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Math 135 Business Calculus Spring 2009Class Notes
1.6 Di
ff 
erentiation Techniques: The Product and Quotient Rules
In Section 1.5, we saw how to di
ff 
erentiate the sum of two functions. This section shows how todi
ff 
erentiate the product or quotient of two functions.
THE PRODUCT RULE
While the derivative of the sum of two functions is the sum of the derivatives, the derivative of aproduct of two functions is not the product of the derivatives. The following is the rule for finding thederivative of a product.
THEOREM 5 The Product Rule
Let
F 
(
x
) =
f 
(
x
)
·
g
(
x
). Then
F 
0
(
x
) =
ddx
£
f 
(
x
)
·
g
(
x
)
§
=
f 
0
(
x
)
·
g
(
x
) +
f 
(
x
)
·
g
0
(
x
)
.
EXAMPLE
Find
ddx
£
(
x
4
−
2
x
3
−
7)(3
x
2
−
5
x
)
§
.
EXAMPLE
Find
ddx
£
(
x
3
−
3
x
2
+
x
)
2
§
.
EXAMPLE
The U.S. gross domestic product, in billions of dollars, can be approximated using thefunction
P 
(
t
) = 567 +
t
(36
t
0
.
6
−
104)where
t
is the number of years since 1960.
a)
Find the (instantaneous) rate of change
P 
0
(
t
).
b)
Find and interpret
P 
0
(45).
23
 
24
Chapter 1
Di 
ff  
erentiation
THE QUOTIENT RULE
Just as the derivative of a product of two functions is not the product of the derivatives, the derivativeof a quotient of two functions is not the quotient of the derivatives. The rule for di
ff 
erentiating quotientsis as follows.
THEOREM 6 The Quotient Rule
Let
Q
(
x
) =
N 
(
x
)
D
(
x
). Then
Q
0
(
x
) =
ddx
∑
N 
(
x
)
D
(
x
)
∏
=
N 
0
(
x
)
·
D
(
x
)
−
N 
(
x
)
·
D
0
(
x
)
£
D
(
x
)
§
2
.
EXAMPLE
Di
ff 
erentiate
f 
(
x
) =1 +
x
2
x
3
a)
By using the Quotient Rule.
b)
By first rewriting the function as a sum of powers.
EXAMPLE
Di
ff 
erentiate
g
(
x
) =
√
x
+ 1
x
2
+ 2.
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