Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HOTEL LINEN
WHAT IS LINEN?
•A FABRIC WOVEN WITH FIBERS FROM THE FLAX
PLANT.
•A HIGHQUALITY PAPER MADE OF LINEN FIBER
OR WITH A LINEN FINISH.
•WHITE GOODS OR CLOTHING MADE WITH LINEN
CLOTH.
•LINEN IS A COLOR THAT RESEMBLES LINEN.
HOTEL LINEN
HOTELS HAVE TO BE SPECIFIC ABOUT LINEN.
LINEN RANGE FROM LUXURIOUS TO NORMAL TYPES.
THE LINEN A HOTEL MAY BE CATAGORISED AS
FOLLOWING:
ROOM LINEN
BED SHEETS
PILLOW COVERS
DUVET COVERS
NIGHT SPREADS …. ETC
BATH LINEN
BATH TOWELS
BATH MATS
HAND TOWEL
BATH ROBE
DINING LINEN
TABLE LINEN
TABLE NAPKIN
HAND TOWELS
TABLE SCIRTING
TABLE RUNNERS
COST
BUDGE
MAINTAINANCE
INITIAL COST OF LINEN
TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT
TYPE OF HOTEL BUDGET HOTEL\ FIVE STAR
HOTEL
OCCUPANCY LEVEL
LINEN HIRE OR PURCHASE
POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE SELECTION
OF LINEN .TO ACHIEVE THE LONGEST LIFE OUT OF
LINEN,THERE ARE SEVERAL FACTORS HOTELIERS SHOULD
TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION:
SELECTING AND PURCHASING LINEN WITH THE
LOWEST COST PER USE,RATHER THAN THE
TYPICAL LOWEST COST OVERALL.
OTHER CONSIDERATION ARE LAUNDRY
CARE,PAR AND SECURITY. The answer to longevity is
multifold, but some of the key elements include having a
laundry that is large enough to handle the volume of linens
going through it, buying quality laundry equipment and
maintaining the equipment on a regular basis. Par levels, or
number of sets, should be kept at a minimum of three, unless
you send linens to an outside laundry service, in which case
you should have a five par.
The chances of 'mysterious disappearances' are greater for
linens that aren't used.hotels should assign a linen
manager, particularly in larger hotels, to track linens for use,
storage and security."Give each housekeeper the amount
she needs to do her rooms, and do a cross count to find the
problem areas,"
BLENDED FABRICS LAST LONGER AND ARE
LESS EXPENSIVE TO MAINTAIN,THEREBY
REDUCING REPLACEMENT COST.
LINEN QUALITY ALSO INCLUDES
CONSTRUCTION.BUYER SHOULD LOOK FOR
LOCKSTITCHED HEMS.
COLOR ALSO IS A FACTOR IN SELECTIN
LINENS.
HOTEL LINEN RELATED TERMS:
PAR STOCK IS THE MINIMUM LINEN
REQUIRED TO MEET THE DAILY DEMANDS
SO AS TO ENSURE SMOOTH OPERATIONS.
PAR STOCK HELPS:
•IN EFFICIENT INVESTMENT OF CAPITAL.
•PREVENT OVERSTOCKING
•PROPER SUPPLY
•SIMPLIFY INVENTORY TAKING
YARN SIZE AND
PLY
Yarn size refers to thickness of the yarns that are
woven together to make fabric. A higher yarn size
indicates a finer yarn. Yarn size relates to thread
count because when the yarns are very fine, they
are actually thinner and thus there will be more of
them per square inch, producing a higher thread
count product.
The other component is ply single ply vs. 2 ply.
Single ply fabric is made from individual yarns,
which are woven together. 2 ply fabric is made
with yarns that are twisted together and then
woven. For example, a single ply 300 thread count
will have the same construction as a 2 ply 600
thread count. 2 ply sheets must be made with a
very high yarn size, like 100s otherwise it will feel
very thick and heavy.
The higher the thread count, the softer the fabric
feels, but that doesn't necessarily mean the
sheets will last longer (and sheets with a higher
thread count are usually more expensive).
