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Alliance Reborn:An Atlantic Compact for the 21
st
CenturyThe Washington NATO Project
Daniel Hamilton,
 Lead Author,
 Charles Barry, Hans Binnendijk,Stephen Flanagan, Julianne Smith, James TownsendCo-Authors
February 2009Atlantic Council of the United StatesCenter for Strategic and International StudiesCenter for Technology and National Security Policy, NDUCenter for Transatlantic Relations, Johns Hopkins University SAIS
 
 ii
Table of Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments…………………………………………………iiiIntroduction……………………………………………………………………...iv
 Executive Summary………………………………………………………………vi
I.
New World, New Partnership…………………1
Chapter 1
New World Rising………………………………………………………...2
Chapter 2
A 21
st
Century Transatlantic Partnership………………………………6
 A Partnership with Purpose A Better Box of Tools
Chapter 3
Two Immediate Tests……………………………………………………14
The Strategic Priority of Afghanistan and Pakistan Relations with Russia: Engagement and Resolve
II. A New NATO………………………………….20
Chapter 4
NATO’s Missions: Home and Away…………………………………....21
Where does NATO fit? Home Missions Away Missions
 Chapter 5
What’s Needed for NATO……………………………………………….27
Carrying Out NATO Missions at HomeCarrying Out NATO Missions Away
 
Chapter 6 
Internal NATO Reforms…………………………………………………43
Change the Way NATO Makes DecisionsChange the Way NATO Spends Money
 
Generate Appropriate Military Capabilities Match Missions to Means Rethink Functional and Geographic “Areas of Emphasis”
Conclusion………………………………………………………………...52Endnotes…………………………………………………………………………..53About the Authors………………………………………………………………..56
 
 iii
Preface and Acknowledgements
In fall 2008 our four U.S. think tanks – the Atlantic Council of the United States; theCenter for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS); the Center for Technology andNational Security Policy (CTNSP) at the National Defense University (NDU); and theCenter for Transatlantic Relations (CTR) at Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. NitzeSchool of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) -- launched the Washington NATOProject to spark debate before and after NATO’s 60
th
anniversary summit in April 2009.The Washington NATO Project seeks to generate new ideas and thinking about thetransatlantic community's role in a changing global security environment. Over the pastfive months we have solicited views on NATO’s future from scores of current and formergovernment officials and military leaders, legislators, think tank colleagues, scholars andother experts from both sides of the Atlantic. Four major conferences examined specificissues. The first conference, co-hosted by the Royal Netherlands Embassy and the SAISCenter for Transatlantic Relations (CTR), focused on the strategic environment andimplications for Alliance missions. The second conference, co-hosted by the Embassy of France and the Atlantic Council’s Strategic Advisors Group, focused on institutions andprocesses. The third conference, held at NDU with cooperation of the Embassy of Denmark, focused on capabilities. The final conference, co-hosted by the Embassy of theFederal Republic of Germany and CSIS, with support from the NATO Public DiplomacyDivision and EADS, sought to bring the various strands together. This report draws onthese consultations.As we have engaged in these dialogues, it has also become clear that a parallel effort isrequired to rethink and reform the U.S.-EU relationship. We will produce a companionreport on that vital partnership later this year.We wish to thank those mentioned above for helping to sponsor our deliberations, and themany Europeans and Americans who engaged in the discussions. We also wish to thank the Norwegian Ministry of Defense. Support for the Atlantic Council’s StrategicAdvisors Group by General Brent Scowcroft and Ralph Crosby and Tom Enders fromEADS/Airbus is also greatly appreciated. We are grateful to Espen Barth-Eide, EstherBrimmer, Fran Burwell, Camille Grand, Kenneth Huffman, Clarence Juhl, AndrzejKarkoszka, Franklin Kramer, Richard Kugler, Manuel Lafont Rapnouil, Julian Lindley-French, Leo Michel, Klaus Naumann, Diego Ruiz-Palmer, Simon Serfaty, Marten vanHeuven, Alexander Vershbow and others who remain anonymous for helpful insights.The views we express are our own, however, and do not necessarily reflect those of ourinstitutions, our sponsors, the U.S. government, or anyone participating in ourdiscussions. We do not claim to have found all the right answers. But we hope we haveraised some of the right questions.
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