dylan roscoverbiology twofirst hour21 09 2006chapter 231. define + explain1. Population genetics: The study of genetic variations in populations and the importance ofquantitative characteristics.2. Modern synthesis: A comprehensive theory of evolution emphasizing natural selection,gradualism, and populations as the fundament units of evolutionary change. Essentially, newDarwinism.3. Population: A group of individuals of once species that live in an area.4. Gene Pool: A pool consisting of an entire populations alleles and gene loci at a giventime.5. Hardy-Weinberg theorem: An axiom maintaining that the sexual shuffling of genes alonecannot alter the overall genetic make up of a population.6. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: The base number of locus in a HW equation is consideredthe equilibrium. If an equilibrium is not begun with, it can be achieved after one generation.7. Mutations: A change in an organisms DNA.8. Duplication: N/a9. Genetic Drift: changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance.10. Bottleneck effect: Disasters, natural or human, that will cause a massive decline in thesize of a population.11. Founder effect: Genetic drift in a new colony, very often in isolated areas such asislands.11. Gene flow: Notice how I have two elevens? Neat. Anyway, the method by which apopulation gains or loses alleles.12. Phenotypic Polymorphism: The coexistence of two or more distinct forms of individualsin the same population.13. Genetic polymorphism: …The book does not distinguish this from phenotypic.14. Average heterozygosity: N/a15. Geographic Variation: difference in genetic structure between populations.16. cline: A graded change in some trait along a geographic axis. It may represent agraded region of overlap where individuals of neighboring populations are interbreeding.17. fitness: The measure that is critical to selection is the relative contribution anindividual makes to the greater gene pool of the next generation / species.18. relative fitness: The contribution of a genotype to the next generation compared to thecontributions of alternatives genotypes for the same locus.19. directional selection: Most common during periods of environmental change or whenmembers of a population migrate to some new habitat with different environmental conditions. Itshifts the frequency curve for variations in some phenotypic character in one direction or theother by favoring what are initially relatively rare individuals that deviate from the average for thatcharacter.20. disruptive selection:21. stabilizing selection: Acts against extreme phenotypes and favors the more commonintermediate variants.22. balancing selection: N/a :P
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