RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY(M.Phil.English2008-09)
M.Phil. ENGLISHAssignment
RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY
2
INDEX
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SOCIAL RESEARCH
•
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
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INFERENCE
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HYPOTHESES
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
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MEASUREMENT, RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
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SCALES AND INDEXES
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EXPERIMENTAL AND QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
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SURVEY RESEARCH DESIGN
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DATA ANALYSIS
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QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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ETHICS IN RESEARCH
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PROGRAMME EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS
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REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
•
REFRENCES
RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY
3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research deals with problems, attitudes and opinions. With research we seek to understandwhy things behave the way they do, why people act in a certain way or what makes people buy a particular product. Some definations of research are worth mentioning:
Burns
(1994:2) defines research as, “
a systematic investigation to find answers to a problem.”
Grinne
l adds, “
Research is a structured inquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific inquiry and methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally acceptable”
According to
Kerlinger
(1986:10), “Research is a systematic, controlled and critical investigation of prepositions about the presumed relationships about various phenomenon
”From these definitions we can say that research is a process for collecting, analyzing andinterpreting information to answer questions. It draws conclusions from the data gathered,which is then generalized. Thus, it attempts to improve our understanding of the world inwhich we live.
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH:
According to CLIFFORD WOODY; the prime objectives of research are:-
•
To discover new facts.
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To verify and test the old facts.
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To analyze some phenomenon and identify the cause and effect relationship.
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To develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories to solve and understandscientific and non-scientific problems.
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To overcome or solve the problems occurring in our everyday life.
WHAT MAKES PEOPLE DO RESEARCH?
This is a fundamentally important question. No person would like to do research unless thereare some motivating factors. Some of the motivations are the following:
•
to get a research degree (Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)) along with its benefits like better employment, promotion, increment in salary, etc.
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Levels of Measurement for Research Assignment
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