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SOFTWARE
Digital Ship August 2008 page 16 
 D D
igital Ship
recently held the firstever conference about Shipdex, anew data exchange protocol forship equipment information, which aimsto lead to the end of paper manuals onships. Shipdex stands for SHIP DataEXchange.The protocol covers all technical infor-mation which is normally supplied to ves-sels on paper, including equipment manu-als, drawings, maintenance procedures,and lists of spare parts.Shipdex arose out of the frustrationwhich two leading shipping companies,Grimaldi Naples and IntershipNavigation, were having with paper man-uals, and their decision to do somethingabout it."We get 1.5 tons of paper with a newvessel, including technical manuals, draw-ings and specifications," said Grimaldi'spurchasing director Giancarlo Coletta. "Itis very hard to accept that, when EDI andcommunication is state of the art, the ship-ping industry should have this hugeamount of paper."By having all of the data for a new ves-sel provided electronically, Mr Colettaestimates that he might be able to save asmuch as 8 per cent on the total costs ofmaintenance, because it will be much eas-ier to manage efficiently."All the information you need, you canpick up from your database exactly. We canhave access immediately to the informationand supply faster answers," he said."With so much paper onboard, it's veryhard to have rapid and quick access toinformation when it's needed. Sometimestechnical manuals are a photocopy of anold manual they got somewhere, and notreally consistent with the equipment theyare delivering.""One vessel has 80 to 100 differentequipment manufacturers, with 700 to 900components, up to 1000 parts per compo-nent, and 33,000 different general stores."With data provided in Shipdex format,seafarers will be able to get much fasteranswers to critical questions. "People ask -we have 25 tonnes of cargo. Can we loadthis on the vessel? Instead of searchingthrough your manuals, you can answerimmediately. It will be a great advantagein my opinion," said Mr Coletta.As well as its planned maintenance sys-tems, Grimaldi anticipates using Shipdexdata in its quality management systems,technical library and computer basedtraining systems.There are plenty more benefits.By receiving all the electronic data inShipdex format, you can also reduce theenormous cost associated with manuallybuilding an electronic maintenance sys-tem for a new vessel - currently as much as$20,000 per ship.You can manage your spare parts muchbetter - so you are more likely to have thespare parts onboard which you need, andnot have spare parts onboard you don'tneed - and small percentage improve-ments in spare parts management can leadto big financial savings.You can also keep your technical dataup to date easier - if a supplier sends outan update to a manual, it can be automati-cally incorporated in the shipboard elec-tronic manual - no posting out pieces ofpaper and wondering if they made it tothe right ship.In future, Shipdex could do many won-derful things - for example, to pass oninformation to shipyards about whatequipment is onboard the ship, and storethis data in a standard format, as will berequired under IMO's forthcoming shiprecycling legislation.It could be used to communicate datawith regulators, surveyors and suppliers,about exactly what is on the ship, and anyproblems with the equipment.All of these things, of course, have thepotential to improve safety - if it is easier tomanage maintenance on the vessel, andship staff can find the right answers to theirquestions much faster than they can withpaper, the whole ship should operate better.So will Shipdex be embraced by themaritime industry?Till Braun, head of department - salesprojects, Germanischer Lloyd, and chair ofthe conference, noted that there were rep-resentatives of major shipping companies,including BP Shipping and Maersk, pres-ent at the conference, "with their eyeswide open."MacGREGOR, one of the world'slargest suppliers of hatch covers, cranes,and equipment for RoRo ships and ports,has already decided to wholeheartedlycommit to providing technical informa-tion in Shipdex format. It will also useShipdex to manage the data about its man-uals internally, so it can easily makeupdates and make sure new equipment isprovided with the right manual, even if itis in paper format.Alfa Laval is another company embrac-ing Shipdex, starting by making its manu-als for separators available in Shipdex for-mat, and then its manuals for freshwatersystems. MAN Diesel is also part of theworking group.Grimaldi Naples and IntershipNavigation currently have 90 new vesselson order between them, and will use theirpurchasing leverage, as far as possible, totry to cajole their suppliers and shipyards toprovide the manuals electronically.One delegate from BP Shipping saidthat he would consider trying to getOCIMF (the Oil Companies InternationalMarine Forum) involved in Shipdex, usingthe purchasing clout of oil companies toencourage tanker companies to encourageshipyards and equipment suppliers toprovide equipment manuals in Shipdex,because it can potentially lead toimproved safety.Maritime charts are currently making aslow, but unstoppable, move from paperto electronic. Won't ship manuals go thesame way?
