Vi suy ngh v Chnh ph in t Vit nam

Gn y, theo thng tin bo ch, c mt s kin ng ch lin quan n qu trnh xy dng Chnh ph in t (CPT): Vin CNTT i loan trng thu t vn xy dng khung v cc tiu chun ng dng CNTT Chnh ph in t cho Vit nami. y l mt thng tin ng mng v n chng t qu trnh xy dng CPT chuyn sang mt giai on mi v cht. mt ci mc nh th, xin gp vi suy ngh. 1-Chng ta ang u? Theo bo co ca Lin hp quc Kho st v chnh ph in t nm 2010ii v 2012iii, Vit nam c cc ch s sau: Ch s pht trin CPT Nm 2008 Th hng ton cu

(E-government development index (World e-gov.development value ) ranking)

0.4558

91

2010

0.4454

90

2012

0.5217

83

Xt ring nm 2012, chng ta xp di Trung quc (78), Peru (82), trn Seychelles (84), Philipine (88), Thi lan (92) v Indonesia (97); ng th 4 trong 11 nc vng ng Nam ; ng th 83 trong 191 nc c xp hng. Theo tng kt tnh hnh trong nciv c ti 94.000 dch v cng trc tuyn c cung cp mc 1-2, 775 dch v c cung cp mc 3 v mt s dch v c cung cp mc 4, quy trnh th tc mt ca t t l 87% Tt c nhng con s trn mi ch l thng k hnh thc. N cha phn nh cht lng thc, mc s dng v s hi lng ca ngi dn. Tuy nhin, n cng cho thy mt khi lng cng vic ng k c thc hin.
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iu ng lu tm l khi lng cng vic trn v mt k thut c thc hin theo kiu phn tn, t pht. Ngoi cc ch trng chung, cha c mt c ch ch o ton quc. Cc tnh, b, ngnh t trin khai theo cch hiu ring ca mnh, ph hp vi mi trng ring ca mnh. l iu s gy kh khn rt ln cho cc giai on sau. Ngay trong bo co ni trn ca LHQ nm 2012, trong mt s ch tiu khc th hng ca chng ta cng khng phi l cao. Mt khc, CPT l mt lnh vc cha phi l lu ngay c vi th gii. Cui nhng nm 90, tro lu ny mi bt u v sut t cho n nay vn trong qu trnh va lm va rt kinh nghim, thch ng vi cc cng ngh mi, xut hin cc xu hng mi, yu cu mi. Vic chng ta cn lin tc cp nht, ci tin cng l chuyn bnh thng. 2-Cn lm g? Nm 2012 l mt nm bn l. t nc chng ta lm vo nhng kh khn ln, nhn ra nhng im yu v ang c nhng quyt tm i mi quan trng. Ring v ICT c hai s kin:

Cui nm 2011, Chnh ph ra ngh quyt 30c/NQ-CPv ban hnh Chng trnh tng th ci cch hnh chnh nh nc giai on 2011-2020, trong nu cc nhim v rt c th v ng dng cng ngh ICT vo hin i ha qun l nh nc. u nm 2012, th tng Nguyn Tn Dng c bi vit quan trng nu quan im ch o ti c cu nn kinh tvi. Trong c ni r c im th ba ca nn kinh t th trng: thc hin cng khai minh bch v trch nhim gii trnh v cc chnh sch qun l, cc n pht trin cng nh trong hot ng ca cc ch th kinh doanh. Cng khai minh bch khng nhng to c hi bnh ng trong tip cn thng tin, m quan trng hn, s to iu kin cho ngi dn gim st cc quyt nh ca cc c quan qun l, l bin php c bn ngn nga tham nhng v s tc ng ca cc nhm li ch vo qu trnh ra quyt nh. Trong nhng on nhn mnh trn, vai tr ca CPT rt quan trng. Quan im ny rt ging vi Chnh ph minh bch v m ca Mvii cng thc hin bng cc cng c ITC.

