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Veterinary World, Vol.1, No.3, March 2008
Cost of Milk Production in relation to herd strength
D. M. Badukale, D. R. Ambulkar, S.K.Sahatpure and P. M. KapaleDepartment of Livestock Production and ManagementPost Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Akola 444 104 (MS).
Introduction
The bovine livestock forms the third largest re-source of India’s economic base after land and irri-gation. India has made remarkable strides in thearena of dairy development. Milk production in Indiais reported to be steadily increasing. It was 17.4 mil-lion tonnes (MT) in 1950-51 reaching 74.3 MT dur-ing the year 1997 (Anon., 1997). However, this de-velopment is considered insignificant when viewedagainst the huge cattle and buffalo population in thecountry, ver low productivity of our milch animals andinability of large segment of population to afford toconsume milk.The present economic condition demands thatthe dairy animals should not only be high producersbut should be profitable, too. The economics of dairycattle production and ultimately dairy developmentdepend not only on the level of milk production butalso on the other factors, viz. herd size, labour utili-zation, lactation efficiency, reproduction, breeding,growth, stayability, etc. and profitability of dairy unitswhich is the prime objective in any business enter-prise. The present research work was undertaken atLivestock Instructional Farm, Dr. PanjabraoDeshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola to assess milkproduction trends in relation to herd strength, to as-sess optimum size of herd for maximum profit perunit animal, cost of milk production and effect of vari-ous factors of cost on the total cost of milk produc-tion.
Material and Methods
The present work was undertaken at the Live-stock Instructional Farm (LIF), Dr. PanjabraoDeshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth (Dr. PDKV), Akola (MS).Akola is located in subtropical region having extremeclimatic conditions situated at a latitude of19.21
o
North, longitude of 76.38
o
East and at an alti-tude of 303 meters above mean sea level. Minimumtemperature in winter is 10
o
C and the maximum tem-perature is 48
o
C in summer with an average 165.5mm rainfall.To study the milk production trends at organizedcrossbred cattle and buffalo dairy herds, yearwisedata of the ten financial years from 1989-90 to 1998-99 related with herd strength, milk yield, lactationalefficiency, milk production trends and various ex-penses incurred upon dairy herds for their manage-ment collected from the records maintained at Live-stock Instructional Farm (LIF), Dr. PanjabraoDeshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth (Dr. PDKV), Akola.The yearwise data of total herd strength (HS),number of milch animals (MA), number of dry ani-mals (DA), young stock (YS), cost of feed per animal(CF/A), cost of labour or labour charges per
Abstract
The yearwise data of total herd strength (HS), number of milch animals (MA), number of dry animals(DA), young stock (YS), cost of feed per animal (CF/A), cost of labour or labour charges per animal(LBCH/A), cost of medicine per animal (Med./A) and cost of miscellaneous items per animal (Misc./A)categorized into two groups : Group A and Group B. The observations with herd strength above 200 andbelow 200 were placed in Group A and Group B, respectively. The years categorized under Group A were1989-90 to 1994-95 and 1997-98 while those under group B were 1995-96, 1996-97 and 1998-99. Lac-tation Efficiency (LE) has parallel relationship with number of milch animals on the farm. Total herdstrength had highly significant (P<0.01) negative correlation with all the cost parameters except FC/Aand Med./A. FC/A and LBCH/A were lower and milk yield (MYHB and MYWB) was higher in group A thanin group B indicates that higher herd strength group is more beneficial to maintain and manage at orga-nized dairy farm than the lower herd strength group.
Keywords
: Milk Production, Herd strength, Cost, Lactation Efficiency, Milch animals
Veterinary World, Vol.1(3): 77-79
RESEARCH
077
 
