Prof. Vinay Pandit

CPM and PERTA

project is defined as a combination of inter related activities that must be executed in acertain order before the entire task can be completed. The activities are inter related in alogical sequence in the way that some activities cannot start until other are competed. Anactivity in a project is usually viewed as a job requiring time and recourses for itscompetition.Project management has evolved as a new field with the development of two analytictechniques for planning scheduling and controlling of projects. These are the critical pathmethod (CPM) and the project evaluation and review technique (PERT).PERT and CPM are basically time anointed methods in the sense that they both lead todetermination of a time schedule. Both techniques are usually referred as “Projectscheduling” techniques.Project scheduling by PERT-CPM consist of three phases.

Planning

Scheduling

Controlling

PLANNING: The planning phase is /*** by breaking down the project into distinctActivities. The time extras for the another are then determined and a network (Or arrow) diagram is constructed with each of in ARCS (arrows) re-presenting of theinterdependencies between the activities of the project. The construction of the arrowdiagram in a planning phase has the advantage of studying the different jobs in details.Perhaps suggesting improvement before the project is actually executed.

SCHEDULING: The ultimate objective of the scheduling phase is to construct a timeChart showing the start and finish times for each activity as well as its relationship toOther activities in the project. In addition, the schedule must pin-point the criticalActivities which require special attention if the project is to be completed on time. ForThe non-critical activities the schedule must show the amount of slack or float timeWhich can be used.

O R -MMS

Prof. Vinay Pandit

ACTIVITY: The head of the arrow indicated where task ends and the tail where task Ends and the tail where the task begin.EVENTS: An event represent a point in time that signifies the completion of someActivities and the beginning of new ones. E.g. wall built, foundations dug etc.DUMMY ACTIVITIES: It is an activity which does not consume time or resources.NETWORKS: This is the combination of activities, dummy activities and events.CRITICAL PATH: It gives shortest time in which the whole project can be competed.

The construction of a building or a highway.2.Planning and launching a new project.3.Installing and debugging a computer system. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CPM & PERT1. CPM is activity oriented i.e. CPM network is built on the basis of activities. Also resultOf carious calculation are considered in terms of activities of the project. On the otherhand, PERT is event oriented. 2. CPM is a deterministic model i.e. it dose not take into account the uncertaintiesInvolved in the estimation of time for execution of a job or an activity. It completelyIgnores the probabilistic element of the problem. PERT however is a probabilisticModel. It uses three estimates of the activity time- optimistic, pessimistic and mostLikely with a view to take into account time uncertainty. This the expected duration of Each activity is probabilistic indicates that there is fifty percent probability of gettingThe job done within the time.

CPM place dual emphasis on time and cost and evaluate the trade off between projectCost and project time. By deploying allows the project manager to manipulate projectduration within certain limits so that project duration can be shortened to an optimalcost. On the other hand : PERT is primanly concerned with time. It helps the managerto schedule and co-ordinate various activities so that the project can be completed onschedule time.FLOAT: Float is the flexibility available in any activity which can be absorbed eitherby delaying that activity or by enlarging its duration.

O R -MMS