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Pediatric Growth and Development
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTINFANT TO ADOLESCENT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Growth and development begin with birth. As infants and children grow and mature, they pass through predictable stages of development. Knowledge and assessment of growth and development help the nurse provide screening for physical and emotional problems; offer anticipatory guidance to parents and caregivers;develop a rapport with the child to enhance the provision of health care; and provide education to the family to build a healthy lifestyle for the future.
Infant to Adolescent Growth and Development
 
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Stage of FormalOperations
 Motor development 
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Usually uncoordinated;has poor posture.
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Tires easily.
Cognitive development 
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Mind has great abilityto acquire and useknowledge.
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Abstract thinking issufficient to learnmultivariable ideassuch as the influence of hormones on emotions.
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Categorizes thoughtsinto usable forms.
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May project thinkinginto the future.
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Is capable of highlyimaginative thinking.
 Psychosocial development 
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Interest in opposite sexincreases.
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Often revolts from adultauthority to conform to peer-group standards.
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Continues to rework feelings for parent of opposite sex andunravel theambivalence toward parent of same sex.
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Affection may turntemporarily to an adultoutside of the family(for example, crush onfamily friend, neighbor,or teacher).
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Uses peer-groupdialect, highly informallanguage or speciallycoined terminology.
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Peer groups areespecially importantand help adolescent todefine own identity, toadapt to changing bodyimage, to establishmore maturerelationships withothers, and to deal withheightened sexualfeelings. Cliques maydevelop.
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Dating generally progresses from groupsof couples to doubledates and finally singlecouples.
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Teenage “hangouts”
 
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DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING-Assessment tools have been created to determine the overall developmental age of a child or to detectspecific areas of development that are lacking. The most widely used developmental screening tool isthe Denver II Developmental Screening Test (Denver II). This tool provides for a quick overview of development in children from birth to age 6 years and identifies areas of strength and weakness relativeto age norms.-Another method for developmental screening involves interviewing the parent or caregiver aboutattainment of developmental milestones. Persistent deficits or deficits in multiple areas indicate a moreserious problem than deficits in a single area.
Developmental Milestones
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