Recently, many linens manufacturers have touted
thread count as the best way to choose a sheet. But
others point out that the quality of the fibers and
finish are more important to the sheet's comfort and
durability. In fact, sheets made of linen, flannel, or
jersey have low thread counts due to the type of
fabric. A high thread count would eliminate part of
the appeal of these sheets.
According to consumer reports, cotton and cotton
blend sheets with a thread count of 180 to 200 stand
up to wear and tear and provide satisfactory comfort.
TENSILE STRENGTH
A TEXTILE YARN’S ABILITY TO WITHSTAND
STRESS WITHOUT BREAKING.ONCE PAST THE
ELASTIC LIMIT, THE MATERIAL WILL NOT RELAX
TO ITS INITIAL SHAPE AFTER THE FORCE IS
REMOVED. Tensile Strength is ultimate strength of
a material subjected to tensile loading. It is the
maximum stress developed in a material in a
tensile test. It is a function of thread count of the
cloth and strength of each ... THE HIGHER THE
CLOTH COUNT,THE GREATER THE STRENGTH.
The cloths used are cotton, polyester and polyester
blends, processed to obtain a suitable coated
abrasives backing. These backings have special
characteristics as weight, tensile strength and
flexibility.
ABRASION RESISTANCE
ABRASION RESISTANCE IS THE ABILITY OF A
FABRIC TO WITHSTAND SURFACE WEAR DUE TO
RUBBING.
PILLING IS THE FORMATION OF FIBER BALLS
ON THE SURFACE OF FABRIC. PILLING OCCURS
WHEN LOOSE FIBERS IN THE FABRIC ARE
WORKED TO THE FABRIC SURFACE AFTER IT
HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO ABRASION.
IT IS ABILITY OF A TEXTILES OR SURFACE MATERIAL TO
WITHSTAND ABRASION AND FRICTION WITHOUT COLOR
CHANGES TO OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.
SHRINKAGE RESISTANCE
WIDTHWISE OR LENGTHWISE CONTRACTION OF
A FIBER, YARN OR FABRIC,USUALLY AFTER
WETTING AND REDRYING OR ON EXPOSURE TO
HIGH TEMPRATURE.
THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF SHRINKAGE.PROGRESSIVE
SHRINKAGE OCCURS WHEN THE FIBER ITSELF SHRINKS.
WOOL FIBER SHRINKS A LITTLE MORE EACH TIME IT IS
WASHED,WHICH IS WHY WOOL IS GENERALLY DRY
CLEANED.
RELAXATION SHRINKAGE IS WHEN THE FABRIC SHRINKS
.IT IS CAUSED BY THE TENSION APPLIED TO YARN AND
FABRICS DURING CONSTRUCTION. THE TENSION IS
RELEASED WHEN THE FABRIC IS WASHED OR STEAM
PRESSED,CAUSING IT TO SHRINK TO ITS NATURAL
SIZE.MOST COTTON FABRIC SHRINKAGE OCCUR DURING
THE FIRST WASH.
TO AVOID SHRINKAGE:
FOLLOW CARE LABEL DIRECTIONS PRECISELY
FOR WASHING AND DRYING TEMPRATURE.Avoiding
extremely hot washing and drying temperatures will
help reduce shrinkage.
USE APPROPRIATE DETERGENTS.FOR EXAMPLE
WASHING TOWELS WITH MILD DETERGENTS.
FABRIC OF SAME NATURE SHOULD BE WASHED
TOGETHER.
WRINKLE RESISTANCE
IT IS ABILITY OF THE FABRIC TO BOUNCE BACK
AFTER IT HAS BEEN TWISTED.CREASE ,OR WRINKLE,
RESISTANCE IS FREQUENTLY ACHIEVED BY APPLICATION
OF A SYNTHETIC RESIN, SUCH AS MELAMINE OR EPOXY.
