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Getting geographical Information using an IP Address
_______________________________________________________________________ _______ Getting geographical Information using an IP Address By Ankit Fadia ankit@bol.net.in _______________________________________________________________________ _______ Getting the Internet Protocol or the IP Address of a remote system is said to the mostimportant step in hacking of a system. Sometimes, however we get an IP in order to getmore information on someone or some host. But, how can an IP Address be used to getmore information on the location etc of a system? Well, this manual is aimed atanswering just this question. Actually, the IP address (Actually the entire TCP/IP Protocol) is structured or designedsuch that one cannot tell as to in which country a system having the given IP is situated, by simply looking at it. An IP Address has no fields, which tell you the country in whichthe computer using it resides in. So, all myths like ‘The Second or the third field of an IPstands for the country in which the system using it resides’ are definitely false and untrue. However, yes sometimes one can guess or deduce as to in which country and even inwhich city the system using an IP resides in, by simply looking at the first three fields of the IP. Let us take an example to understand what I mean to say by this. Now, before Imove on the example, let us understand how exactly IP Addresses are awarded to you. Firstly, your ISP registers at the central authority and gets a particular range of IPaddresses between which the various customers (people who dial into their servers) can be awarded IP addresses. Most ISP’s are given a Class C network Address. A class C Network address contains a 24-bit Network Prefix (the first three fields) and an 8-bit Hostnumber (the last field). It is referred to as "24's" and is commonly used by most ISP's. ******************HACKING TRUTH: For the benefit of beginners, I have included below a snippet fromone of my earlier manuals, which explains IP Addresses better: (Even if you are not anewbie, I do suggest you read the below snippet, as it might just be helpful.)
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Getting geographical Information using an IP Address
Like in the real world, everyone has got an individual Home Address or telephonenumber so that, that particular individual can be contacted on that number or address,similarly all computers connected to theInternet are given a unique Internet Protocol or IP address which can be used to contactthat particular computer. In geek language an IP address would be a decimal notation thatdivides the 32- bit Internet addresses (IP) into four 8-bit fields. Does the IP address give me some information or do the numbers stand for anything? Let take the example of the following IP address: 202.144.49.110 Now the first part, thenumbers before the first decimal i.e. 209 is the Network number or the Network Prefix..This means that it identifies the number of the network in which the host is. The second part i.e. 144 is the Host Number that is it identifies the number of the host within the Network. This means that in the same Network, the network number is same. In order to provide flexibility in the size of the Network, here are different classes of IP addresses: Address Class Dotted Decimal Notation RangesClass A ( /8 Prefixes) 1.xxx.xxx.xxx through 126.xxx.xxx.xxxClass B ( /16 Prefixes) 128.0.xxx.xxx through 191.255.xxx.xxxClass C ( /24 Prefixes) 192.0.0.xxx through 223.255.255.xxx The various classes will be clearer after reading the next few lines. Each Class A Network Address contains a 8 bit Network Prefix followed by a 24-bit hostnumber. They are considered to be primitive. They are referred to as "/8''s" or just "8's" asthey have an 8-bit Network prefix.In a Class B Network Address there is a 16 bit Network Prefix followed by a 16-bit Hostnumber. It is referred to as "16's".
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Getting geographical Information using an IP Address
A class C Network address contains a 24-bit Network Prefix and a 8 bit Host number. It isreferred to as"24's" and is commonly used by most ISP's. Due to the growing size of the Internet the Network Administrators faced many problems.The Internet routing tables were beginning to grow and now the administrators had torequest another network number from the Internet before a new network could beinstalled at their site. This is where sub-netting came in. Now if your ISP is a big one and if it provides you with dynamic IP addresses then youwill most probably see that whenever you log on to the net, your IP address will have thesame first 24 bits and only the last 8 bits will keep changing. This is due to the fact thatwhen sub-netting comes in then the IP Addresses structure becomes: xxx.xxx.zzz.yyy where the first 2 parts are Network Prefix numbers and the zzz is the Subnet number andthe yyy is the host number. So you are always connected to the same Subnet within thesame Network. As a result the first 3 parts will remain the same and only the last part i.e.yyy is variable.*********************** For Example, if say an ISP xyz is given the IP: 203.98.12.xx Network address then youcan be awarded any IP, whose first three fields are 203.98.12. Get it?So, basically this means that each ISP has a particular range in which to allocate all itssubscribers. Or in other words, all subscribers or all people connected to the internetusing the same ISP, will have to be in this range. This in effect would mean that all
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Getting Geographical Information Using an IP Address
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| Upload Date: | 03/13/2009 |
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