th s delay mt khong thi gian ch cho ngun t
my pht n nh s ng cng tc t my pht (K_MPhat).

Ths. Phm Th Duy
5. Chng trnh RUN:
Lu gii thut:

Hnh 8.5: Gii thut chng trnh RUN
Bt u chng trnh RUN c nhit v mc DC. Sau kim tra ang
ch Auto hay l Manual. Nu l Auto th tip tc kim tra xem my tnh c
ginh quyn iu khin hay khng, nu my tnh khng dnh quyn iu khin th
kim tra cc iu kin iu khin cc cng tc t v my pht.Sau hin th
thi gian, trng thi cc cng tc t, nhit , mc acquy ln LCD.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
6. Chng trnh change_parameter:
Lu gii thut:

Hnh 8.6: Gii thut chng trnh change_parameter
Khi ch menu thay i cc thng s PROGRAM chng trnh
change_parameter s nhn bit s thay i ca cc phm nhn thay i gi tr
ca cc tham s (UP : cng 1 n v, DOWN : Gim mt n v), cc tham s ny
c lu tm vo mng Ptemp[] v sau cc gi tr trong mng Ptemp[] s c
gn cho cc bin thng s ca PROGRAM. n Enter thot khi chng trnh.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
7.Chng trnh PROGRAM:
Lu gii thut:

Hnh 8.7: Gii thut chng trnh PROGRAM
Nhn bit c nt n UP hoc DOWN thay i bin item, bin item thay i bin
s c iu chnh v sau chng trnh change_parameter s thay i gi tr ca
bin ny. Khi n nt SET s xc nhn bin no c thay i, s thay i s c
hin th ln LCD thng qua chng trnh DISPLAY_PROGRAM(). Khi nhn
CANCEL s thot ra khi menu chnh thng s PROGRAM, tr v cMode=0 v
quay v li chng trnh chnh.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
8. Chng trnh change_tie:
Lu gii thut:

Hnh 8.8: Gii thut chng trnh change_time
Tng t nh chng trnh change_parameter chng trnh change_time s thay
i gi tr ca cc bin gio v phut.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
9. Chng trnh Tie:
Lu gii thut:

Hnh 8.9: Gii thut chng trnh TIME
Tng t nh chng trnh PROGRAM dng la chn bin gio hay phut
thay i v sau xc nhn bin no c iu chnh, chng trnh change_time()
s thay i gi tr ca cc bin ny. n CANCEL thot ra khoi menu chnh thi
gian v tr v cMode=0, quay v chng trnh chnh.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
10. Chng trnh chnh:
Lu gii thut:
Hnh 8.10: Gii thut chng trnh chnh
Dng bin cMode la chn ch hot ng RUN(chy chng trnh),
PROGRAM(Chnh cc thng s nh ngng nhit , ngng du, cc thi gian
delay), hay TIME(iu chnh thi gian).
11. Giao din chng trnh iu khin trn phn mm Visual Basic:

Hnh 8.11: Giao din chng trnh iu khin KIT ATS
Ths. Phm Th Duy

Chng trnh VB hin th cc thng tin nh thi gian my tnh, thi gian KIT
ATS, trng thi ca 2 KIT ATS, ngoi ra cn c cc nt iu khin KIT ATS.
Phn cng trong ti ny c 2 KIT ATS nn ta lm giao din hin th trng thi
v iu khin c 2KIT ny.
12.Qu trnh truyn nhn d liu:
Mi KIT ATS s c gn mt a ch, trong ti ny KIT 1 c gn a
ch 254, KIT 2 c gn a ch 255.
Qu trnh gi d liu t KIT(Slave) ln my tnh(Master):
C 1s KIT1 s t ng gi d liu ln my tnh mt ln v sau khi my tnh
nhn xong d liu ca KIT 1 s gi lnh KIT 2 gi d liu ln my tnh.iu
ny c tc dng khng lm xung t ng truyn v mi KIT gi d liu vo mt
thi im khc nhau (KIT 1 gi trc v tip ngay sau KIT 2 s gi d liu).
Cu trc v trnh t cc gi d liu t KIT ln my tnh:
Cu trc gi gi:
a ch KIT Byte 1 Byte 2 . Byte n

