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G'zerah Gezerah Shavah, Second Rule of Hillel, Hillel, Paul, Remez,...http://www.haderek.ca/articles/way/gzerahshavah2.htm1 of 1314/03/2009 3:00 PM
The
G'zerah Shavah
(Part II)
InPart I, we began a two-part series on the “Second Rule of Hillel,” therabbinic interpretative principle known as the
g’zerah shavah 
. We explainedthat the
shaliach 
[apostle] Sha’ul was educated in the rabbinic School ofHillel and was taught directly by Gamaliel, the grandson of the famousTalmudic rabbi Hillel. As such, he was well versed in the oral traditionshanded down by the sages, particularly with respect to the proper methodsfor correctly interpreting Scripture. There is little doubt that he had theserules in mind when he wrote to his talmid [student] Timothy, “Study to shewthyself approved unto Elohim, a workman [labourer] that needeth not to beashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth” (2 Timothy 2:15). In other words,there are right ways to approach or study the words of Scripture. Clearly, ifthere are right ways, there must be wrong ways; and we need to learn thedifference between the two.In review, what is a
g’zerah shavah 
? A
g’zerah shavah 
is a word associationwherein similar words from different verses are associated with each otherin order to draw a conclusion by analogy. When we do this correctly, themeaning and related context from one verse is imported into the otherverse. In the previous article, we looked at two examples of how one woulduse the
g’zerah shavah 
to rightly divide the word of truth. The first exampledemonstrated how the
g’zerah shavah 
can be used to show us thatShemu’el ha-Navi [Samuel the prophet] and Yochanan ha-Matbil [John theBaptist] were both Nazarites, even though the Scriptures do not directly callthem that. In the second example, we showed how the
g’zerah shavah 
helpsus to understand the important symbolism in placing tsitsit on the fourcorners of our garments.In Part II, we will continue our investigation by showing how the
sh’lichim 
[apostles] Kefa [Peter] and Sha’ul [Paul] utilized the
g’zerah shavah 
toillustrate important points about Moshiach.
The Three Stones
What do Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 8:14, 28:16, and Tehillim/Psalms 118:22 havein common? Let us read them to see what we can see.“And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for arock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snareto the inhabitants of Yerushalayim” (Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 8:14).“Therefore thus saith Adonai YHVH, Behold, I lay in Zion for afoundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a surefoundation: he that believeth shall not make haste”(Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 28:16).“The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone ofthe corner” (Tehillim/Psalms 118:22).Clearly, each of these verses mentions a stone—in the first, a stumbling
 
G'zerah Gezerah Shavah, Second Rule of Hillel, Hillel, Paul, Remez,...http://www.haderek.ca/articles/way/gzerahshavah2.htm2 of 1314/03/2009 3:00 PM
stone; in the second, a foundation stone; and in the third, a rejected stone.But, other than that, what do these three verses have to do with each other?
The Stumbling Stone
We begin with Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 8:14.“And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for arock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snareto the inhabitants of Yerushalayim.”In order to understand this verse, we must understand the context.Yesha’yahu was relaying a prophetic word from YHVH to King Achaz [Ahaz]of Yehudah [Judah]. Achaz was under threat of attack from an alliance ofwestern nations that surrounded him. Among them were Israel and Syria,both to the north of Yehudah. Why did they want to attack him? They werevery concerned about the growing threat from the Assyrian Empire to thenortheast. They believed that if they did not join together and fight as aunified force, there was little hope they would ever be able to withstand theimpending juggernaut from the Assyrians. That is why they wanted KingAchaz to join the alliance. They felt that if they had a larger army, they wouldhave a greater chance of victory. However, under Yesha’yahu’s directionand counsel, Achaz refused to join the alliance. As a result, King Pekah ofIsrael and King Rezin of Syria decided to come against him with force. If herefused to join the alliance, they would try to depose and replace him(Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 7:1-2, 5-6).It is in this context that the prophetic word came to Yesha’yahu. Hismessage was one of comfort and assurance to King Achaz. “Sanctify YHVHTseva’ot [of Hosts] himself; and let him be your fear, and let him be yourdread. And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and fora rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare tothe inhabitants of Jerusalem. And many among them shall stumble, and fall,and be broken, and be snared, and be taken” (Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 8:13-15).What is the
p’shat 
[1]all about? The plain, literal meaning of these verses isquite clear. Yesha’yahu was encouraging Achaz to trust in YHVH to defendand protect Yerushalayim. He wanted Achaz to make YHVH his sanctuaryand not to put his trust in the combined military might of the westernalliance. In a sense, Yesha’yahu expressed the same sentiments as David.“Some trust in chariots, and some in horses: but we will remember the nameof YHVH our Elohim” (Tehillim/Psalms 20:7). Again, as it says in the Book ofProverbs, “The name of YHVH is a strong tower: the righteous runneth intoit, and is safe” (Mishlei/Proverbs 18:10).However, trusting in YHVH would come with a price. As Yesha’yahuindicated, many people would think that Achaz had gone mad. This is whyYesha’yahu referred to YHVH as a “stone of stumbling” and a “rock ofoffence.”Now, what do these verses in Yesha’yahu 8 have to do with proving thatYeshua is Moshiach? Practically nothing—at least not at the
p’shat 
level.
