TREMATODES
()
Flukes
.:
eneralCharac
:
llflukes
-- -
leaf like in appearance Except Schistosomes
- (
generally Hermaphroditic posses both male and
) -
female genitalia Except Schistosomes
♦
- -
cross fertilization and self insemination are
method of reproduction
- -
provided with oral and ventral suckers
;
Except Schistosomes some flukes have genital
()
sucker Gonotyl
MOT
•
:
oral ingestion of the infective stage encysted
, -
metacercaria Except Schistosomes
•
2 .. -
requires IH Except Schistosomes
•
-
egg operculated Except Schistosomes
•
,
terribly difficult to get rid of once infected may
10-20
accumulate for years
& :
orphologyStructures
( )
dultworm
•
, -,
flattened leaf shaped unsegmented worms
•
-
body covered with non cellular integuments which
may be smooth or spiny
•
,
musculature consist of outer circular middle oblique
(
and an inner longitudinal integuments serves to
)
alter the shaped of the worm
•
2 -
possess cup shaped muscular suckers bearing
spines or hooklets surrounding the mouth
♦
(
oral sucker found anteriorly surrounding the
)
mouth used for ingestion and procurement of food
♦
/ -
ventral sucker acetabulum found posteriorly in
( )
the ventral surface for attachment
•
oral cavity leads to the muscular esophagus from
2
which the intestine branches to form intestinal
ceca which runs parallel to each other ending near
( )
the posterior end figure of an inverted
•
,
no body cavity most of the rest of the body is taken
up by reproductive organ and some associated
structure
•
lack circulatory system
•
-
excretory system bilaterally symmetrical and opens
at posterior end of body
•
-
nervous system composed of paired lateral ganglia
in the region of pharynx which are directed to nerve
trunk
•
()
series of glandular structure vetilaria lying lateral to
the intestinal ceca
:
gg
•
,
smooth hard shell and operculated or with lid at one
( -)
end except Schistosomes non operculated
•
generally yellow brown or brown colored
Adult worm (sm. intestine of vertebrate host)
↓
lays egg
↓
excreted in water and hatchingested by human
↓ ↑
miracidiumliberated metacercaria
↓ ↑
enter 1st I.H. (snail)enters & encystin tissueof 2nd I.H.(fish, water vegetation)(intramolluscanphase)
↑
sporocyst
→
redia1
→
redia2
→
cercaria
→
swim
Life Cycle -Complex
= requiring one or more intermediate host
:
lassificationofTrematodes
.
I Species which inhabit the small intestine
)
a
Fasciolopsis buski
)
b
Echinostoma ilocanum
)
c
Echinostoma malayanum
)
d
Heterophyse heterophyse
)
e
Metagonimus yokogawai
.
II Specie that inhabit the lung
)
a
Paragonimus westermani
.
III Specie that inhabit the liver
)
a
Clonorchis sinensis
)
b
Opisthorchis felineus
)
c
Opisthorchis vinerrini
)
d
Fasciola hepatica
)
e
Fasciola gigantica
)
f
Eurytrema pancreaticum
.
IV Species which inhabit the portal blood circulation
)
a
Schistosoma japonicum
)
b
Schistosoma hematobium
)
c
Schistosoma mansoni
ntestinalFlukes
asciolopsisbuski
( )
Giant Intestinal Fluke
•
common intestinal parasite of human and pigs in the
Orient
•
lives in the small intestine of its definitive host
rather than in the liver
:
isease
Fasciolopsiasis
:
eographicalDistribution
, , , ,
Central and South China Taiwan Vietnam Thailand
Indonesia and other parts of Orient
:
orphology
:
dultworm
•
live attached to the bowel wall primarily in the
duodenum and jejunum
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