Trc nhng thay i quan trng nh vy, CPT cng cn c nhng bc ngot v cht ph hp. T trn xung hay t di ln? Trong xy dng CPT c hai cch lm: t trn xung (Singapor, Trung quc,) v t di ln (M, Philipine,). Mi cch c u nhc im ring v c la chn ty thuc vo c im tng nc, c bit l vo hot ng ca h thng chnh tr v nng lc cng ngh ca cc thnh phn chnh phviii. Nhng nc c chnh quyn trung ng tp trung mnh v/hoc cc cp di (b, ngnh, tnh, thnh ph) yu v cng ngh, cch trin khai ch huy thng nht t trn xung l ph hp. Nhng nc c h thng phn quyn mnh v/hoc cc cp di mnh v cng ngh, cch lm t di ln hiu qu hn. Nc ta cho n thi im ny CPT c trin khai theo cch t di ln l chnh. Nay n lc c nhng bin php theo hng t trn xung mt cch ph hp. iu khng c ngha l thay i 180 , ch huy tt c, kim sot tt c theo mt c ch tp trung cng. Nhng cng khng c ngha l khon gn cho cc ni lm. Vi c im nc ta, hi ha c c hai cch l hp l nht. Ngay c M, lm theo cch t di ln l chnh cng c Khung Kin trc Lin bang ch o chung. C th v thnh ph CPT hin xut hin nhiu khu dn c t nhiu t pht. n lc cn c chin lc pht trin v quy hoch tng th nh hng tng lai. Nu khng hu qu s nh tnh trng th hin thi. V tt c nhng iu ni trn, nhng ci nn lm l: 1. Mt chin lc quc gia v CPT. 2. Mt khung kin trc v/hoc kin trc quc gia v CPT v cc hng dn xy dng kin trc cho cc cp di. 3. Mt h thng t chc v c ch ch o, h tr trin khai hai th trn v kim sot tp trung nhng ci cn tp trung trong phm vi c nc.
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3-Chin lc quc gia v CPT C l khng cn phi ni v tm quan trng v s cn thit phi c mt chin lc quc gia v CPT. Kho st 20 nc tiu biu v CPT cho thy hu ht u c chin lc quc giaix. C th tham kho chin lc mt s nc ti yx C hai im cn lu khi xy dng chin lc ny. A) QUAN H H AI CHI U V I C I CCH H NH C H NH Cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn thng (ICT) l mt cng c mnh v khng th thiu cho mi chnh ph hin i. Cho n gn y, cc chnh ph u t nhiu vo ICT hot ng hiu qu hn. Trong giai on , ICT ch yu l thch ng vi m hnh chnh ph hin c hnh thnh nn CPT, tc l quan h mt chiu, tin hc ha, web ha nhng ci ang c. Tuy nhin, dn dn ngi ta nhn thy rng u t nhiu vo ICT nhng hiu qu khng c nh mong i (i vi cc nc tin tin), thm ch l tht bi (i vi cc nc ang pht trin). Nguyn nhn ch yu l m hnh hot ng ca chnh ph hin ti khng cho php tn dng ht kh nng ca ICT. V vy, t nhng nm 2003-2005 mt s nc i tin phong ci cch chnh ph sao cho c th ng dng c cng ngh (transformational government enabled by technology) Cc chnh ph hin i c nh ci cch nghim chnh s xem cng ngh khng ch nh mt cng c chin thut m l mt ti sn chin lc. Mt mnh cng ngh khng th ci cch c chnh ph nhng chnh ph cng khng th ci cch p ng s mong i ca cng dn hin i m khng c cng nghxi l quan h hai chiu: chnh ph dng cng ngh hot ng hiu qu hn, phc v dn tt hn v ngc li, cng ngh cng i hi chnh ph hon thin hn tn dng c nng lc ca n. Xu hng mi ny c xem nh s pht trin tip theo ca e-government, gi l transformational governmentxii,xiii. Vi nc ta, iu c phi qu xa vi, khng thc t khng?
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Vi nhng nhim v Hin i ha hnh chnh m Chng trnh tng th ci cch hnh chnh nh nc giai on 2011-2020 t ra: .bo m d liu in t phc v hu ht cc hot ng trong cc c quan; hu ht cc giao dch ca cc c quan hnh chnh nh nc c thc hin trn mi trng in t, mi lc, mi ni, da trn cc ng dng truyn thng a phng tin; hu ht cc dch v cng c cung cp trc tuyn trn Mng thng tin in t hnh chnh ca Chnh ph mc 3 v 4, p ng nhu cu thc t, phc v ngi dn v doanh nghip mi lc, mi ni, da trn nhiu phng tin khc nhau; b) ng dng cng ngh thng tin truyn thng trong quy trnh x l cng vic ca tng c quan hnh chnh nh nc, gia cc c quan hnh chnh nh nc vi nhau v trong giao dch vi t chc, c nhn, c bit l trong hot ng dch v hnh chnh cng, dch v cng ca n v s nghip cng; Khng th hon thnh nhng nhim v ny m khng ci cch hnh chnh theo hng ng dng c cng ngh, tc l lm ci transformational government ni trn. V vy chin lc (v c kin trc s ni phn di) cho tm nhn n 2020 phi th hin c quan h hai chiu ni trn: cng ngh khng ch un mnh phc v hnh chnh m hnh chnh cng phi c ci cch sao cho tn dng c ti a cng ngh, xem vic ng dng c cng ngh l mt tiu chun nh gi kt qu ca ci cch hnh chnh. iu ny thc ra khng c g mi. Nhng ai tng lm tin hc ha trc y u bit rng nu ci cch hnh chnh khng thnh cng th tin hc ha tht bi l chc chn. B) CC C NG C H TR SO N TH O C HI N L C. Son tho chin lc CPT c nh gi l mt cng vic cc chnh ph phi mt nhiu nm v dng nhiu ngun lc gi trxiv thc hin. Nu nh cc nc i u v CPT c l phi t my m nghin cu son ra chin lc th nay d liu c cc cng c h tr sau:

