The Holocaust:

CONCENTRATION CAMPS

DACHAU
First camp to open

March 1933

Political prisoners initially

Training center for SS camp guards

RAVENSBRUCK
May 1939 Designed for women who opposed the Nazi party Women slave laborers for Siemens Electric Company

Irma Grese
Age 19 camp guard at Ravensbruck Transferred to Auschwitz Senior SS Supervisor second highest rank Most notorious female Nazi

The Final Solution

Code Name: Operation Reinhard Reinhard Heydrich Wansee Conference January 1942

Orchestrated the
Final Solution

Death Camps
Located in Poland Land is vast Largest population Of Jews in Europe

Timeline for Nazi Extermination Camps

Chelmno, December 7, 1941Gas Vans Killed 320,000 Auschwitz- Birkenau, September, 1, Zyklon-B Killed 1,200,000 Belzec, March 17, 1942, Carbon Monoxide gas Killed 600,00 Sobibor, March, 1942, Carbon Monoxide gas Killed 250,000

Treblinka, July 23, 1942, Carbon Monoxide gas Killed 700,0

Majdanek, October, 1942, Carbon Monoxide and Zyklon B gas Killed 1,380,000

AUSCHWITZ
Largest Death camp

AUSCHWITZ
Comprised of many sub camps, the most famous: Birkenau

Canada section housing the sorting sheds

COMMANDANT
Rudolph Hoess Commandant of Auschwitz

DEHUMANIZATION
EXTERNAL
Clothing Number Loss of Belongings

DEHUMANIZATION
INTERNAL
Hunger 200-400 calories per day Weight at death weight of bones

Spiritual
Loss of faith or sanity

SONDERKOMMANDO
Prisoners recruited to transport bodies from gas chambers to the crematorium

LONG TERM SURVIVAL

Previous experience survival strategies Support System Having a job in the camp

LONG TERM SURVIVAL

Contact with outside world

Defining life as a war

Speaking multiple languages

LONG TERM SURVIVAL

Adapting to the roles and norms of prison culture

UNPRECEDENTED
Concentration camps were an unprecedented aspect of the Holocaust involving doctors, scientists, businessmen, and other experts.

How Many?
2000 Dr. Megaree, lead researcher

Estimate:

7,000 Nazi camps and ghettos

Shocking Numbers!
30,000 1,150 980 1,000 Slave labor camps Jewish ghettos Concentration Camps Prisoner of War Camps

500

Brothels sex slaves

Plus thousands of camps for euthanasia and performing forced abortions

SOURCES
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Jewish Virtual Library 1900s History About.com Google images