During wearing and cleaning, fabrics are temporarily distorted
to accommodate the stress of use. If the fabric does not
recover its original shape, the results are described as
wrinkling. Untreated cotton fibers do not have a permanent
memory. The cellulose chains in the fiber move by breaking and
reestablishing hydrogen bonds. There are no natural forces to
promote the cellulose chains to return to their original
configuration. This innovative fabric treatment works by
strengthening the molecular "bridges" that connect cellulose
molecules in a cotton fiber. The special process stabilizes the
hydrogen bridges. This permits the fabric to retain its smooth
surface, even after numerous washings. The finish does not
alter cotton's durability, color clarity or natural absorbency.
COLOR FASTNESS
COLOR OF THE FABRIC DEPENS ON THE
FOLLOWING FACTORS:
YARN AND PROPERTY OF DYE
CHARACTERISTICS THAT DETERMINE THE COLOR
FASTNESS OF A FABRIC:
LIGHT AND WEATHER
WASHING
DRY CLEANING
COLD WATER AND SEA WATER
RUBBING
HOT PRESSING
CHEMICAL EFFECT
That property of a pigment or dye, containing the
coloring matter, to retain its original hue,
especially without fading, running, or changing
when washed, cleaned; or stored under normal
conditions when exposed to light, heat, or other
influences. Color fastness in cloth is measured by
a LAUNDER METER
In textile dyeing and other industrial processes ,
FAST COLOURS are those which will satisfactorily
resist fading for the useful life of the product in
which they are used. In book cloths, the term
refers to non fading over long exposure to artificial
light, but not to natural light. Also called
“lightfast”.
COLORFASTNESS
A DYED FABRIC’S ABILITY TO WITHSTAND
FADING DUE TO WASHING,EXPOSURE TO
SUNLIGHT AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS.
The quality of dye used on fabrics plays a huge part in color
fastness. Problems often occur in textile usage when a
consumer decides to use a fabric which had not been
produced to meet certain end uses.
WEIGHT OF THE FABRIC
TEXTILE WEIGHT IS MEASURED IN OUNCES PER
SQUARE YARD.THIS HELPS TO IDENTIFY THE
DENSITY OR THICKNESS OF A FABRIC’S
CONSTRUCTION.
ABSORBTION
Absorbency THE ABILITY OF A FABRIC TO TAKE IN
MOISTURE . Absorbency is a very important property
for bath linen.
TOWELS
Most terry cloth is made with cotton because the
absorbent fiber gets stronger when wet and it can be
sanitized in very hot water using strong bleach and
detergent without harm. Terry cloth is usually made
with looped pile because the loops act like very small
sponges. Looped pile is also better able to withstand
the strain of rubbing, pulling twisting. Loosely twisted
loops are softer and more absorbent than tightly
twisted loops, which produce a rougher fabric. Long
pile is more absorbent than short pile. Terry cloth is
most absorbent when it has loops on both sides.
Cotton can absorb up to 27 times its own weight in
water.
AMOUNT OF DRESSING
BY THE AMOUNT OF DRESSING WE MEAN THE
AMOUNT OF STARCH.
IT BRINGS STIFFNESS.
COTTON IS THE ONLY FABRIC WHICH IS
STARCHED.
IT CAN BE OF ANY COLOR.
FABRIC:
FIBER YARN FABRIC
SOMETIMES THE FIBERS ARE BLENDED FOR
DIFFERENT REASONS:
RESISTANCE TO FADING
RESUSTANCE TO ABRASION
ABSORBANCY
CAPABILITY OF BEING DYEDIN DIFFERENT COLOUR
SHAPE RETENTION
TYPES OF FABRIC:
NATURAL FABRICS:
PLANTS:COTTON,LINEN GENERALLY USED AS
HOTEL LINEN AND OTHERS COULD BE JUTE,RAMIE.
ANIMALS:SILK,WHICH MIGHT BE USED IN
LUXURIUOS ROOM ,AND WOOL.
MINERALS:ASBESTOS NOT USED.
MAN MADE FIBERS:
CELLULOSE:RAYON,ACETATE ARE
GENERALY BLENDED
SYNTHETIC:POLYESTER,ACRYLIC,
NYLON MAY BE USED.
