Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BMW
BMW history
The company traces its origins to 1913, when a Bavarian named Karl Rapp began an
aircraft-engine shop in Munich named Rapp Motoren Werke. In 1917 Rapp resigned and
the company, led by Austrian engineer Franz-Josef Popp, changed its name to Bayerische
Motoren Werke. That same year chief engineer Max Friz designed the company's first
aircraft engine, the six-cylinder Type IIIa, which created strong demand for BMW
engines. When the 1919 Treaty of Versailles prohibited German companies from
producing aircraft and aircraft engines, BMW switched to making air brakes for railway
cars. In 1923 Friz developed the company's first motorcycle, the R32, a model that held
world speed records for motorcycles during most of the 1930s.
After World War II ended in 1945, Allied forces dismantled the company's main factories.
BMW made kitchen and garden equipment before introducing a new, inexpensive
motorcycle to the German market in 1948. The company's return to auto production in
the 1950s resulted in poor sales. In the 1960s the company turned its fortunes around by
focusing on sports sedans and compact touring cars, and it began to compete with
Mercedes-Benz in the luxury-car markets of Europe and the United States. BMW's U.S.
sales peaked in 1986 but then dropped steeply, partly due to competition from two new
luxury cars-Lexus, made by Toyota Motor Corporation, and Infiniti, made by Nissan
Motor Co., Ltd. The 1989 collapse of the Berlin Wall led to a boom in car sales in
Europe, and in 1992 BMW outsold Mercedes-Benz in Europe for the first time.
In 1990 BMW formed a joint venture with the British aerospace company Rolls-Royce
PLC to produce aircraft engines for business jets. In 1992 BMW broke ground for a
major automobile plant in Spartanburg, South Carolina, its first automobile plant in the
United States. In 1994 BMW acquired 80 percent of the Rover Group-a British
manufacturer of small cars, luxury cars, and Land Rover sport-utility
BMW logo icon
The competition,
sponsored jointly by General Motors and the Department of Energy, attracted 17
entrants to convert an Equinox to an alternative fuel drivetrain. Engineering students
from Mississippi State converted a 1.9 GM turbodiesel to a hybrid drivetrain running on
B20 biodiesel fuel.
Though it has
much to crow about in both sales and quality, Toyota may be stretching itself, according
to some analysts. Recalls have been on the rise. To date, Toyota has received 20 reports
of defects in the Tundra's 5.7-liter V8 due to a problem with the camshaft. This could be
a blow to the company’s U.S. sales targets of some 200,000 trucks this year.
This logo has changed significantly several times since its inception in 1913, when the tobacco
company was first opened and operated by Richard Joshua Reynold. Reynold had previous
experience in the industry as he had worked for some years on a tobacco farm owned by his father
in Virginia between 1874 and 1895. As a lover and smoker of tobacco, and owner of the business,
Reynold transported goods between two local towns, one of which regularly hosted a roaming circus
Barum & Bailey. Hence the Camel logo was born, from Reynolds' love of the circus in the nearby
town.
Carlsberg was established in 1847 by J. C. Jacobsen, a philanthropist and avid art collector.
Jacobsen's brewery pioneered refrigeration techniques, steam brewing and the propagation of one
single yeast strain. Carlsberg's original logos include the swastika and an elephant. Use of the
former ceased in the 1930s because of being associated with German political parties. The world
famous Carlsberg logo was introduced by Thorvald Bindesbøll in the year 1904, for the launch of
Carlsberg pilsner. The crown on the logo stands for the company's association with the Royal Danish
Court. Thorvald Bindesbøll (1846-1908) used to be Carlsberg's favorite designer at the time. Known
as Denmark's first industrial designer, Thorvald was involved in the design of anniversary books,
exhibition catalogs and beer labels for New and Old Carlsberg. At the time, the company spent 500
kroner on designing the logo but the investment proved to be worthful. Since then, the hand-drawn
logo remained mostly unchanged and continued to represent Carlsberg's distinctive emblem. Today,
just over 100 years since its launching, back in 1904, the Carlsberg logo landed a design prize
offered by the Danish Design Center. It's for the first time in history that a classic graphic design
receives a prize.
