• Embed Doc
  • Copy Link
  • Readcast
  • Collections
  • CommentGo Back
Download
 
ANTIHELMINTIC DRUGSRoundworms
 A.
LUMBRICOIDES E.VERMICULARISROUNDWORM PINWORM N. AMERICANUS T. TRICHURAHOOKWORM WHIPWORMS. STERCORALIS THREADWORM
Tissue Nematodes
 ONCHOCERCA WuchereriabancroftiANCYCLOSTOMA
DRUGS THAT ACT AGAINST NEMATODES
A.
ALBENDAZOL E
MECH OF ACTION – blocks glucose uptake inboth larval and adult parasite , whichleads to decrease formation of atp
-
inhibition of microtubule assemblyCLINICAL USE : broad anthelintic spectrumfirst drug of choice for larve migrans(ancylostoma spc)alternative drug for roundworms , whipworm,hookworms,pinworms and threadworm TOXICITY : reversible leukopenia ,alopecia and changes in the liveranzymesLONG TERM USE : bone marrow suppresionand fetal toxicity
B. DITHYLCARBAMAZINE
MECHANISM OF ACTION : immobilizesmicrofilariaeCLINICAL USE: drug of choice for filariasisalternative for onchocerciasis ( incombination with suramin) TOXICITY : headache, malaise, weakness,anorexia
can cause the mazzotti reaction inonchocerciasis – hypotension, pyrexiarespiratory distress and prostrationfever, rashes and ocular damage
C. IVERMECTIN
MECHANISM OF ACTION : intesifies gabamediated neurotransmission innematodes resulting to paralysisCLINICAL USE : drug of choice foronchocerciasis : drug of first choice forstrongloidiasis and alternative drug forfilariasis TOXICITY : fever, headache ,dizziness,rashes, pruritus, tachycardia,hypotension , joint pains , muscle [ainand pain ion lymph nodes
D. MEBENDAZOLE
MECHANISM OF ACTION – selctively inhibitmicrotubule syntheisi and glucose uptake innematodesCLINICAL USE :
drug of first choice for pinworms ,whipworms and round worms
second drug of choice for cestodesnad trematode infection
 
 TOXICITY : only limited to gastrointestinalirritation . embyrotoxic
E. PIPERAZINE
MECH. OF ACTION – acting as agonist at gabarecptorsCLINICAL USE ; drug of choice for ascariasis TOXICITY : git irritation
F. PYRANTEL PAMOATE
MECH OF ACTION – pyrantel pamoate and itscongener axantel pamoate, stimulatenicotinic receptor present at tneneuromuscular junctions of nematodes.contraction of muscle occurs ,followed bya depolarizarion induced paralysisCLINICAL USE : ( along with mebendazole)drug of choice for hookworm, pinwormand roundworm infestation . TOXICITY - git distress ,headache andweakness TREMATODES 
SCHISTOSOMA (BLOOD FLUKE )
 
LUNG FLUKE
 
CLONORCHIS SINENSIS(LIVERFLUKE)
DRUGS THAT ACT AGAINSTTREMATODESA.PRAZIQUANTEL
MECH. OF ACTION – increases membranepermeability to calcium, causing markedcontraction initially and then paralysis of trematode muscles ; this is followed byvacuolization and parasite deathCLINICAL USE : drug of choice forschistosomiasis, clornorchiasis andparagonimiasis
it is also one of the drug of choice forcestodes TOXICITY – headache , dizziness, malaise andgit irritation , skin rashes and feverCONTRAINDICATION : ocular cysticercosis
B. BITHIONOL
= drug of choice for thetreatment of fascioliasis ( sheep liverfluke) TOXICITY : nausea , vomiting, diarrhea,abdominal cramps, dizziness, dizziness,headache , phototoxicity , pyrxia, tinnitus,proteinuria and leukopenia
C. METRIFONATE
– is an organophosphateprodrug that is converted in the body tocholinesterase inhibitor dichlorvos , thisactive metabolite acts solely againstschistosoma haematobium ( the cause of bilharziasis )
D. OXAMNIQUINE
– effective solely inschistosoma mansoni infections TOXICITY : dizziness ,git irritation , pruritusREACTION TO DYING PARASITES –eosinophilia ,urticaria and pulmonaryinfiltrates
DRUG THAT ACT AGAIST CESTODES(TAPEWORM)NICLOSAMIDE
MECHANISM OF ACTION ; act by uncouplingoxidative phosphorylation or by activatingatpaseCLINICAL USE : effective in beef, pork andfish tapeworm but not in cysticercosis( albendazole or prqaziquatel is moreeffective) TOXICITY ; git distress ,headache, rash andfever
of 00

Leave a Comment

You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...
You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...