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Crazy Joe’s PSYCHNotes
PSY101, Unit I, Professor Tharney
By Joseph Eulo
Crazy Joe’s Psych 101 Notes II
Prof. T.R. Tharney: PSY101
CHAPTER ONE REVIEW
pp.1
Chapter 1 Review
Introduction to Psychology:
Although the definition of psychology has changed over the years, firstfocusing on the study of the mental processes, then on the study of observable behavior, today Psychology is the scientific study of mentalprocesses, behaviors and other unseen processes that go on inside theorganism.
History of Psychology:
It is important that the history of psychology be reviewed, beginning with thefounding of psychology as an independent “scientific discipline” (i.e. formalacademic discipline).1879:
Wilhelm Wundt
: the first
Experimental Laboratory in Psychology
(atLeipzig University in Leipzig Germany) and the
first school of thought
inpsychology,
Structuralism
,
Structuralism
: (1
st
school of thought is psychology) an approachthat emphasized
breaking down consciousness and mental activity
into
structural components
and analyzing them individually.1889:
William James
established the first American school of psychology atHarvard University, call
Functionalism.
Functionalism
: an approach that stressed how
modern humanthought
might result from progressive adaptations our ancestorsexperienced. Then psychology was influenced by the foundation of
Psychoanalysis
, by
Sigmund Freud
(Psychoanalytic theory 1
st
force in Psychology).
Psychoanalysis
: Analysis of the unconscious motives and conflictsof patients in an attempt to develop insight into their presentmental or behavioral problems. Then
Max Wertheimer
established the
Gestalt
school of thought inpsychology.
Gestalt psychology
: an approach that examines patterns of thought and behavior, emphasizing the situation or context in whichthey occur.Followed by the “shift in focus” in American psychology to the study of observable behavior, resulting from
John Watson’s
establishment of
Behaviorism
, and subsequently drawing on the later work of B.F. Skinner.
Strict Behaviorism
: (
2
nd
force of Psychology
) an approach thatconsiders only
overt behavior
to be appropriate subject matter forpsychology.Still later, Psychology was influenced by two of the most contemporaryschools of thought in psychology with the emergence of the
Humanistic
(
3
rd
force of Psychology
) school resulting from the work of
Abraham Maslow
and
Carl Rodgers
(with its focus on the uniqueness of human beings, and thedevelopment of human potentialities);
Crazy Joe’s Psych 101 Notes II
Prof. T.R. Tharney: PSY101
CHAPTER ONE REVIEW
pp.2
Humanistic Psychology
: (
3
rd
force of Psychology
) an approachthat emphasizes human values, goals, and desire for growth,fulfillment, and peace and happiness.And the rise of the
Cognitive
school resulting from the original pioneeringwork of
Jean Piaget
Cognitive approach
: a contemporary trend, based largely on theinformation-processing model that emphasizes mental andintellectual processes such as learning, memory, and thought.
Crazy Joe’s Psych 101 Notes II
Prof. T.R. Tharney: PSY101
CHAPTER ONE REVIEW
pp.3
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