Ngy son: 20/03/2010 Ngy ging: 22/03/2010 TIT 53 - 54: HIDRO SUNFUA - LU HUNH IOXIT

LU HUNH TRIOXIT
I. MC TIU 1. Kin thc HS bit: - Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, tnh axit yu, ng dng ca H2S. - Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin, tnh cht oxit axit, ng dng, phng php iu ch SO 2, SO3. HS hiu: - Tnh cht ha hc ca H2S (tnh kh mnh) v SO2 (va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh). 2. K nng - D on, kim tra v kt lun c v tnh cht ha hc ca H2S, SO2 v SO3. - Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ha tnh cht ca H2S, SO2, SO3. - Phn bit H2S, SO2 vi kh khc bit. - Tnh phn trm v th tch kh H2S, SO2 trong hn hp. II. DNG DY HC - GV: - Dung dch KMnO4, S, O2, ng nghim, n cn, kp ng nghim, bnh cu - HS: III. PHNG PHP - Nhm nh, nu vn . IV. T CHC GI HC 1. Khi ng * Mc tiu: Ti hin kin thc, to hng th hc bi. * Thi gian: 10p * Cch tin hnh: - Y/c mt HS nu tnh cht ha hc ca S, cho bit cc s oxi ha c th c ca S. Vit pthh. 2. Hot ng 1: Tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca hidro sunfua (H2S). * Mc tiu: HS nm c tnh cht vt l c bn ca hidro sunfua. * Thi gian: 5p * Cch tin hnh: Bc 1: - GV y/c HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca H2S v trng thi, mu sc, mi, t khi so vi khng kh, tan, tnh c. - HS thc hin Bc 2: - GV y/c HS trnh by, GV lu HS ngun to ra hidro sunfua. - HS thc hin. Kt lun: - GV nhn xt, b sung v cht kin thc cho HS: - Cht kh, khng mu, mi trng thi. - Nng hn khng kh - Tan it trong nc - Rt c - Tnh c ca H2S c kh gas, kh ni la, bc ra t xc ng thc vt, nc thi nh my 3. Hot ng 2: Tm hiu tnh cht ha hc ca hidro sunfua. * Mc tiu: HS nm c dung dch H2S l mt axit yu, H2S c tnh kh mnh.

* Thi gian: 20p * Cch tin hnh: Bc 1: - GV gii thiu: kh H2S tan vo nc to thnh dung dch axit sunfuhidric l mt axit rt yu, yu hn axit cacbonic. Y/c HS tho lun cp 3p: Khi cho H2S tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c th to ra nhng mui no? Vit cc pthh minh ha. - HS thc hin Bc 2: - T pthh HS vit, GV y/c HS nhn xt: Khi no to ra mui trung ha, khi no to ra mui axit? (HD HS da vo t l s mol ca NaOH v H2S) - HS thc hin Bc 3: - GV y/c HS nhn xt v: + S oxi ha ca S trong H2S? + H2S c tnh oxi ha hay tnh kh? Y/c HS tho lun cp 3p vit cc pthh minh ha cho tnh kh mnh ca H2S. - HS thc hin Bc 4: - GV m t TN: Sc kh H2S vo dung dch nc brom (vng nu) th thy dung dch b mt mu, hy vit pthh v xc nh s oxi ha ca S. - HS thc hin Kt lun: - GV nhn xt, b sung v cht kin thc cho HS * Tnh axit yu - Hidro sunfua tan trong nc dung dch axit sunfuhidric - Tnh axit rt yu (yu hn H2CO3) - Axit H2S l axit 2 ln axit, c th to 2 loi mui: mui axit (cha ion HS -) v mui trung ha (cha ion S2-): H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O H2S + 2NaOH Na2S + 2H2O n NaOH t T = n H 2S + Nu T 1 to mui axit NaHS + Nu T 2 to mui trung ha Na2S + Nu 1 < T < 2 to 2 mui NaHS v Na2S * Tnh kh mnh - S oxi ha ca S trong H2S l -2 S oxi ha nh nht ca S H2S c tnh kh mnh - Ty thuc vo iu kin phn ng m H2S c th b oxi ha thnh S0, S+4 hoc S+6. 2H 2 S + O2
2 0 2 0