Kinh nghim ca cc nc (best-practice) Cc hng dn (Guidelinesxv,xvi,xvii)

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Cc Khung chin lc (The strategic framework of e-government ). V d m t tng quan mt khungxviii:

M hnh khung nu trn cho thy ni dung chin lc CPT khng h n gin. Vic chn la, tham kho cc hng dn (guidelines), khung (framework) v kinh nghim cc nc (best-practice) ri ty bin chng cho ph hp vi iu kin nc ta l ni dung ca nhng nghin cu nghim chnh ra ngoi phm vi bi bo ny. Ti liu trch dn: iChuyn Gia i Loan T Vn Khung Chnh Ph in T Cho Vit Nam, Baomoi.com<http://www.baomoi.com/Home/CNTT/ictnews.vn/Chuyen-gia-DaiLoan-tu-van-khung-Chinh-phu-dien-tu-cho-Viet-Nam/8039174.epi&gt; [accessed 17 March 2012]. iiUnited Nations E-Government Survey 2010 <http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan038851.pdf&gt; [accessed 23 March 2012]. iiiUnited Nations E-Government Survey 2012 <http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan048065.pdf&gt; [accessed 23 March 2012]. ivS m X Nhng Vn Nng Xy Dng Chnh Ph in T, Baomoi.com <http://www.baomoi.com/Home/CNTT/ictnews.vn/Se-mo-xe-nhung-van-de-nong-dexay-dung-Chinh-phu-dien-tu/7981685.epi > [accessed 26 March 2012]. vNgh Quyt 30c/NQ-CP Chng Trnh Tng Th Ci Cch Hnh Chnh Nh Nc <http://thuvienphapluat.vn/archive/Nghi-quyet/Nghi-quyet-30c-NQ-CP-Chuong-trinhtong-the-cai-cach-hanh-chinh-nha-nuoc-vb131576t13.aspx&gt; [accessed 28 March 2012]. viVTV Bi Vit Ca Th Tng Nguyn Tn Dng Nhn Dp Nm Mi 2012 <http://vtv.vn/Article/Get/Bai-viet-cua-Thu-tuong-Nguyen-Tan-Dung-nhan-dip-nammoi-201226c921dfda.html&gt; [accessed 28 March 2012]. viinh Gi Mc Minh Bch V M Ca Chnh Ph M | ZXC232-Phn Mm T Do Ngun M Free and Open Source Software <http://wp.me/p2VXH-Qw&gt; [accessed 29 March 2012]. viiiE-government Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World <https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/E-government&gt; [accessed 27 March 2012]. ixA Strategic Framework of e-Government: Generic and Best Practice <http://www.ejeg.com/issue/download.html?idArticle=196&gt; [accessed 19 March 2012]. xFactsheets | ePractice <http://epractice.eu/en/factsheets/&gt; [accessed 24 March 2012].