Trnh t cc gi:
Bng 8.1: Th t cc gi tin gi t KIT ln my tnh
Gi Lnh gi Thng tin
1 putchar(my_address); a ch KIT
2 putchar(date); Ngy
3 putchar(month); Thng
4 putchar(year); Nm
5 putchar(h); Gi
6 putchar(m); Pht
7 putchar(s); Giy
8 putchar(K_Luoi); Tnh trng K_Luoi
9 putchar(K_MPhat); Tnh trng K_MPhat
10 putchar(Temp); Nhit
11 putchar(DC); Mc DC
Ths. Phm Th Duy
12 putchar(Oil); Mc du
13 putchar(Vis); Mc nht
14 putchar(G_Ready); Tnh trng my pht

Trn phn mm VB, ta vit chng trnh nhn bit gi a ch ca KIT v hin th
cc d liu nhn c tip theo ln cc Text tng ng. (Ph lc chng trnh
VB km theo)
Qu trnh gi lnh t my tnh(Master) xung KIT(Slave)
Cu trcgi gi:
a ch M lnh
Cc lnh dng trong chng trnh:
Bng 8.2: Bng m lnh my tnh iu khin KIT ATS
M lnh Chi ch
201 KIT 2 gi d liu
202 ng b thi gian
210 Cho php iu khin bng my tnh
211 Tr li ch t ng
220 Bt K_Luoi
221 Tt K_Luoi
230 Bt K_Mphat
231 Tt K_Mphat
240 my pht
241 Tt my pht
250 Tt my pht
251 Bung tt my pht

Chng trnh ti KIT s nhn bit gi a ch d liu sau nu ng a ch KIT
ca mnh KIT s gii m nhn bit lnh v thc hin lnh . (Ph lc chng trnh
cho vi iu khin km theo).

Ths. Phm Th Duy
IX. Kt lun:
Sau qu trnh nghin cu v thc hin nhm ti KIT iu khin ATS
thc hin c cc cng vic:
- Tm hiu v cc khi chc nng c bn ca vi x l Atmega16.
- Thit k cc khi chc nng ca KIT ATS.
- Lp trnh m phng v thi cng mch thc t.
- KIT iu khin p ng c cc yu cu iu khin ra.
- Trnh by c cch thc hot ng ca KIT iu khin ATS.
Hng pht trin: T iu khin ATS c ng dng rt ph bin trong cc trm
BTS, cc nh my,c quan, x nghip. Vic iu khin v gim st chuyn ngun
bng my tnh l rt cn thit, ty theo iu kin v cch thc hot ng ca n v
s dng m cch truyn thng gia cc trm ATS vi trm trung tm l khc nhau.
Trong ti ch cp vic truyn thng thng qua chun RS485, c th truyn
qua mng internet hoc truyn qua cc knh truyn vin thng ring ca nh
mng.C th thit k mch bng cc linh kin dn mch s p v nh gn hn tit
kim c din tch lp t trong t iu khin.
Mc d rt c gng, nhng do thi gian v kin thc c hn nn ti khng
trnh khi c nhiu thiu st v nhm ln, knh mong Thy thng cm.
Nhm thc hin ti
Cao c Ha Anh
Nguyn c Bo
Nguyn Nht Nam
Xun Sn.

Ths. Phm Th Duy
X. Ti liu tham kho:
[1]Gio trnh AVR Trung tm in t v t ng ha DKS
[2]Bi ging vi x l Ths. Phm Th Duy, Hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vin
thng, 2010.
[3]Datasheet Atmega16 ATMEL Group www.atmel.com
[4]Gio trnh linh kin in t - Hc vin cng ngh bu chnh vin thng
[5]www.hocavr.com
[6]www.dientuvietnam.net

Ph lc: (Tp km theo)
[1]Code lp trnh C bng phn mm CodeVision
[2]Code lp trnh visual Basic.

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