(thiu)

2S + 2H 2 O
+4 2

2H 2 S + 3O2 (d) 2 S O 2 + 2H2 O - Sc H2S vo dung dch brom th thy brom mt mu: 2H 2 S + Br2 + 2H2 O 2H Br + H2 S O4 14 244 4 3 144 2444 4 3
( vng nu ) ( khngmu) 2 0 1 +6

=> Kt lun: H2S l cht kh mnh, ty thuc vo iu kin phn ng m H2S c th b oxi ha thnh S0, S+4 hoc S+6. 4. Hot ng 3: Tm hiu trng thi t nhin v iu ch H2S. * Mc tiu: HS bit trng thi t nhin v iu ch H2S trong ptn.

* Thi gian: 5p * Cch tin hnh: Bc 1: - Y/c HS n/c SGK tm hiu trng thi t nhin v iu ch H2S. - HS thc hin Kt lun - GV nhn xt, b sung v cht kin thc * Trng thi t nhin: - H2S c kh gas, sui nc nng, kh ni la, xc ng thc vt, nc thi nh my * iu ch: - Pthh: FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S 5. Tng kt v hng dn HS hc bi - GV nhn mnh ni dung trng tm bi hc + S oxi ha ca S trong H2S + Nguyn nhn tnh kh mnh ca H2S. - Cho HS lm bi tp cng c: Hon thnh s phn ng sau: SO2 FeS H2S S SO2 H2SO4 SO2 H2SO4 - BTVN: 1, 2, 3 SGK - Chun b bi mi: Lu hunh ioxit Lu hunh trioxit + Tnh cht ha hc ch yu ca SO2 l g? Nguyn nhn? + SO3 c tnh cht ha hc nh th no? + iu ch SO2 v SO3. (ht tit 53) (tit 54) 6. Khi ng * Mc tiu: Ti hin kin thc, to hng th hc bi. * Thi gian: 5p * Cch tin hnh: - Y/c mt HS nu tnh cht ha hc ca S, nguyn nhn tnh cht . Vit pthh. 7. Hot ng 4: Tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca lu hunh ioxit (SO2). * Mc tiu: HS nm c tnh cht vt l c bn ca SO2. * Thi gian: 5p * Cch tin hnh: Bc 1: - GV cho HS quan st bnh ng kh SO2, kt hp SGK cho bit tnh cht vt l ca SO2 v trng thi, mu sc, mi, t khi so vi khng kh, tan, tnh c. - HS thc hin Bc 2: - GV b sung mt s tn gi ca SO2. - HS nghe ging v ghi nh. Kt lun: - GV nhn xt, b sung v cht kin thc cho HS: - Cht kh, khng mu, mi hc. - Nng hn khng kh (d 2,2) - Tan nhiu trong nc - Rt c, gy vim ng h hp.

- Tn gi SO2: + Kh sunfur + Lu hunh ioxit + Lu hunh (IV) oxit + Anhidrit sunfur 8. Hot ng 5: Tm hiu tnh cht ha hc lu hunh ioxit. * Mc tiu: HS nm c SO2 va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh. * Thi gian: 15p * Cch tin hnh: Bc 1: - GV y/c HS tho lun cp 3p v tnh cht ha hc ca oxit axit: tc dng vi nhng cht no, vit pthh. Bin lun cho sn phm mui da vo t l s mol. - HS thc hin Bc 2: - GV gi i din 1 s cp trnh by, HS khc theo di, nhn xt, b sung. - HS thc hin Bc 3: - GV y/c HS tho lun nhm 3p: + Ti sao SO2 va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ha? + Hon thnh cc phn ng sau v xc nh vai tr ca SO2 trong cc phn ng . - HS thc hin Bc 4: - GV vn p cc nhm trnh by, sau GV biu din th nghim lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm cho HS quan st v nhn xt. - HS thc hin Kt lun: - GV nhn xt, b sung v cht kin thc cho HS * SO2 l 1 oxit axit: - SO2 tan trong nc dung dch axit sunfuro: SO 2 + H 2 O H2 SO3 123
(axit sunfuro )