xiTransformational Government Enabled by Technology, p. 3 <http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/141734/transgov-strategy.pdf&gt; [accessed 28 March 2012]. xiiTransformational Government Enabled by Technology. xiiiTransformational Government Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformational_Government&gt; [accessed 27 March 2012]. xivE-government/The Importance of a National Strategic Framework for E-Government Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World <https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Egovernment/The_Importance_of_a_National_Strategic_Framework_for_E-Government > [accessed 28 March 2012]. xvGuidelines for the Formulation of e-Government Strategies <http://egov.comesa.int/index.php/fr/e-government-toolkit/30-guidelines-for-theformulation-of-e-government-strategies&gt; [accessed 27 March 2012]. xviGuidelines for the Formulation of e-Government Strategies <http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/unpan/unpan032960.pdf&gt; [accessed 27 March 2012]. xviiGuidelines_for_Country_Participants.pdf <http://www.caricad.net/UserFiles/File/Guidelines_for_Country_Participants.pdf&gt; [accessed 27 March 2012].

2- Kin trc, khung kin trc CPT. CPT l mt lnh vc mi bt u pht trin t cui nhng nm 90 v hin cn ang trong qu trnh pht trin. V vy c rt nhiu iu cn cha r rng, c nhiu cch hiu, cch lm khc nhau. Di y l vi v d: Khi nim khung (framework) c hiu khc nhau. Zachman nh ngha khung 1 nh mt s phn loi; TOGAF li coi khung l mt phng php chi tit v b cng c h tr pht trin mt kin trc 2, Roger Sessions coi khung kin trc l mt cu trc khung xng skeleton structure 3, kin trc FEA ca M cng c coi nh mt framework, v.v. Ngay trong mt loi khung kin trc, ni dung cng khc nhau. Khung CPT ca Uganda 4c ni dung kh n gin, trong khi khung CPT ca M 5 tng i y v phc tp.

Trong CPT c nhiu loi khung: khung kin trc, khung php l, khung k thut, khung tng hp, v.v Trong mt khung li c th c cc khung khc. Vn phc tp, ri n mc m c chuyn gia phi vit c mt quyn sch Lm th no sng st trong rng rm cc khung kin trc 6. V vy, mc d khung CPT do t vn nc ngoi xy dng, nhng v pha chng ta cng cn c nhng nghin cu nht nh c th ra u bi, hiu, iu khin v nh gi, nghim thu c kt qu ca t vn. Qua tham kho mt s cng trnh nghin cu trong nc, xin c vi xut rt kinh nghim cho ln ny. tng chung l i vo mt khu rng rm nh dn trn, c nhiu gc nhn khc nhau, nhiu phng php tip cn, nhiu loi cng c. Cn chn ra, to ra nhng ci ca ring mnh, ph hp vi iu kin c th ca mnh ngay trc khi bc vo khm ph nu khng mun b lm vo tnh trng ch thy cy m khng thy rng, hoc bc vo rng vi hai bn tay khng, nhn bng con mt ngi khc, ph mc cho ngi dn dt. Di y nu ln vi iu cn lu khi chn phng php, cng c i rng, cha bn n cc vn k thut c th.
A) CHN PHNG PHP LUN XY DNG KHUNG CPT

Theo mt nghin cu gn y 7, khong 90% kin trc t chc (tm dch cm t enterprise architecture, m kin trc CPT l mt trng hp ring) c xy dng dng mt trong 4 phng php lun (methodology) sau:

Khung kin trc Zachman (The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architectures)8: l mt h thng phn loi (taxonomy), m t cc thnh phn kin trc phi c di gc nhn khc nhau ca nhng ngi lin quan. Nhng c nhiu vn quan trng khng c Zachman cp ti. N cng khng ch cch xy dng mt kin trc mi nh th no.