The Columbia Broadcasting system of New York City moved to the forefront of corporate identity
design as a result of two vital assets: CBS president Frank Stanton, who understood art and design
and their potential in corporate affairs, and William Golden (1911-1959). As CBS art director for
almost two decades, Golden brought uncompromising visual standards and keen insight into the
communications process. He designed one of the most successful trademarks of the twentieth
century for CBS. When the pictographic CBS eye first appeared as an on-air logo on 16 November
1951, it was superimposed over a cloud-filled sky and projected an almost surreal sense of an eye
in the sky. The efectiveness of the CBS logo design demonstrated to the larger management
community that a contemporary graphic mark could compete successfully with traditional illustrative
or alphabetic trademarks.
Centrino (Intel)
Intel uses the split design logo to show the convergence between information and technology. The
two wings the designer used suggest a link between technology and lifestyle and the progression
toward the future. The designer's use of the color Magenta for the lower of the two wings balances
the out against the bright contrast of the contemporary Intel blue, offering high energy visual
stimulation for the viewer. In this logo you can also see Intel's use of the "hanging e," which was
used in the original iteration of their logo and is carried over today as an embodiment of their
overall commitment to their original corporate philosophies.
The house of Chanel was founded by Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel in 1910. Coco Chanel was
one of the most significant fashion designers of all times. She revolutionizes women's wear and set
new standards for the contemporary style. Coco got into fashion opening up a small shop which first
sold ladies hats. Soon Coco and her house conquered not only Paris but the rest of the fashion
world. The corporate name Chanel became an icon of elegance and from then on, the Chanel logo
became synonymous to elegance, wealth, and elitism as well as a standard for international fashion.
The Chanel logo design was designed in 1925 by Coco Chanel herself and remained unchanged ever
since. It turned out to be one of the most recognizable symbols in the fashion world with its
overlapping double 'C' - one facing forward and the other facing backward. Chanel's logo is
frequently seen in perfumes, purses, shoes, and jewelry.
Chase Manhattan Bank corporate identity
Chermayeff & Geismar Associates moved to the forefronts of the corporate identification movement
in 1960 with a comprehensive visual image program for The Chase Manhattan Bank of New York.
Chase Manhattan's new logo design was composed of four geometric wedges rotating around a
central square to form an external octagon. It was an abstract form unto itself, free from alphabetic,
pictographic or figurative connotations. Although it does have general overtones of security or
protection because the four elements confine the square, this trademark demonstrated that a
completely abstract form could successfully function as a visual identifier for a large organization. A
distinctive sans serif typefacewas designed for use with the logo design. The selection of an
expanded letter grew out of Chermayeff & Geismar's study of the client's design and communication
needs. Urban signage, for instance, is often seen by pedestrians at extreme angles, but an
extended letterform retains its character recognition even when viewed under these conditions. The
uncommon presence of the expanded sans serif form in the Chase Manhattan corporate design
system launched a fashion for this kind of letterform during the first half of the 1960s. Consistency
and uniformity in the application of both logo and letterform enabled redundancy, in a sense, to
become a third identifying element. The Chase Manhattan corporate identification system became a
prototype for the genre. It led many corporate managers to seriously evaluate their corporate image
and the need for an effective and unique visual identifier. The rapid recognition value gained by the
Chase Manhattan mark indicated that a successfull logo could, in effect, become an additional
character in the inventory of symbolic forms that every person carries mentally. Tom Geismar
observed that a symbol must be memorable and have ''some barb to it that will make it stick in
your mind.'' At the same time, it must be ''attractive, pleasant and appropriate. The challenge is to
combine all those things into something simple''.
Chevron logo
The logo of this iconic American company shows us two downward angles
in a clipped and parallel manner. They originate directly from the name of
the company Chevron, which means "angles" in terms of rank and badge
rank, as one of the interpretations
Chiquita logo
The Chiquita Banana Company, also sometimes referred to colloquially as the "banana republic,"
dates back to the year 1870, when Captain Lorenzo Dow Baker transported a historically large batch
of bananas from Jamaica to Massachusetts on his sailing boat. When those bananas arrived, they
were spoilt and inedible, and he then committed to send another batch but this time of green
bananas, so that by the time they arrived they would be suitable and perfect for eating. In 1885, in
partnership with the then undertaker Andrew Woodbury, Preston set up the Boston Fruits company
and then 1899 the United Fruits Company. This current day logo resurfaced in 1963 from the talents
of a commercial artist. Initially it was derived from sketches of a half woman, half banana and was
referred to as a Chiquita meaning "tiny or small girl" in Spanish.
