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Veterinary World, Vol.1, No.3, March 2008
Medical diagnostic technology has made rapidstrides after the advent of computer. Many of theadvances in human diagnostic medicines aretranslated into veterinary medicine in the developedcountries. In brief, newer branches like Imaging,Radiodiagnosis, Telemedicine, Telesonography andTeleradiology have emerged. Broadly, theinstrumentation /devices devised with the moderntechnology in the present digital age are listed below.
1.I.I.T.V.2.Ultrasonography (USG)3.Computed Tomography (CT)4.Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)5.Bone Scintigraphy6.Digital Substraction Angiography (DSA)7.Laparoscopy-Thoracoscope,Theloresectosc-ope, Rhinoscope, Otoscope etc8.Endoscopy9.Pulse Oximetry
All these imaging modalities have brought seachange in the diagnosis of a clinical case. Preciseand an instant diagnosis of an intricate case can bemade with their usage. The modalities which can beused under Indian conditions are:
1)Image Intensifier T.V. system
:
Generallyused in orthopaedic surgery. This facilitates fracturerepair using a small incision thus achieving minimalinvasive surgical manoeuvre. IITV helps in X-rayimaging of the intraoperative site for the intraoperativeorthopaedic manipulations, and the same can bestored for future reference purpose. This facilitatesintroduction of Steinman pin giving a small incision.
2)Ultrasound:
In small animal and equinepractice, ultrasound is routinely used as a diagnosticaid. Applications of ultrasound in ruminants have notbeen fully exploited, except in pregnancy. There couldbe numerous organs which can be scanned usingan ultrasound scanner. Ultrasonography seems tohave a promising future in veterinary medicine,particularly for the assessment of intra-periabdominaldisease. Ultrasonography is viewed as the singlemost versatile addition to the noninvasive and
C
urrent Diagnostic Techniques in Veterinary Surgery
Roon Mathai, R. H. Bhatt, Shivraj Jhala, N. H. Kelawala,D. B. Patil and P. V. ParikhDepartment of Surgery & Radiology,Veterinary College, AAU, Anand - 388001
nonsurgical armamentarium of the veterinary cliniciansince the advent of fibreoptic endoscope. Althoughother sophisticated imaging modalities like CT andnuclear imaging can provide additional information,the accessibility and cost effectiveness of theseprocedures do not make these as promising asultrasonography.
3)Computed tomography:
 
CT has been anextremely significant development which has a uniquecross sectional imaging ability useful for the diagnosisof tumors, malformations, inflammation, degenerativeand vascular diseases and trauma. CT is a diagnosticmodality that is fundamentally different from X-raymethod in which an organ is scanned in successivelayers by a narrow beam of X-rays in such a way thatthe transmission of X-ray photons across a particularlayer can be measured and by means of a computer,used to construct a picture of the internal structure.
4)MRI:
 
MRI is a highly sensitive
 
and noninvasivetechnique providing accurate and
 
detailed anatomicimages with good contrast and spatial resolution.However, in veterinary medicine MRI is still in itsinfancy and its use is infrequent. To date, MRI hasbeen used in developed countries in clinical casesas well as a research tool especially for CNS diseasesin small animals. MRI has a wide spectrum ofapplication. It can be used for imaging all body regionsin small animals, but only the extremities and the headcan be imagined in large animals. It is useful inanswering many questions related to themusculoskeletal diseases in animals such asunderstanding the pathogenesis of navicular disease,traumatic arthritis and osteochondrosis in equinesand wobbler syndrome in dogs. The newerapplications of MRI are Magnetic resonanceangiography and MR spectroscopy. It is especiallyused to differentiate an inflammatory process from aneoplastic mass, tumors from peritumoral oedema.It is more specific and sensitive in detecting localizingand differentiating osteomyelitis, cellulites and
REVIEW
Veterinary World, Vol.1(3): 90-91090
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