Khung kin trc TOGAF (The Open Group Architectural Framework TOGAF) 9: l mt phng php (method) hng dn chi tit cch xy dng
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mt kin trc km theo cc cng c h tr, nhng li khng ch cch lm th no xy dng mt kin trc tt, cho nn kt qu c th khng nh mong mun.

Kin trc Chnh ph lin bang M (The Federal Enterprise Architecture FEA) 10:khng ch l 5 m hnh tham chiu, m cn c 4 ti liu v phng php lun p dng v hng dn tng bc. V vy, FEA c xem l mt phng php lun y , kt hp c c hai phng php lun ni trn, c khung nh gi kt qu. Mc d tn chnh thc ca n l kin trc nhng cng c xem nh mt framework, k tha t FEAF.

Phng php lun Gartner (The Gartner Methodology): Gartner l mt cng ty nghin cu v t vn v IT ni ting 11. Phng php lun xy dng kin trc ca Gartner c nh gi cao do uy tn v tay ngh (practise) ca cng ty 12 v do , phi do ngi ca cng ty thc hin.

(Mt nghin cu khc cho rng hin c 6 khung kin trc hng u 13, nhng iu cha quan trng y). Mi mt phng php lun trn c u nhc im, iu kin p dng ring (v cn mt s phng php khc 14). Vic la chn mt hoc vi phng php hay t hp cc u im ca nhiu phng php ph hp vi iu kin nc ta phi l ni dung ca mt nghin cu ring. Nhng xt n thc t i ng chuyn gia v kin trc tng th hin nay, mt trong nhng yu cu cn c l phng php lun phi c hng dn p dng (method, guidance) r rng, chi tit v d hiu. V iu quan trng na, khi chn phng php lun ri phi theo ng n. C nhng cng trnh ni l da vo TOGAF, FEA, nhng khi thc hin ch dng mi cc m hnh tham chiu l khng . Mt v d p dng pha s b ca TOGAF vo CPT xem y 15.
B) CHN PHNG PHP SO SNH, NH GI KHUNG CPT

Khi c phng php lun, bc tip theo l so snh, nh gi mt s khung CPT ca cc nc rt kinh nghim v chn ra mt s mu. Nu ch n thun
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l lit k, m t kinh nghim cc nc th khng . Cn phi c phng php, tiu ch so snh, nh g khung CPT. Mt khc, xy dng c mt khung CPT ri, lm sao bit n tt hay xu nghim thu? Cng cn c phng php, tiu ch thm ch thang im theo yu cu t ra ban u. c mt s cng trnh nghin cu v vn ny. V d: Roger Sess ions 16 a ra nhiu tiu ch chm im; Kostovska et al 17 xut hn mt phng php lun nh gi, v.v B Ti chnh Phn lan c a ra mt khung nh gi hot ng xy dng CPT, mc d cha chi tit theo nhu cu ca chng ta, nhng cng ng tham kho 18 Phng php nh gi khung CPT khng n thun ch l v mt k thut. N phi th hin c c im c th ca quc gia trong qu trnh xy dng CPT, th hin nhng trng tm cn nhn mnh v nhng mc tiu u bi t ra cho vic xy dng khung CPT. V d: nu coi trng ci cch hnh chnh hng CPT th phn m hnh nghip v phi c cho im s cao, nu hng ti phn quyn mnh th tnh tng hp phi c u tin hng u, v.v.. Cc cng c ni trn (phng php, tiu ch, thang im hay khung) khng phi l c nh, c th ty bin, sa i, kt hp to nn mt cng c ph hp vi nhu cu ring. Sau bc nh gi, la chn mt cch c phng php nh trn phi ch ra c ci khung ta cn c hnh hi nh th no, c nhng ni dung g, chi tit n u, cc mu chn l g v quan trng nht l ti sao li quy nh, chn nh vy. Tm li, y cng l vn cn quan tm v gii quyt trc khi bt tay vo xy dng khung CPT v l c s nghim thu.

