1Vol. 57 / RR-7 Recommendations and Reports
Prevention and Control of Influenza
Recommendations of the Advisory Committeeon Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008
Prepared by Anthony E. Fiore, MD
1
David K. Shay, MD
1
Karen Broder, MD
2
John K. Iskander, MD
2
Timothy M. Uyeki, MD
1
Gina Mootrey, DO
3
Joseph S. Bresee, MD
1
Nancy J. Cox, PhD
1
1
Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2
Immunization Safety Office, Office of the Chief Science Officer, Office of the Director
3
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
Summary
This report updates the 2007 recommendations by CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (CDC. Prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2007;56[No. RR6]). The 2008 recommendations include new and updated information. Principal updates and changes include 1) a new recommendation that annual vaccination be adminis-tered to all children aged 5–18 years, beginning in the 2008–09 influenza season, if feasible, but no later than the 2009–10 influenza season; 2) a recommendation that annual vaccination of all children aged 6 months through 4 years (59 months)continue to be a primary focus of vaccination efforts because these children are at higher risk for influenza complications com- pared with older children; 3) a new recommendation that either trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine or live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) be used when vaccinating healthy persons aged 2 through 49 years (the previous recommendation was to administer LAIV to person aged 5–49 years); 4) a recommendation that vaccines containing the 2008–09 trivalent vaccine virus strains A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)like, A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)like, and B/Florida/4/2006like antigens be used;and, 5) new information on antiviral resistance among influenza viruses in the United States. Persons for whom vaccination is recommended are listed in boxes 1 and 2. These recommendations also include a summary of safety data for U.S. licensed influenza vaccines. This report and other information are available at CDC’s influenza website (http://www.cdc.gov/flu),including any updates or supplements to these recommendations that might be required during the 2008–09 influenza season.Vaccination and healthcare providers should be alert to announcements of recommendation updates and should check the CDC influenza website periodically for additional information.
group, but rates of infection are highest among children
Introduction
(
1–3
). Rates of serious illness and death are highest amongIn the United States, annual epidemics of influenza occurpersons aged >65 years, children aged <2 years, and personstypically during the late fall through early spring seasons.of any age who have medical conditions that place them atInfluenza viruses can cause disease among persons in any ageincreased risk for complications from influenza (
1,4,5
). Anannual average of approximately 36,000 deaths during 1990–1999 and 226,000 hospitalizations during 1979–2001 have
The material in this report originated in the National Center for
been associated with influenza epidemics (
6,7
).
Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Anne Schuchat, MD, Director;the Influenza Division, Nancy Cox, PhD, Director; the Office of the
Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective method
Chief Science Officer, Tanja Popovic, MD, Chief Science Officer; the
for preventing influenza virus infection and its complications.
Immunization Safety Office, John Iskander, MD, Acting Director, and
Influenza vaccine can be administered to any person aged
the Immunization Services Division, Lance Rodewald, MD, Director.
Corresponding preparer:
Anthony Fiore, MD, Influenza Division,
>6 months (who does not have contraindications to vaccina-
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC,
tion) to reduce the likelihood of becoming ill with influenza
1600 Clifton Road, NE, MS A-20, Atlanta, GA 30333. Telephone:
or of transmitting influenza to others. Trivalent inactivated
404-639-3747; Fax: 404-639-3866; E-mail: afiore@cdc.gov.
influenza vaccine (TIV) can be used for any person aged
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