- H2SO3 l axit yu (mnh hn H2S v H2CO3), khng bn: - Tc dng vi oxit bazo Mui SO2 + Na2O Na2SO3 - Tc dng vi dung dch bazo mui trung ha hoc mui axit: SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 SO2 + NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O n NaOH t T = n SO2 + Nu 0 < T 1 to mui axit NaHSO3 + Nu T 2 to mui trung ha Na2SO3 + Nu 1 < T < 2 to 2 mui NaHSO3 v Na2SO3 * SO2 va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ha. Do trong SO2, lu hunh c s oxi ha l +4, y l s oxi ha trung gian SO 2 va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh. S-2 S0 S+4 S+6
Tnh oxi ha Tnh kh

SO Br - Pthh: S O 2 + Br2 4+ 2H4O H24 4 42+ 2H4 14 24 2 3 1 4 44 3

( vng nu ) ( khng mu )

+4

+6

SO2: cht kh; Br2: cht oxi ha. Dng phn ng ny nhn bit kh SO2 (lm mt mu nc brom) - Pthh: S O 2 + 2H 2 S 3S + 2H2 O SO2: cht oxi ha; H2S: cht kh. => ng dng ca phn ng ny l lm sch khng kh, thu hi H2S. 9. Hot ng 6: Tm hiu ng dng v iu ch SO2. * Mc tiu: HS bit 1 s ng dng v iu ch SO2. * Thi gian: 10p * Cch tin hnh: Bc 1: - Y/c HS n/c SGK v lin h thc t tm hiu ng dng ca SO2. - HS thc hin Bc 2: - GV y/c HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu phng php iu ch SO2 trong ptn v trong cn. - HS tc hin Kt lun - GV nhn xt, b sung v cht kin thc * ng dng: - Sx H2SO4 - Ty trng bt giy, vi - Chng nm mc lng thc, thc phm. * iu ch: - PTN: Na2SO3 + H2SO4 SO2 + Na2SO4 + H2O - CN: S + O2 SO2 4FeS + 11O2 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 10. Hot ng 7: Tm hiu SO3. * Mc tiu: HS bit 1 s tnh cht, ng dng v iu ch SO3. * Thi gian: 10p * Cch tin hnh: Bc 1: - Y/c HS n/c SGK tm hiu tnh cht ca SO3. - HS thc hin Bc 2: - GV y/c HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu ng dng v iu ch SO3. - HS tc hin Kt lun - GV nhn xt, b sung v cht kin thc * Tnh cht: - SO3 l cht lng, khng mu - Tan v hn trong nc v trong axit H2SO4: SO3 + H2O H2SO4 H SO4 .nSO 4 3 nSO3 + H2SO4 1 24 2 4 4 3
( oleum ) +4 2 0

- SO3 l oxit axit mnh: SO3 + Na2O Na2SO4 SO3 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O

* ng dng: - SO3 l sn phm trung gian iu ch H2SO4 * iu ch: - CN: SO3 c sn xut bng cch oxi ha SO2 c xc tc: V2O5 2SO 2 + O2 2SO3 10. Tng kt v hng dn HS hc bi - GV nhn mnh ni dung trng tm ton bi: + Tnh cht ha hc ca H2S, SO2, SO3. - HD HS lm bi tp 8, 9, 10 SGK - BTVN: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 SGK - Chun b bi mi: Axit sunfuric Mui sunfat + Tnh axit ca dung dch H2SO4 long. + Tnh cht ca H2SO4 c. + Nhn bit ion sunfat.