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C) TNH TNG HP V KIN TRC CPT

Ngay c khi cha c kin trc, mt yu cu sng cn l cc h thng ICT phi c tnh tng hp (interoperability) v mt k thut: trao i thng sut c d liu vi nhau v s dng c d liu . m bo tnh tng hp cp ny, cc chnh ph thng ban hnh mt b chun k thut hoc khung tng hp (interoperability frameworks) m cc h thng ICT nn hoc phi tun th. Tuy nhin theo ngha rng ca tnh tng hp: cc c quan chnh ph lm vic c vi nhau qua CPT 19 th tng hp k thut nh ni trn l khng , CPT phi c xy dng trn mt kin trc chung 20, 21. V vy c 3 cch m bo tnh tng hp: a/ Xy dng ng thi b chun tng hp v kin trc CPT 22, b/Xy dng khung v/hoc kin trc CPT trong mt trong nhng nguyn tc l m bo tnh tng hp 23, tc l lng ghp khung tng hp vo ni dung kin trc hoc c/Chia lm 2 giai on: u tin ban hnh khung tng hp (hoc b chun k thut), sau mi ban hnh kin trc CPT 24. Vi c im tnh hnh c th ca Vit nam, cch th ba c v hp l, kp thi v kh thi hn. Trong khi ch i xy dng v p dng khung v/hoc kin trc CPT, cn c ngay mt b chun k thut tng hp trnh nhng phc tp, tn km sau ny. l iu m cc quyt nh v thng t s 20/2008/Q-BTTTT, 01/2011/TT-BTTTT lm v cn tip tc hon thin. Nay n giai on xy dng khung CPT, cn ch a vic m bo tnh tng hp theo cch a/ hoc b/ trn.

D) CHN CNG C KIN TRC

Vn ny tuy khng v m nh nhng ci bn trn, nhng li rt quan trng nu mun p dng kin trc thnh cng. Mt kin trc c th c xy dng v p dng c lin quan n cc yu t: a/K tha kin trc cp trn, b/S dng li nhng phn c th ca cc kin trc ngang cp, c/Chia s cc phn c th dng
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chung cho cc n v khc, d/Sa i, cp nht lin tc theo qu trnh pht trin, e/ Truyn t xung cc cp di trin khai tip, p dng vo cc sn phm c th, f/ Nhiu ngi, nhiu b phn tham gia xy dng, xt duyt, trin khai di nhiu gc nhn khc nhau v.v Tt c nhng iu khng th thc hin c nu khng c mt ngn ng chung v cc cng c ph hp c thng nht trong ton h thng. Tng t nh ngn ng bn v k thut v cc phn mm thit k trong kin trc xy dng, c hai vn di y nn c ch r v thng nht s dng: 1- Ngn ng m hnh kin trc ( enterprise architecture modeling language ) Mt kin trc c rt nhiu i tng quan tm (stackeholders) di nhiu gc nhn (viewpoint) khc nhau v gm nhiu loi m hnh khc nhau. cc i tng c th hiu, thng tin vi nhau, cn c ngn ng chung. Hin nay, cha c mt ngn ng duy nht cho kin trc tng th (enterprise architecture) ni chung v kin trc CPT ni ring 25. V vy mt b cc ngn ng ph hp vi tng lnh vc kin trc CPT (ArchiMate, BPMN, UML,) nn c chn v quy nh thng nht trong ton h thng. Sau khi quy nh, v d m t cc quy trnh nghip v bng BPMN, cc on vn m t di l th, cc s v ty mi ni mt kiu s khng c php tn ti na. Cng ging nh nhng ngi tham gia xy dng mt cng trnh c th hiu nhau, cng lm da trn cc bn v xy dng, nhng ngi tham gia xy dng CPT s d dng hiu nhau, cng phi hp trn nn mt b ngn ng m hnh kin trc CPT chung. 2- Phn mm xy dng kin trc (enterprise architecture tools) Ni n CPT tc l ni n phn mm l cng c c bn ca n. V vy, xy dng, bo tr mt kin trc CPT c th cng khng th thiu phn mm cng c. Li ch ca vic dng phn mm cng c c l khng cn phi bn ci.

