1.

8 SOUND AND HEARING

Sound are produced by vibration. Sound needs a medium to travel. Sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases. Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

To study the production of sound.

Method: Activities A to C as shown in the table below were carried out.

Activity

Observations Inference My fingers can feel The vibration of the vibration of the vocal cords the vocal cords produces sound. The ruler vibrates and a sound can be heard. The free end of the tuning fork vibrates and a sound can be heard. The vibration of the ruler produces sound. The vibration of the tuning fork produces sound.

The kinetic energy of the vibration is changed into sound energy.

A guitar, a drum and a bell.

vibration.

To investigate the need of medium for sound to travel.

The tapping sound can be heard at the other end.

The tapping sound can travel through the pipe (solid) The sound of the bell can travel through the air (gas). The sound of the bell cannot travel through vacuum

The sound of the bell can be heard.

As the air is drawn out, the sound of the bell becomes weaker. When all the air is drawn out, the sound of the bell cannot be heard at all

As the air is let in the The sound of the bell bell jar, the sound of the needs a medium to bell becomes stronger travel.

1.

Why does the sound of the bell become fainter in step 2 ?

As the air was drawn out, there were lesser air molecules to pass on the sound vibration. This caused the sound of the bell to become weaker. When all air was drawn out, the vibrations cannot be passed on at all. Therefore no sound was heard. 2. Explain why sound cannot travel through vacuum. There are no particles in vacuum to transfer vibration.

3. Can sound travel through liquids? Explain Yes. This is because liquids has particles to transfer vibrations.

medium

vacuum

1.8 Sound and Hearing

Reflection and Absorption of Sound

 Bunyi di hasilkan oleh getaran Bunyi memerlukan medium untuk di pindahkan Bunyi boleh dipindahkan melalui;
Pepejal Cecair Gas

Bunyi tidak boleh dipindahkan dalam vakum

To investigate the reflection and absorption of sound

Hard and smooth Soft and rough

Loud Soft

The plank of wood is a good sound reflector because the ticking sound is louder when the plank of wood is used. The towel is a good sound absorber because the ticking sound is softer when the towel is used.

Thick curtains and walls lined with soft board.

reflected hard

absorbed. smooth

soft

good

Defects of Hearing and ways to correct them

Hearing Loss
First Type Second Type

Outer and middle ear

Wax blockage, A punctures eardrum, Birth defects, Ear infections.

Inner ear
Process of aging, Bacterial infections, A severe blow to the side of the head, Extended exposure to loud sounds, Tumour in inner ear, Permanently damage to receptors in cochlea

Often temporary. Treated medically or corrected surgically

Cannot be treated medically. Corrected with the used of hearing aids

Hearing Defects
The most common hearing defect is

deafness. Caused by:

Tearing of eardrum, Damage to the ossicles, Damage to the auditory nerves, Damage to the cochlea due to toxic chemical or exposure to loud sound, Damage to the hearing centre of the brain

Device to Overcome Hearing Limitations

A microphones sends a weak sounds to the loud speaker to increase the volume/ to be amplified.

Device to Overcome Hearing Limitations

The stethoscope increases the volume of the heartbeat or pulse

Device to Overcome Hearing Limitations

Hearing aids are used by people with hearing defects.

Stereophonic Hearing
The ability to hear with both ears. Enables us to determine the direction of the sound accurately
The ear closer to the sources of sound detects the sound slightly earlier and louder than the other ear. The brain interprets the difference, thus determining the sources of the sound.

Exercise
sound waves faster cannot medium

reflection
hard stereophonic

amplifies