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Table of Contents
I. Biography of Sigmund Freud ...............................................................................................5Biography of Sigmund Freud - Continued ............................................................................7I – Sigmund Freud’s Major Hypotheses about Personality.....................................................8A.Man’s Psychic system:...................................................................................................8B.“The Topography of the mind”.......................................................................................8C.“The Intrapsychic System”.............................................................................................8D.The Psychosexual Stages of Development.....................................................................8E.Personality Development...............................................................................................8F.That ego develops methods for reducing tension and self protection:............................8II - Criticism of Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory...................................................................9I – Structural Elements ......................................................................................................10H.Topographic Model of the Mind:...................................................................................10I. The Intrapsychic (Personality) System.........................................................................10II – Motivational Elements .................................................................................................10A.Theories of Instincts:....................................................................................................10III – Developmental Elements ............................................................................................10A.The Psychosexual Stages of Development:..................................................................10IV – Psychology of Adjustment and Psychopathology ........................................................10A.Theory of Anxiety:........................................................................................................10B.Fixation and Regression...............................................................................................10V – The Ego Defense Mechanisms (12 of 25)......................................................................101)Repression...................................................................................................................102)Introjection...................................................................................................................103)Projection.....................................................................................................................104)Denial..........................................................................................................................105)Compensation..............................................................................................................106)Identification................................................................................................................107)Rationalization.............................................................................................................108)Displacement...............................................................................................................109)Intellectualization.........................................................................................................1010)Reaction Formation....................................................................................................1011)Fixation .....................................................................................................................1012)Regression.................................................................................................................10Overview of Psychoanalytic Theory ......................................................................................16Introduction........................................................................................................................16Developmental Constructs.................................................................................................18 The Psychosexual Stages...................................................................................................19I.The Oral Stage .............................................................................................................19II.The Anal Stage ............................................................................................................19III.The Phallic Stage ........................................................................................................20IV.The Latency Stage ......................................................................................................21V.The Genital Stage ........................................................................................................22Development of Psychological Processes...........................................................................23Development of “The Ego Defense Mechanism”.............................................................23Identification...................................................................................................................23Displacement..................................................................................................................23Fixation...........................................................................................................................24Regression......................................................................................................................24Development of the Libido.................................................................................................25Each psychosexual stage has three main parts:.................................................................26I.Oral stage: Birth - 18 months (approx.)............................................................................27II.Anal Stage: 18 months - 3.5 years (approx.)...................................................................27III.Phallic Stage: 3.5 - 6 years (approx.)..............................................................................28IV.Latency Stage: 6 years to puberty --> (approx.).............................................................28V.Genital stage: post puberty.............................................................................................28V. Chapter 1 Review ..............................................................................................................29Introduction to Psychology:................................................................................................29
History of Psychology:........................................................................................................29 The Three Types of Research Methods:..............................................................................30VI.Descriptive Methods:..................................................................................................30VII.Experimental method:................................................................................................30VIII.Correlational method:................................................................................................30Important Terms & Concepts: ..............................................................................................31VI. Chapter 4: Classical Conditioning: p139 ..........................................................................35Focus Questions.................................................................................................................35What is classical conditioning and how did Pavlov study it?............................................35What basic procedures are involved in classical conditioning?........................................35Chapter 4: Classical Conditioning Phenomena and Applications: p142 ................................36Focus Questions.................................................................................................................36Why is timing of the CS and UCS important in classical conditioning?............................36Why is it important for the CS to “predict” the UCS?.......................................................36How do generalization and discrimination work?............................................................36How does biological predisposition affect classical conditioning?...................................36Experiments:...................................................................................................................37.......................................................................................................................................37VII. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov .......................................................................................................38 Terms Specific to Classical Conditioning ............................................................................39CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: Study Questions ..............................................................................................................................................41Practice Identifying the Classical Conditioning Components..............................................43Scenario I:.......................................................................................................................43Scenario II:......................................................................................................................43Chapter 4: Operant Conditioning: p149 ................................................................................45Focus Questions.................................................................................................................45What is operant conditioning and how did Skinner study it?...........................................45What basic terms and procedures are involved in operant conditioning?........................45The Skinner box ....................................................................................................................47Chapter 4: Operant Conditioning Phenomena and Applications: p154 .................................48Focus Questions.................................................................................................................48How are timing and consistency of operant conditioning contingencies important?.......48Why is reinforcement preferable to punishment?............................................................49What maintains superstitions and phobias?....................................................................50How do biological predispositions affect operant conditioning?......................................50OPERANT CONDITIONING: Study Questions ..............................................................................................................................................51VIII. Chapter 9: What is Personality: p333 .............................................................................52Focus Questions.................................................................................................................52How do psychologist and personality Theorist define personality?.................................52What elements do personality theories have in common?..............................................52Chapter 9: Psychodynamic Views: Freud and those who followed, p335 ..............................53Focus Questions.................................................................................................................53What was Freud’s basic view of personality and how it develops?..................................53What major contributions did Freud make to the study of personality?...........................53What aspects of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory were changed by psychodynamic theoristwho came after him?.......................................................................................................53Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory...........................................................................................53Id, Ego, and Superego.....................................................................................................54Psychosexual Development............................................................................................56 Jung verses Freud: Sexuality Isn’t Everything.....................................................................57Carl Gustav Jung.............................................................................................................57Adler, Horney, and Erickson: Social Influences...................................................................58Adler’s Individual psychology .........................................................................................58Horney’s Social Psychoanalytic Theory...........................................................................59Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory.......................................................................................60Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages.......................................................................................61
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