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Xy dng CPT tc l p dng phn mm, truyn thng vo cc cng vic, dch v ca chnh ph. Vy th khi xy dng kin trc CPT chng c l do g khng dng cc phn mm xy dng kin trc h thng c sn. Nghin cu, la chn mt hoc nhiu phn mm xy dng kin trc h thng l nhim v ca mt ti ring, nn c thc hin v quy nh thng nht trong ton h thng. Mt s gi , danh mc c th xem ti 26, 27
E) M HNH PHT TRIN

Xy dng CPT, nht l vo giai on hin nay bt u da vo khung v kin trc, chng ta ging nh nhng ngi ln u tin xy dng mt ngi nh ring cho mnh. Kin thc, kinh nghim, i ng chuyn gia u rt thiu. V vy:

Vic s dng t vn k thut nc ngoi l cn thit. Nhng c l t vn nc ngoi v qun l qu trnh trin khai (v d: qun l gi thu xy dng khung CPT ni trn) cng nn c, nht l vi nhng d n u tin.

Trong mi lc, mi ni c th, cn s dng cc cng c c sn. Nh v d nu trn, tm hiu so snh kinh nghim xy dng CPT cc nc cng cn c mt khung nh gi v cc tiu ch c th. Thc t mt s cng trnh thc hin cha ch s dng cng c, suy lun theo nhn thc ch quan, thm ch chn cng c ri nhng khng theo n cng. l mt iu ng tic.

Thch thc ln nht vi chng ta khi bc vo xy dng, p dng kin trc CPT nh ni trn l kin thc, kinh nghim, i ng chuyn gia u rt thiu. V vy, m hnh pht trin kin trc CPT cho cc a phng, b, ngnh nn theo hngpht huy tr tu tp th: a/ Cng khai ha qu trnh trin khai v cc kt qu tng bc trn Internet mi ngi c th tham gia, b/Chia s, cho php s dng chung cc kt qu t c v c/Tin ti xy dng c mt cng ng CPT bao gm ngi qun l, ngi thit k, ngi s dng, ngi th nghim, nh gi, v.v. trong v ngoi nc c
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th trao i, chia s kinh nghim v cc kt qu kin trc cng khai trn mng (tt nhin l tr nhng phn mt). Tm li l theo m hnh pht trin m tng t nh m hnh pht trin Phn mm T do Ngun m. Vi ngun lc nhn s cn thiu v yu, c l l cch duy nht m bo thnh cng khi trin khai i tr. 3- Li kt: Cc kin nu trn y ch c tnh cht gi m, t vn . Cc ti liu dn cng ch nu vn , tham kho, khng c ngha l ti liu tt nht, cn rt nhiu ti liu khc tng t. Mi vn t ra u i hi c nghin cu y , bi bn v su sc hn bi mt i ng chuyn gia d ch ra u bi, hiu, iu khin v nh gi, nghim thu c kt qu ca t vn. Trc y, ngi vit bi ny cng mi tm hiu c mt phn v chin lc v kin trc doanh nghip in t vi d nh p dng nhng khng c iu kin thc hin. Tuy vy, cng mnh dn ng gp v li ch chung. Xin cm n anh L Trung Ngha, b KHCN gip nhiu ti liu tham kho. Hy vng l c ch. Mi kin xin gi v a ch phanvinhtri@gmail.com. Ti liu trch dn: 1About The Zachman Framework TM <http://www.zachman.com/about-thezachman-framework&gt; [accessed 11 March 2012]. 2TOGAF 9.1, p. 3 <http://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9doc/arch/index.html&gt; [accessed 19 March 2012]. 3A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb466232.aspx&gt; [accessed 18 March 2012].

