Interpreting an arterial blood gasresult
Condition Primary DisturbanceCompensatory FactorMetabolicAcidosisDecreasedHCO3Decreased PaCO2MetabolicAlkalosisIncreasedHCO3Increased PaCO2RespiratoryAcidosisIncreased PaCO2Increased HCO3RespiratoryAlkalosisDecreased PaCO2Decreased HCO3
Acid-Base Balance
A pH of 7.0 is neutral.
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Blood is normally slightly basic with a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45
Below < 7.35 the blood is considered acidic
*Changes in body system functions that occur in anacidic state include a decrease in the force of cardiaccontractions, a decrease in the vascular response tocatecholamines, and a diminished response to theeffects and actions of certain medications.
Above > 7.45 the blood is considered alkaline
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*An alkalotic state interferes with tissue oxygenationand normal neurological and muscular functioning.
Significant changes in the blood pH above 7.8 or below 6.8 will interfere with cellular functioning.
Assessing Oxygenation
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Pa02 between 80-100 mmHg is normal
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Pa02 <60 mmHg, hypoxic state exists
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Pa02>100 mmHg, hyperoxic state exists.
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The normal arterial oxygen saturation range is94% to 100%.
Assess ing Ventilatory status
.
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PaCO2 of 35-45 is normal
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PaCO2<35 mmHg causes "alkalosis" (alveolarhyperventilation or hypocarbia)
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PaCO2>45 mmHg, is termed "acidosis"(ventilatory failure or hypercarbia)
Assess ing metabolic component
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Bicarbonate between 22-28 mEq/l is within normallimits.
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Bicarbonate (HCO3-) <22 mEq/l is termed"acidosis".
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Bicarbonate is >28 mEq/l it is termed "alkalosis".
Assessing pH
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory acidosis is caused by the build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood that results from poorlung function or slow breathing (respiratory acidosis).
Causes:
• Central nervous system depression related to headinjury or to medications such as narcotics,sedatives, or anesthesia• Impaired respiratory muscle function related tospinal cord injury, neuromuscular diseases, orneuromuscular blocking drugs• Pulmonary disorders such as atelectasis,pneumonia, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, orbronchial obstruction• Massive pulmonary embolus
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Interpreting ABG's
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| Upload Date: | 03/12/2009 |
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