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New York 
Compiled by O. Zabolotnyi, Kyiv,2009
Right:
BrooklynBridge, NY 
The City of New York 
(most often called
New York City
) is the most populous city in the United States, with population of about 8million 275 thousand. At the same time the New York metropolitan area is one of the world'smost populous urban areas hosting nearly 19 million people. It influences worldwidecommerce, finance, culture, and entertainment. The city is also an important center forinternational affairs, especially due to the United Nations headquarters being located there.New York is unique among American cities for the overall density and diversity of itspopulation. In 2005, nearly 170 languages were spoken in the city and 36% of its populationwas born outside the United States. Throughout its history the city has been a major point of entry for immigrants; the term
melting pot 
is used to describe NYC as the place whererepresentatives of different nations acquire some commonfeatures and become American citizens(see on the left). The city is sometimescalled "The City that Never Sleeps", andamong its other nicknames the “BigApple” (see on the right) is the mostfamous.
 
New York was founded as a commercialtrading post by the Dutch East IndiaCompany in 1624. The settlement wascalled New Amsterdam until 1664 whenthe colony came under British control. New York served as the capital of the United Statesfrom 1785 until 1790, and has been the nation's largest city since 1790.
Right:
The plan of New Amsterdam
Boroughs
New York City is composed of five self-governed boroughs (districts or areas),which is an unusual form of governmentin the USA. Throughout the boroughsthere are hundreds of distinctneighborhoods, many with a definablehistory and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independentcities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn,Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx)would be among the ten most populouscities in the United States.
•
The Bronx
(Bronx County: Pop. 1,373,659) is New York City's northernmost borough,the site of Yankee Stadium, home of the New York Yankees (one of two city’s majorbaseball teams). It is home to the Bronx Zoo, the largest metropolitan zoo in the
1
 
United States, which is home to over 6,000 animals. The Bronx is the birthplace of rapand hip hop culture.
•
 
Manhattan
(New York County: Pop.1,620,867) is the most denselypopulated borough and home tomost of the city's skyscrapers, aswell as Central Park (see on theright). The borough is the financialcenter of the city and contains theheadquarters of many majorcorporations, the United Nations, aswell as a number of importantuniversities, and many culturalattractions, such as numerousmuseums and the Broadway theatredistrict. Manhattan is loosely dividedinto Lower, Midtown, and Uptownregions. Uptown Manhattan isdivided by Central Park into theUpper East Side and the Upper West Side, and above the park is Harlem.
 
•
Brooklyn
(Kings County: Pop. 2,528,050) is the city's most populous borough andwas an independent city until 1898.Brooklyn is known for its cultural, socialand ethnic diversity, an independent artscene, distinct neighborhoods and aunique architectural heritage. It is also theonly borough outside of Manhattan with adistinct downtown area. The borough hasa long beachfront and Coney Island (atheme park), established in the 1870s asone of the earliest amusement grounds inthe country.
Right:
The five boroughs of New York City:
The Bronx (4, red)
,
Manhattan(1, blue)
,
Brooklyn (2, yellow)
,
Queens (3, orange)
,
Staten Island (5, purple)
•
Queens
(Queens County: Pop. 2,270,338) is geographically the largest borough andthe most ethnically diverse county in the United States. It is home to two of the threemajor airports serving the New York metropolitan area, LaGuardia Airport and John F.Kennedy International Airport. (The third being Newark Liberty International Airport inNew Jersey.)
•
Staten Island
(Richmond County: Pop. 481,613) isthe most suburban in character of the five boroughs.Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by theVerrazano-Narrows Bridge and to Manhattan via thefree Staten Island Ferry. The Staten Island Ferry isone of the most popular tourist attractions in New York.
 
2
 
 The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegantbrownstone townhouses, like, for example in Harlem, Manhattan (see on the right).
Left:
Famous Grand Central Station (railroad)in NYC.
NYC Fabulous AttractionsWall Street
New York City is a global headquarters of international business and commerce and isone of three "command centers" for the world economy (along with London and Tokyo).
Left:
Elaborate marble facade of New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street, thelargest stock exchange in the world by dollar volume
Wall Street was the first permanent home of the New York Stock Exchange; over time
Wall Street 
became the name of the surrounding geographic neighborhood. Wall Street isalso shorthand (or a metonym, “another name”) for the "influential financial interests" of the American financial industry, which is centered in the New York City area.
Broadway
Broadway theatre
, commonly called simply
Broadway
, refers to theatrical performancespresented in one of the 39 large professional theaterswith 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District,New York (plus one theatre in Lincoln Center) inManhattan, New York City. Along with London's WestEnd theatre, Broadway theatre is usually consideredto represent the highest level of commercial theatrein the English-speaking world. Broadway theatres areknown for their world-famous musicals.
Right:
 
 The Lion King
at the New AmsterdamTheatre, 2003
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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