FABRICS:
COTTON – IT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT NATURAL FIBER
FOR USE IN TEXTILES WETHER ALONE OR BLENDED WITH
OTHER FIBERS. ONE EG. IS COTTON POLYESTER. COTTON
GENERALLY WEARS WELL IN HOTEL LINEN(PRINT OR
PLAIN).
DRAPABILITY:EXCELLENT HANG, SOFT HAND
COLOR FASTNESS:GOOD
SUN RESISTANCE: EXCELLENT,DOES NOT SUN ROT
ABRASION RESISTANCE:EXCELLENT
SAGGING:DOES NOT STRECH,EXCEPT WHEN WET
RESILIENCY:POOR,WRINKLES EASILY,VERY
ABSORBANT,BURNS
CARE:CAN BE WASHED BUT PROFESSIONAL DRYCLEAN
IS RECOMMENDED FOR DRAPERIES.
LINEN:ALMOST ALWAYS IS BLENDED WITH
COTTON,RAYON OR OTHER FIBERS TO IMPROVE WRINKLE
RESISTANCE QUALITY.LINEN ARE GOOD IN PLAIN AND
CASEMENT FABRIC.
DRAPABILITY:GOOD HANG,BUTNOT AS SOFT AS
COTTON
COLOR FASTNESS:GOOD TO POOR
SUN RESISTANCE:EXCELLENT,DOES NOT SUN ROT
ABRSION RESISTANCE:EXCELLENT
SAGGING:STRONG,DOES NOT STRECH
RESILIENCY:POOR,DOES WRINKLE
CARE:DRY CLEAN
SILK – SILK,THOUGH,VERY RICH LOOKING BUT IS NOT USED
MUCH MAINLY OF THE COST AND SUN ROT.LINING IS VERY
ESSENTIAL WITH SILK FABRIC.
DRAPABILITY:GOOD HANG,MEDIUM TO SOFT HAND
COLOR FASTNESS:GOOD
SUN RESISTANCE:POOR,ROTS IN SHORT TIME
ABRASION RESISTANCE:GOOD
SAGGING:STRONG,DOES NOT SAG
RESILIENCY:GOOD
CARE:DRY CLEAN
RAYON:
THIS STRONG EXPENSIVE FIBERIS THE OLDEST AND MOST
WIDELY USED OF ALL MANMADE FIBERS.IT BLENDS
WELL WITH MOST OTHER FIBERS ESPECIALLY COTTON
,ACETATE AND LINEN;AND CAN BE DYED IN AN UNLIMITED
RANGE OF COLORS.IT IS BLENDED WITH ACETATE AND
SOMETIMES COTTON TO MAKE ANTIQUE SATIN.
RAYON
DRAPABILITY:GOOD HANG,SOFT HAND
COLOR FASTNESS:GOOD TO EXCELLENT(SOLUTION
DYED)
SUN RESISTANCE:GOOD,BUT NOT AS GOOD AS
COTTON OR LINEN
ABRASION RESISTANCE:GOOD,BUT NOT AS GOOD
AS COTTON OR NYLON
SAGGING:POOR,STRETCHES IN LOOSE YARN,BUT
ALRIGHT IN TIGHT WOVEN FABRIC
RESILIENCY:GOOD,WRINKLES LESS THAN COTTON OR
LINEN
CARE:DRY CLEAN
ACETATE
AN IMPORTANT FIBER FOR DRAPERY FABRICS,OFTEN
BLENDED WITH RAYON OR COTTON FOR THE EXCELLENT
DYING CHARACTERISTICS OF THOSE FIBERS.
DRAPABILITY:GOOD HANG,SOFT HAND
COLOR FASTNESS:GOOD(SOLUTION DYED)
SUN RESISTANCE:GOOD,NOT AS GOOD AS COTTON OR
LINEN
ABRASION RESISTANCE:GOOD,BUT NOT AS GOOD AS
COTTON OR NYLON
SAGGING:POOR STRETCHES IN LOOSE YARN,BUT ALRIGHT
IN TIGHT WOVEN FABRICS
RESILIENCY:GOOD,WRINKLES LESS THAN COTTON OR
LINEN
CARE:DRY CLEAN
POLYESTER
POLYESTER BLENDS WELL WITH COTTON AND RAYON
AND HAS GOOD RESISTANCE TO FADING.IT IS ALSO A
FIBER WITH EXCELLENT WASH AND WEAR
QUALITY,WRINKLE RESISTANCE AS WELL AS STRENGTH
AND ABRASION RESISTANCE QUALITY.MOST OF THE
SHEERS ARE MADE WITH 100%POLYESTER FIBERS.
