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Kuan Jiang
M. A. Sci. Candidate
Ottawa- Carleton Institute for Mechanical Engineering Ottawa, Canada Fall 2012
Outline
Introduction
Experimental procedures
Results and discussion
Microstructure development
Introduction
Wear Failure of Materials
Wear failure occurred frequently on mechanical components operating in high temperature, wear, corrosion, oxidation environment.
The total economical loss caused by wear failure is as much as 7% of Gross National Product in many industrialized nations every year. Wear failures of some mechanical components served in severe environment can be catastrophic.
Introduction
Materials for High Temperature Environment
Superalloys: Primary design for high temperature(540C) applications. Typically examples: Stellite alloys, Tribaloy alloys. Stainless steels: Strong resistance for corrosion and high temperature attack.
Research Background
Coating Techniques
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), Physical vapor deposition (PVD), Slurry coating, etc.
Mixing
Spraying
Drying
Sintering
Research Objectives
Investigate the influence of sintering heat treatment on the microstructure and wear resistance of superalloys. Explore wear mechanism of superalloys at room temperature and elevated temperatures (250C, 450C).
Alloy Type
Mn
T-400C
Sand Cast
Bal
14
26
2.6
Stellite22
Sand Cast
Bal
27
11
0.25
2.75
Disc
Microstructure Development
T-400C
Intermetallic Laves phase (Co3Mo2Si or CoMoSi) boundary became finer Precipitation of some white phases As-cast T-400C (1.00kx)
Co solid solution Newly precipitated Laves phase
Solid solution
Si, Mo decreased
Cr K Fe K Co K
Laves phase
Solid solution
Mo L Total
As-cast T-400C Solid solution Element Si K Cr K Fe K Weight% 2.21 16.16 1.42 Atomic% 4.86 19.16 1.56
Heat-treated T-400C Solid solution Element Si K Cr K Fe K Weight% 1.88 17.10 1.53 Atomic% 4.10 20.10 1.67
Co K
Mo L Total
56.86
23.35 100.00
59.42
15.00 100.00
Co K
Mo L Total
58.84
20.65 100.00
60.97
13.15 100.00
Microstructure Development
Stellite 22
A finer eutectic boundary was found in heat-treated alloy White area and black area became more distinct in multi-phase eutectic
As-cast Stellite 22 (2.00kx)
Primary dendritic Co solid solution
Oxide residuals
Plastic flow
Particle spallation
Conclusions
Annealing heat treatment promoted diffusion of alloying elements such as Si and Mo, thus contributed to the secondary precipitation of hard phases in T-400C and Stellite 22. The heat treatment increased the hardness and wear resistance of T400C . As for Stellite 22, the hardness is increased while the tribological properties is degraded. T-400C and Stellite exhibited least wear resistance at elevated temperature at 250C which may be attributed to the softening of material and formation of easily removed oxides.
Future work
More superalloys will also be studied for the influence of heat treatment. Superalloys will be applied in a series of other heat treatment cycles to determine the effects of various heat treatment parameters such as heating temperature, holding time, cooling speed and cooling medium on these high temperature alloys. The heat treatment effects on superalloys with various other fabrication state (e.g. HIP) will be investigated.
The effects of heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of superalloys will be studied.
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank people who made this work possible:
Prof. Ming Liang, Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Ottawa Prof. Rong Liu, Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University Dr. Kuiying Chen, Institute for Aerospace Research, NRC Kennametal Stellite Inc.
Questions?