Chupa Chups Company Logo
Chupa Chups was the first candy designed with children in mind. Back in 1958 Enric Bernat
Fontlladosa launched the Chupa Chups hoping to create a more practical lollipop for kids. After the
end of the Francisco Franco dictatorship the company's founder managed to make his sweets known
worldwide. An innovative company as Chupa Chups needed an effective logo to represent it. Most
people are quite surprised to find out that the Chupa Chups distinctive daisy logo was designed in
1969 by the famous surrealist Salvador Dali . It's all 100% fact. After Bernat introduced his idea of
a more universal logo, Dali needed an hour only to draft on a newspaper what would become the
basis for today's Chupa Chups logo. It actually makes sense. Salvador Dali throughout his later life-
time would lend his image to a variety of commercial interests, using himself as a brand. He was the
ultimate self publicist, trait which led Breton to nickname him "Avida Dollars" when talking about
Dali's later output. The Chupa Chups logo can currently be found on all kinds of lollipops and related
items , and the company maintains its focus on creating new, exciting products.
The logo of the specialised chemistry section of Ciba depicts a pixilated and multicolored butterfly.
This butterfly was used as a symbol for Ciba's transformation into the future of growth and
expansion. The multiple colors used in the depiction of the butterfly are used to represent the many
divisions that make up the company.
Cisco logo designs
In 1984 Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, two computer science professionals based out of Stanford
University, created the Cisco corporation. Cisco is currently ranked in the top few of the specialist
routing and switching companies in the world and they have permeated technology sales across the
globe. The Cisco logo is in keeping with the companies original formation, San Francisco - and close
the Golden gate Bridge, which is also known as the "gate to the Pacific," in hope that this springs
success eternal.
Established in the year 1812 as the City Bank of New York, Citibank is known today as the corporate
banking branch of financial services colossus Citigroup, one of the largest companies in the world.
Paula Scher - the designer behind the recently re-branded Citibank logo, is a member of the Art
Directors Club Hall of Fame and the first Pentagram partner to receive the Type Directors Club
Medal. Paula has developed environmental graphics, identity and branding systems,publication
designs, packaging and promotional materials for a wide range of clients. Unveiled on February 13,
2007, the new logo is - as Paula has stated - a marriage of the the word Citi and the old Traveler’s
insurance umbrella to create an umbrella in the middle of the word. The change took place mainly
due to the transformation of Citibank from “Citigroup” to “Citi”. Scher cleverly used the "t" in Citi as
the handle for the Traveler's umbrella making the resulting giant far more approachable. There were
voices claiming that the previous emblem featuring a compass rose along the "Citibank" word mark
is felt to be more confident in depicting stature and visual presence. However, the company's cards
divisions and consumer banking operations responded to the new Citi logo with enthusiasm, and
relaunched its consumer banking operations around the world.
Citroen
The company logo of the 1919-initiated company, by founder Andre Citroen, the French automaker,
depicts two gear wheels as herring-bone teeth.
Acknowledging
that driving can bring out "primitive" behavior in motorists, including "impoliteness,
rude gestures, cursing, blasphemy, loss of sense of responsibility or deliberate
infringement of the highway code," the Vatican issued a highly unusual document
yesterday, directing Christians to a better form of motoring. It called for drivers to
exercise a host of Christian virtues: charity to fellow drivers, prudence on the roads, hope
of arriving safely and justice in the event of crashes. It suggested that prayer might come
in handy--performing the sign of the cross before beginning a trip and reciting the
Rosary along the way.
India’s largest bank, State Bank of India would now have the Government as its 59.73%
shareholder, which it has bought from RBI for Rs.40,000 crore. The stake transfer
primarily happened as it was inconsistent with RBI to play the role of being owner of a
commercial bank and as a banking regulator.
The government will value 31.43 crore SBI shares with face value of Rs 100 each, held
by RBI, at the average closing price for the past six months and moving average for the
previous fortnight. Once the SBI amendment Bill is passed in Parliament, it can reduce its
holding from 59.73% to 51%. At present, Govt. stake in SBI cannot fall below 55%.
There is also speculation that the government will bring a SBI public issue in the next
three months and raise at least Rs.5,000 crore. The amount raised shall be used to expand
existing operations and enter venture capital, private equity and wealth management
segments.
