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Greek Name Transliteration Latin Spelling Translation

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Ονοκενταυρος Onokentauros Onocentaurus Donkey-Centaur,
pub-3887923691 Ονοκενταυροι Onokentauroi Onocentauri Chimpanzee

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Onocentaur, Der Naturen Bloeme manuscript

c. 1350, National Library of the Netherlands

THE ONOKENTAUROS (or Onocentaur) was an African animal with the hybrid
form of a man and an ass.
The Greeks and Romans later applied the name to a type of ape, possibly the
chimpanzee.

Aelian, On Animals 17. 9 (trans. Scholfield) (Greek natural history C2nd A.D.) :
“There is a certain creature which they call an Onokentaura (Donkey-Centaur),
and anybody who has seen one would never have doubted that the race of
Kentauroi once existed . . . But this creature of which my discourse set out to
speak, I have heard described as follows. Its face is like that of a man and is
surrounded by thick hair. Its neck below its face, and its chest are also those of a
man, but its teats are swelling and stand out on the breast; its shoulders, arms,
and forearms, its hands too, and chest down to the waist are also those of a
man. But its spine, ribs, belly and hind legs closely resemble those of an ass;
likewise its colour is ashen, although beneath the flanks it inclines to white. The
hands of this creature serve a double purpose, for when speed is necessary they
run in front of the hind legs, and it can move quite as fast as other quadrapeds.
Again, if it needs to pluck something, or to put it down, or to seize and hold it
tight, what were feet become hands; it no longer walks but sits down. The
creature has a violent temper. At any rate if captured it will not endure servitude
and in its yearning for freedom declines all food and dies of starvation. This also
is the account given by Pythagoras and attested by Krates of Pergamon in
Mysia."

Sources:
○ Aelian, On Animals - Greek Natural History C2nd - C3rd A.D.

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