HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
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ABSTRACT OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONAuthor Pirjo HeineName of the dissertationVoltage sags in power distribution networksDate of manuscript September 2005 Date of the dissertation 25.11.2005Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles)Department Department of Electrical and Communications EngineeringLaboratory Power Systems and High Voltage EngineeringField of research Power SystemsOpponents Professor Dr. Herwig Renner & Dr. Anssi SeppäläSupervisor Professor Matti Lehtonen
AbstractVoltage sags have become increasingly important when considering the various power quality issues thatcause inconvenience to customers. For some customers voltage sags cause especially high costs. Thus,power distribution companies should understand the voltage sags experienced in their networks and theiroptions in terms of decreasing the influence of voltage sags. In this thesis, voltage sag mitigation includesthe use of conventional means and regular power system components.This thesis introduces an extended method of fault positions to calculate the voltage sag distributionexperienced in power distribution networks. The method uses only input data that is typically availableand the basic fault calculations already in use in power distribution companies. The thesis also presentscalculated and measured voltage sag distributions from Finnish power distribution networks. In addition,the thesis shows how various, specific power system characteristics affect the sag distribution. Sag-sensitive customers should be supplied by their own main transformers and the local distribution network kept as limited as possible. For overhead line networks, power distribution transformers should beprotected against overvoltages using surge arresters instead of spark gaps. Underground cables aresuperior to overhead line networks, but mixed networks having both underground cables and overheadlines in the same distribution network should be avoided. Surprisingly, the increased level of distributionautomation often gives rise to the most severe voltage sags. Since basic decisions in the development of power distribution networks may have a positive as well as negative influence on voltage sagcharacteristics, more awareness of these effects is needed.In this thesis, the main focus has been voltage sags. However, voltage sags represent only one powerquality issue to be taken into account in the planning and operation of power distribution networks. Thus,voltage sag analysis should not be a separate part of power distribution planning but should be included asone, important element in a comprehensive power system analysis. The economic calculations presentedin this thesis showing the especially high costs caused by voltage sags strengthen this claim.
Keywords voltage sag, power distribution, power qualityISBN 951-22-7885-5 ISSN 1795-2239ISBN 951-22-7886-3 (pdf) ISSN 1795-4584 (pdf)ISBN others Number of aes xvi + 120 .Publisher Helsinki University of Technology, Power Systems and High Voltage EngineeringPrint distribution Power Systems and Hih Voltae EnineerinThe dissertation can be read at http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/isbn9512278863
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