DRAPABILITY:EXCELLENT HANG,VERY SOFT HAND
COLOR FASTNESS:GOOD TO EXCELLENT
SUN RESISTANCE:EXCELLENT
ABRASION RESISTANCE:GOOD,SHEERS MUST BE
HANDLED WITH CARE.FABRIC CAN BE BRUISED
SAGGING:EXCELLENT,DOES NOT SAG
RESILIENCY:GOOD TO EXCELLENT,WRINKLE FREE
CARE:HAND WASH AND HANG DRY
ACRYLIC
TODAY ACRYLIC IS COMING AS S POPULAR BLEND IN
CASEMENT FABRICS.IT CREATES BULK WITHOUT
WEIGHT,ADDS VERSATILITY TO SURFACE TEXTURING
AND CAN BE DYED IN BRILLIANT COLOR.IT ALSO
PLEATS WELL AND RETAINS ITS SHAPE.
DRAPABILITY:EXCELLENT,VERY SOFT HAND
COLOR FASTNESS:EXCELLENT WHEN SOLUTION
DYED
SUN RESISTANCE:EXCELLENT,GOOD AS COTTON
AND LINEN
ABRASION RESISTANCE:GOOD
SAGGING:VERY GOOD,DOES NOT STRETCH
RESILIENCY:VERY GOOD,WRINKLE FREE
CARE:DRY CLEAN
NYLON
NYLON BLENDS WELL WITH OTHER FIBERS AND IS A
COMPONENT OF MANY FABRICS.IT IS FREQUENTLY USED I
BECAUSE OF ITS STRENGTH AND ABRASION RESISTANCE.
DRAPABILITY:GOOD,SOFT TO STIFF HAND,NOT AS SOFT
AS POLYESTER
COLOR FASTNESS:GOOD TO EXCELLENT
SUN RESISTANCE:POOR
ABRASION RESISTANCE:EXCELLENT
SAGGING:EXCELLENT,DOES NOT SAG
RESILIENCY:EXCELLENT,WRINKLE FREE
CARE:DRY CLEAN
WHY IS COTTON USED?
WHY DO SHEETS VARY IN PRICE?
•Fiber content, thread count (and of course brand name) help
determine the price.
•Cotton sheets are soft, absorbent, breathable and offer the most
sleeping comfort.
•They are generally more expensive than cotton/polyester blends
and tend to last longer.
• The higher the count, the softer and stronger the fabric, and the
finer the quality of the sheet. (Counts usually range from 128 to
310.)
•Muslin, a simple weave, is a cotton sheeting fabric with a thread
count of fewer than 180.
•Percale is a closely woven cotton fabric, usually made with combed
yarns with a thread count of 180 or higher.
•Fabric finishes and embellishments can affect cost.
Mercerized cotton has been treated with alkalis for a
distinctive sheen.
•Sanforized cotton has been pre-shrunk; easy-care and
wrinkle-resistant finishes are chemical treatments intended
to keep sheets looking smoother.
• Distinctive details such as hem stitching, piping or eyelet
trim are also factors contributing to cost.
CARE OF LINEN
Linen must be washed and stored properly to maintain its
life.
It must be washed according to the specification written on
the tag of the particular piece of cloth.for eg:
LINEN STORAGE
It must be stored at a place with
Construction that eliminates insects.
Well ventilated, cool and dry room
Away from hot water and steam pipes
Protected against chemical fumes, dampness and
sunlight
Properly designed racks
Periodically subject to pest control
BATH LINEN
BED LINEN
TAB LE
LI NEN
THANK YOU