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4Uganda E-govt_framework_June 2010.pdf <http://www.nita.go.ug/uploads/Final%20Draft%20Egovt_framework_June%202010.pdf&gt; [accessed 28 March 2012]. 5Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework <http://www.cio.gov/documents/fedarch1.pdf&gt; [accessed 7 April 2012]. 6How to Survive in the Jungle of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks: Creating Jaap Schekkerman Google Sch <http://books.google.com.vn/books/about/How_to_survive_in_the_jungle_of_enter pri.html?id=k_9cUrpT4lsC&redir_esc=y&gt; [accessed 12 March 2012]. 7A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies. 8Zachman International The Official Home of The Zachman Framework TM <http://www.zachman.com/&gt; [accessed 19 March 2012]. 9TOGAF 9.1. 10Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) | The White House <http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/e-gov/fea&gt; [accessed 14 April 2012]. 11Why Gartner Is Critical To Your Business <http://www.gartner.com/technology/why_gartner.jsp&gt; [accessed 12 April 2012]. 12The New Enterprise Architecture (Gartner) <http://www.gartner.com/pages/story.php.id.2226.s.8.jsp&gt; [accessed 12 April 2012]. 13Comparison of the Top Six Enterprise Architecture Frameworks <http://www.cioindex.com/enterprise_architecture.aspx&gt; [accessed 16 April 2012]. 14Enterprise Architecture (EA) Frameworks List | DesktopAuditing <http://www.desktopauditing.com/enterprise-architecture-ea-frameworks-list&gt; [accessed 19 March 2012].

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15Dok_eGov-Basic-Concepts.pdf <http://147.86.7.23/wikigov/images/b/b0/Dok_eGov-Basic-Concepts.pdf&gt; [accessed 14 April 2012]. 16A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies. 17Evaluation Methodology for National Enterprise Architecture Frameworks.pdf <http://www.ictinnovations.org/htmls/papers/ictinnovations2010_submission_20.p df&gt; [accessed 20 March 2012]. 18Overview of Enterprose Architecture Work in 15 Countries <http://www.vm.fi/vm/en/04_publications_and_documents/01_publications/04_pu blic_management/20071102Overvi/FEAR_ENGLANTI_kokonaan.pdf&gt; [accessed 16 April 2012]. 19Undp-gif-overview.pdf, p. 1 <http://www.ibm.com/ibm/governmentalprograms/undp-gif-overview.pdf&gt; [accessed 20 March 2012]. 20Undp-gif-overview.pdf, p. 2. 21Interoperability Frameworks and Enterprise Architectures in Egovernment Initiatives in Europe and the United States, p. 13 <http://www.upv.es/~lguijar/nova/investigacio/pubs/Guijarro2007SelfArchive.pdf &gt; [accessed 29 March 2012]. 22Saga_4_0_englisch_download.pdf <http://www.cio.bund.de/SharedDocs/Publikationen/DE/Architekturen-undStandards/saga_4_0_englisch_download.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&gt; [accessed 19 March 2012]. 23Danish White Paper on Enterprise Architecture, p. 41 <http://en.itst.dk/itarchitecture-standards/publications/whitepaper-on-itarchitecture/whitepaper.pdf&gt; [accessed 13 April 2012]. 24Interoperability Frameworks and Enterprise Architectures in Egovernment Initiatives in Europe and the United States, p. 20.
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25Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide V6.3.pdf <http://www.enterprisearchitecture.info/Images/EA%20Tools/Enterprise%20Architecture%20Tool%20Se lection%20Guide%20v6.3.pdf&gt; [accessed 16 April 2012]. 26Enterprise Architecture Tools, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments (IFEAD) <http://www.enterprisearchitecture.info/EA_Tools.htm&gt; [accessed 16 April 2012]. 27Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide V6.3.pdf.

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