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Indian Management Thoughts and Practices
Module 2: Learning Nature, Nature Synthesis, Work Motivation, Work Ethics, Productivity.
Concept Questions:
1. Indian Approach to Motivation:
In Indian philosophy motivation is not something external. It is rather internal. Infact GITA is astory of motivation. Arjuna was motivated from the very beginning but he lost his motivation dueto some obstacles, hurdles and confusion in his mind. All that was required was to remove theseobstacles only. Thus removing obstacles during the performance of job is motivation in Indian philosophy.Every soul is divine, having immense potentialities. Management has to bring out that potential by removing obstacles and hurdles which restrict from performing. Such motivation involves theinner beauty and does not promote any greed in an individual to have more and more in return of his work- as work itself is viewed in a unique way in Indian philosophy. Work is here consideredas an exercise of energy. A living being has no alternative but to be working- physically or mentally. A non working body is a dead body. A man has to work to realize that divinity isresiding in him. Thus attitude towards work is quite different. An Indian does not work for alivelihood only, but he considers it as his duty( Sadhana), as Indian philosophy teaches that everywork you perform can only be an offering to that divine soul in you.Lord Krishna motivated Arjuna successfully by this technique. In the beginning Arjuna said that“I will not fight” and at the end he said “ I will do, what you say”. Arjuna was not offered any position etc. for this but all the obstacles had been removed. He was motivated right from the beginning, he only required some of his doubts cleared. In fact the Gita shows the five clear stages of motivation. They are as follows:1.
 Patient listening 
– when Lord Krishna did not interrupt Arjuna and listened patiently,where Arjuna puts his problems from 29 to 47 stanzas in the first chapter of Gita.2.Putting stress on good points/ strength while removing Arjuna's doubts.1
 
3.Discussing on intellectual level- showing the essence of karma/ duty.4.Showing the action plan to achieve the goal.5.Discussing the consequences of proposed action plan.Thus Bhagwadgita teaches how to motivate the individual within.
2. Indian v/s Western Approach to Motivation:
Thinkers of the Western world define motivation in different ways. Williams G Scot defines it asa process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals. The basic objective of motivation is considered to influence the way in which the work is performed by the employee by changing the attitude towards work, by improving the quality of work, by directing his effortsto desired direction and by helping him in satisfying his desires.Maslow’s, Mc Clelland’s, F. W Taylor’s and all other western theories are of the opinion thatman is a needy animal and he can be motivated by fat salaries, perks etc.
Thus motivation for them is basically external and they use materialistic ways to motivate their employees.
Whereas the Indian philosophy believes that motivation is internal. It considers men as childrenof immortal bliss and full of immense potentialities. Fat salaries, and perks can motivate peopleto some extent but ultimately they can be motivated only when they are recognized and givenrespect as human beings, and helped in developing and manifesting their inner divinity and potentialities.Therefore we can say that the western approach focuses more on materialistic and external benefits whereas the Indian philosophy considers motivation as an internal concept. Man,according to the Indian philosophy can be motivated more based on their ethical values, their  beliefs, their emotions and belief in spirituality.
3. Integrity:
Integrity is the Wholeness, goodness, courage, and self-discipline to live by your inner truth.
Wholeness:
Wholeness implies totality, soundness, perfection and completeness.2
 
Goodness:
Goodness covers all essential values such a honesty morality kindness fairnesscharity truthfulness generosity etc. We need goodness in our thoughts speeches and actions. “Begood Do Good” leads to purification of thoughts, talks and actions associated with goodthoughts.
Courage:
in the world of management courage points out acts of bravery. Courage is telling thetruth even in the face of danger. You have the guts do something, which is risky.
 Self-discipline:
Self-discipline and self-control indicate that the soul is the boss who takescontrol of the mind and directs the mind and senses to move on the journey to reach the goal toreach to the master.When the individual consciousness wakes up we have self-discipline and self-control to dealwith life. The quality of life then is different. The quality of life will then give you greater harmony, happiness and moderation. We need discipline and courage to reach to our objectives intime.
4. Ethics :
It is the study of morals, what is right or wrong, virtuous or vicious, and beneficial or harmful tous. They are the right and healthy values which you preserve in yourself. Ethics is “human moralconduct according to principles of what is good or right to do.” Some of the ethical values arefearlessness, empathy, modesty, humility, spirit of sacrifice for the sake of common good controlon mind and restraint on senses and passions, cheerfulness and vigor.
5. Learning:
Learning is a change of behaviour that takes place through practice or experience. It is relatively permanent. It is associated with accumulation of information, knowledge and its applicationregulating in wisdom. The outside temperature is 5
o
C – this is just a piece of information. But if one is knowledgeable enough, he would know that one should not go outside in this weather. Butexperience will also tell you that you can go outside provided you are aptly clothed with warmclothes or else you would die of cold. This is what learning is, it is associated with experience. Anaughty child in spite of repeated warnings from his mother, touches the electric socket, gets theshock, feels the pain and in the process learns a lesson. Hence, learning is associated with3
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