Instructional Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students should have the knowledge of:
•
Stresses in thick cylinders.
•
Lame’s equation for radial and circumferential stresses.
•
Distribution of radial and circumferential stresses for different boundary conditions.
•
Methods of increasing elastic strength of thick cylinders by prestressing.
9.2.1 Stresses in thick cylinders
For thick cylinders such as guns, pipes to hydraulic presses, high pressurehydraulic pipes the wall thickness is relatively large and the stress variation across thethickness is also significant. In this situation the approach made in the previous section isnot suitable. The problem may be solved by considering an axisymmetry about z-axis andsolving the differential equations of stress equilibrium in polar co-ordinates. In generalthe stress equations of equilibrium without body forces can be given as
rr rrzrzr zzrzzr
10rrzr 120rrzr 10rrzr
θ θθ θ θ θθ
∂τ σ −σ∂σ ∂τ+ + +∂ ∂θ ∂∂τ ∂τ ∂τ τ+ + + =∂ ∂θ ∂∂τ∂τ ∂σ τ+ + + =∂ ∂θ ∂=
(1)For axisymmetry about z-axis 0
∂=∂θ
and this gives
r rrzrzr zrzzr
0rzr 20rzr 0rzr
θθ θ θ
σ −σ∂σ ∂τ+ + =∂ ∂∂τ ∂τ τ+ + =∂ ∂∂τ ∂σ τ+ + =∂ ∂
(2)In a plane stress situation if the cylinder ends are free to expand
σ
z
= 0 and due touniform radial deformation and symmetry
τ
rz
=
τ
θ
z
=
τ
r
θ
= 0. The equation of equilibriumreduces to
Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
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