The issue is small as compared to ICICI Bank FPO, but this is due to the restrictions
imposed owing to the 55% government holding. The bank needs this money to widen its
capital base and meet the Basel II guidelines on capital adequacy which come into effect
from March 31, 2008.
Also, there may be a possible merger of State Bank of India with its seven associate
banks. But initially the seven banks may be merged to create the third largest bank in the
country, after SBI and ICICI Bank, in terms of assets and the second-largest in terms of
branch network.
SBI has already integrated the treasury operations of the seven associate banks and
created provisions for swapping non-performing assets collectively by the associate
banks. SBI would transfer its stake in these banks to a separate holding company which
will then absorb the seven associate banks.
The merger would unlock value and remover geographical overlapping. It will help SBI
to gain size and face competition post 2009 when foreign banks enter the markets. But
the concern is the possibility of rift in case of layoff due to merger and difficulty in
valuation as of the seven associate banks, only three are listed.
India’s largest bank, State Bank of India would now have the Government as its 59.73%
shareholder, which it has bought from RBI for Rs.40,000 crore. The stake transfer
primarily happened as it was inconsistent with RBI to play the role of being owner of a
commercial bank and as a banking regulator.
The government will value 31.43 crore SBI shares with face value of Rs 100 each, held
by RBI, at the average closing price for the past six months and moving average for the
previous fortnight. Once the SBI amendment Bill is passed in Parliament, it can reduce its
holding from 59.73% to 51%. At present, Govt. stake in SBI cannot fall below 55%.
There is also speculation that the government will bring a SBI public issue in the next
three months and raise at least Rs.5,000 crore. The amount raised shall be used to expand
existing operations and enter venture capital, private equity and wealth management
segments.
The issue is small as compared to ICICI Bank FPO, but this is due to the restrictions
imposed owing to the 55% government holding. The bank needs this money to widen its
capital base and meet the Basel II guidelines on capital adequacy which come into effect
from March 31, 2008.
Also, there may be a possible merger of State Bank of India with its seven associate
banks. But initially the seven banks may be merged to create the third largest bank in the
country, after SBI and ICICI Bank, in terms of assets and the second-largest in terms of
branch network.
SBI has already integrated the treasury operations of the seven associate banks and
created provisions for swapping non-performing assets collectively by the associate
banks. SBI would transfer its stake in these banks to a separate holding company which
will then absorb the seven associate banks.
The merger would unlock value and remover geographical overlapping. It will help SBI
to gain size and face competition post 2009 when foreign banks enter the markets. But
the concern is the possibility of rift in case of layoff due to merger and difficulty in
valuation as of the seven associate banks, only three are listed.
India’s largest bank, State Bank of India would now have the Government as its 59.73%
shareholder, which it has bought from RBI for Rs.40,000 crore. The stake transfer
primarily happened as it was inconsistent with RBI to play the role of being owner of a
commercial bank and as a banking regulator.
The government will value 31.43 crore SBI shares with face value of Rs 100 each, held
by RBI, at the average closing price for the past six months and moving average for the
previous fortnight. Once the SBI amendment Bill is passed in Parliament, it can reduce its
holding from 59.73% to 51%. At present, Govt. stake in SBI cannot fall below 55%.
There is also speculation that the government will bring a SBI public issue in the next
three months and raise at least Rs.5,000 crore. The amount raised shall be used to expand
existing operations and enter venture capital, private equity and wealth management
segments.
The issue is small as compared to ICICI Bank FPO, but this is due to the restrictions
imposed owing to the 55% government holding. The bank needs this money to widen its
capital base and meet the Basel II guidelines on capital adequacy which come into effect
from March 31, 2008.
Also, there may be a possible merger of State Bank of India with its seven associate
banks. But initially the seven banks may be merged to create the third largest bank in the
country, after SBI and ICICI Bank, in terms of assets and the second-largest in terms of
branch network.
SBI has already integrated the treasury operations of the seven associate banks and
created provisions for swapping non-performing assets collectively by the associate
banks. SBI would transfer its stake in these banks to a separate holding company which
will then absorb the seven associate banks.
The merger would unlock value and remover geographical overlapping. It will help SBI
to gain size and face competition post 2009 when foreign banks enter the markets. But
the concern is the possibility of rift in case of layoff due to merger and difficulty in
valuation as of the seven associate banks, only three are listed.