Veterinary World, Vol.1, No.3, March 2008
Year groupHSMA (%)DA (%)YS (%)LE (%)MYHBMYWB(in litres)(in litres)Group A
Mean A245.2821.7228.1550.1943.61408.571912.71SE7.623.762.575.482.3639.69224.62
Group B
Mean B165.3321.5531.546.9440.392931316SE23.919.245.3611.043.8986.56309.14Pooled mean221.3021.6729.1649.2142.65373.901735.70SE14.664.343.4612.431.9639.32196.38
Table 1.Mean and SE of herd strength groups A and B and pooled mean and SE of total herdstrength during the years 1989-90 to 1998-99
animal (LBCH/A), cost of medicine per animal (Med./ A) and cost of miscellaneous items per animal (Misc./ A) categorized into two groups : Group A and GroupB. The observations with herd strength above 200and below 200 were placed in Group A and GroupB, respectively. The years categorized under GroupA were 1989-90 to 1994-95 and 1997-98 while thoseunder group B were 1995-96, 1996-97 and 1998-99.Lactational efficiency (LE) was calculatedyearwise according to the formula used by Pandeyet al. (1991).Milk yield on herd basis (MYHB) calculated as -Milk yield on wet basis (MYWB) calculated as -The fixed cost per animal per day (FC/A) wasassumed as 15 per cent of the total cost of milk pro-duction (Shah and Sharma, 1994; Sharma and Singh,1994 and Kalara et al., 1995). Total variable cost peranimal per day (TVC/A) which is comprised of thesum of feed cost (CF/A), labour charges (LBCH/A),medicinal expenditure (Med./A) and miscellaneouscost (Misc./A) calculated using various formulae.Total cost of milk production (FC + TVC) peranimal per day on herd basis (TC/A-Herd) was cal-culated using the following formula.
Results and Discussion
The mean herd strength (HS) irrespective ofyears for the Group A and Group B found to be 245.28± 7.62 and 165.33 ± 23.91, respectively with meanherd strength during the experiment period was221.30 ± 14.66. Mean percentage of number of milchanimals in the group A, B and pooled population werefound to be 21.72, 21.55 and 21.67 per cent, respec-tively. Percentage of dry animals in Group B is foundto be higher (31.5%) than that in Group A (28.15%)with pooled percentage of dry animals as 29.16 percent.It is seen that young stock constituted abouthalf of the livestock population on the farm. Signifi-cant (P < 0.01) difference was found between themean young stock percentage of the groups (i.e. Aand B). Findings were in agreement with Pandey etal. (1991) who reported 51.1 per cent young stockover total herd strength.Lactational efficiency (LE) showed parallel re-lationship with number of milch animals. The LE foundto be nearly similar in both the herd strength groups.MYHB in group A was higher than in group B, butthis difference was statistically non significant. Theaverage MYHB in the decade was found to be 373.90± 39.32 lit/animal/year while that on wet basis(MYWB) in the decade was found to be 1735.70 ±196.38 lit/animal/year. Average MYWB in group A wasmuch higher than that in the group B. However, thisdifference in milk production between two herdstrength groups was statistically non significant,.Average milk yield at LIF was comparable with thosereported by Rekib et al. (1987) and Siwach et al.(1992) who reported annual milk yield in the order of1300-1500 litres and 1653.3 litres. respectively.In the present study it was assumed that theshare of fixed cost (FC/A) was about 15 per cent ofthe total cost as per Kalra et al. (1995), Shah andSharma (1994) and Sharma and Singh (1994). It isseen in Table 2 that, CF/A was higher in Group Bthan in Group A; however, this difference was statis-tically non significant proportion of feed cost
No. of milch animals per yearTotal No. of milch and dry femaleand made adults animals per year
 
x 100MYHB=Total annual herd milk productionAverage annual herd strength
 
x 100MYWB=Total annual herd milk production
 
x 100Average No. of milch animals peryearAverage annual herd strengthx365
 
Total cost of milk production/yearCost of Milk Production in relation to herd strength
078
LE %=TC/A-Herd(per day)=
of 00

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