The Tried Stone
We now turn to the second verse, Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 28:16.“Therefore thus saith Adonai YHVH, Behold, I lay in Zion for afoundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a surefoundation: he that believeth shall not make haste.”
 
G'zerah Gezerah Shavah, Second Rule of Hillel, Hillel, Paul, Remez,...http://www.haderek.ca/articles/way/gzerahshavah2.htmof 1314/03/2009 3:00 PM
Here again, the context has to do with the impending invasion by theAssyrians. Knowing that YHVH had measured the House of Yisrael andfound her fit for judgment, Yesha’yahu wanted Yehudah to understand thatshe should seriously consider her brother’s impending calamity lest she alsobe judged. “Wherefore hear the word of YHVH, ye scornful men, that rulethis people which is in Yerushalayim. Because ye have said, We have madea covenant with death, and with the grave are we at agreement; when theoverflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for wehave made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves:Therefore thus saith Adonai YHVH, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation astone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he thatbelieveth shall not make haste. Judgment also will I lay to the line, andrighteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge oflies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place. And your covenant withdeath shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand;when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be troddendown by it” (Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 28:14-18).Contrary to their hopeful expectations, the leaders of Yehudah wouldwitness terrible national suffering as a result of the Assyrian invasion. Theiralliances would provide them with no real benefit at all. After the Assyrianshad completely destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel, a later Assyrianarmy under King Sennacherib took control of all of the walled cities ofYehudah with the exception of Yerushalayim (Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 36:1-2).This took place in the days of Chizkiyyahu [Hezekiah], the son of Achaz. Inthe end, due to the steadfastness of Chizkiyyahu and the encouragement ofYesha’yahu, YHVH spared the city of Yerushalayim along with the dynastyof King David. In the end, a messenger of YHVH destroyed Sennacherib’sarmy that had camped outside the walls of Yerushalayim. In a single night,one hundred and eighty-five thousand soldiers perished (Yesha’yahu/Isaiah37:36).Understanding the historical situation a little better, we can now ask apertinent question. What or who was the “stone, a tried stone, a preciouscorner stone, a sure foundation” (Yesha’yahu/Isaiah 28:16) that YHVHplaced in Zion? Without jumping ahead of ourselves, the immediate contextindicates that the stone was none other than the righteous king Chizkiyyahuof Yehudah. Perhaps more generally, we might understand the stone asYHVH’s promise to David that he would always have a man to sit upon histhrone (Melakhim Aleph/1 Kings 8:25 and Yirmeyahu/Jeremiah 33:17). Thatpromise is a sure foundation. It is a firm and lasting stone of confidenceupon which the righteous may lay hold and not stumble.
The Rejected Stone
We now come to the third verse, the one from Tehillim/Psalms 118:22.“The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone ofthe corner.”What stone that the builders refused became the head stone of the corner?To answer that question, we must understand the story of Tehillim/Psalm118.Tehillim 118 is a psalm of national thanksgiving as it describes a joyfulprocession of Israelites to present thanksgiving offerings to YHVH at therebuilt Temple in Yerushalayim during Chag ha-Sukkot [the Feast ofTabernacles]. Historically, there was much opposition from the surroundingnon-Israelite nations to the rebuilding of the Temple during the days of Ezraand Nechemyah [Nehemiah]. Not only is this opposition openly stated in the
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