Feedback and Oscillator

Two types :
1. Positive feedback, drives into oscillation. 2. Negative feedback, reduces overall gain but a number of improvements are obtained. Improvements due to negative feedback : 1. Higher input impedance 2. Better stabilized voltage gain 3. Improved frequency response

4. Lower output impedance

5. Reduced noise
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6. More linear operation

Feedback amplifier

Vs

+ Vi _ Vf

V0

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Voltage series feedback Voltage shunt feedback Current series feedback

Feedback connection type

Current shunt feedback + Vi _ + V0 _

+ Vs _ + _

RL

Voltage series feedback

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Voltage Shunt feedback

+ Is _ Ii + V0 _

RL

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Current series feedback

+ Vs _ + _ + Vi _

RL

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Current Shunt feedback

+ Is _ RL

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Gain without and with feedback

Voltage series A Voltage Shunt Current series Current shunt

Af

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Gain : Voltage series feedback

+ Vs _ +
_

+ Vi _

+ V0 _

RL

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Gain : Voltage shunt feedback

+ V0 _

RL

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+ Vs _
Input Impedance: Voltage series feedback

Ii

+ Vi _

Zi

AVi

Z0

+ V0 _

RL

Input impedance is increased + due toZ voltage series feedback Z _

if

of

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Input Impedance: Voltage shunt feedback

Ii + Vi _

Zi

AIi

Z0

+ V0 _

RL

Z Input impedance is reduced due to Voltage shunt feedback

if

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Output Impedance: Voltage series feedback

+ Vs _

Ii

+ Vi _

Zi

AVi

Z0

+ V0 _

RL

+
Zif _ Zof

Output impedance is reduced due to Voltage series feedback

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Input and Output Impedances without and with feedback

Voltage series Voltage shunt Current series Current shunt

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Example

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Practical Feedback Circuit

If BA>>1,
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Example : Practical feedback amplifier

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Feedback amplifier : More stabilized operation

Vs

Vi
-

V0

Vf

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IC ICQ

Feedback amplifier : More Linear operation

Q point

IB = 5mA

IB = 4mA
IB = 3mA

IB = 2mA
IB = 1mA VCE VCQ

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Effect of Increased Input Impedance

+ Vs _

RS

+ Vi _

Zif

Z0f

AfVi

+ V0 _

RL

Given, VS =15mV, RS = 500R, Rload= 100R. Zif = 1K, Zof = 100R, Af =10 Find (i) Vo (ii) Power consumed by RL.

Repeat the problem if Zif = 10K

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Effect of Reduced Output Impedance

+ Vs _

RS

+ Vi _

Zif

Z0f

AfVi

+ V0 _

RL

Given, VS =15mV, RS = 500R, Rload= 100R. Zif = 1K, Zof = 100R, Af =10 Find (i) Vo (ii) Power consumed by RL.

Repeat the problem if Zof = 10R

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