S1000D - followingaviation
It helps that Shipdex is based on a stan-dard called S1000D, which is used interna-tionally in aviation and defence (includingnaval vessels). All documentation in theaviation and defence industry must bewritten in the same standardised way, soit can be easily imported into differentsoftware systems (though this is a sug-gested rather than mandatory inclusion,and is dependent on contracts).S1000D is sponsored by the AirTransport Association of America (ATA),the Aerospace and Defence Association ofEurope (ASD), and the AerospaceIndustries Association of America (AIA).The document describing the standard ismore than 2600 pages long.By using a standard developed for avi-ation, it means the maritime industry cantake advantage of all of the software andservices already developed for S1000D. Italso means that many maritime equip-ment suppliers are already providingmanuals in S1000D format, if they alsosupply to the defence industry. Shipdexexpects to ultimately be an official part ofthe S1000D organisation.It won't be the first time the maritimeindustry has followed aviation; vessel traf-fic systems, voyage data recorders, auto-matic identification systems, and usingEnglish as a standard language were allfirst done in the aviation industry andsubsequently adopted by shipping.
Convincing the shipyards
But the biggest obstacle to Shipdex isalready clear - convincing the large mer-
Shipdex - providing ship technicalinformation electronically 
 The Shipdex protocol aims to introduce a standard that could revolutionise the way vessel maintenance databasesare constructed, improving safety and slashing costs.
Digital Ship 
brought the founders of the project together for a conference in Hamburg, to explore the future of Shipdex 
Seeing Shipdex as a way to make life easier for shipping companies and suppliers: BjornStenwall, director, sales, marketing and major project unit at MacGREGOR, with MatsOttosson, strategic project manager, parts and service equipment, Alfa LavalYou just need two lines in your contractwith the shipyards to force them to provide the technical information inShipdex format, said Marco Vatteroni,SpecTec ILS manager and Shipdextechnical manager 
 
chant marine shipyards, mainly in SouthKorea and Japan, to provide their techni-cal information in this format.This also means convincing equipmentsuppliers to provide technical informationin Shipdex format.Theoretically, all a shipowner needs todo to have all the technical information inShipdex format is insert a small clause intothe contract, stating that 'alltechnical information shouldbe delivered in accordancewith the Shipdex protocol'.This is what the ItalianNavy did with Italian ship-yard Fincantieri, recallsMarco Vatteroni, SpecTecILS manager and Shipdextechnical manager, who wasworking at Fincantieri at thetime."There were just 2 lines inthe contract, saying that pub-lications should be supplied,generically, in electronic for-mat" recalled Mr Vatteroni."It was at first a nightmarefor us to deal with differentformats. We convinced theItalian Navy to change thecontract and adopt just oneelectronic format based onS1000D at no extra cost."In Fincantieri's case, theItalian Navy got its ownway, and ended up withmore electronic and stan-dardised data than in thepast, Mr Vatteroni said. Butwill a merchant marine ship-ping company have a similaramount of clout over its ship-yards?Naval shipbuilding con-tracts are usually prestigiousand highly valued, so ship-yards go a long way to winthem. Merchant marineshipbuilding is the other endof the extreme; shipyardshave their slots full for years,and actively discourageshipowners from anybespoke requests.Stories abound in theindustry illustrating ship-yards' reluctance to provideanything special for individ-ual customers, such as theshipowner who was asked topay a hundred thousand dol-lars to have a staircase paint-ed in a different colour.And if shipyards don'ttake their manuals very seri-ously, then it is unlikely thata smaller supplier, who onlysells direct to the shipyard(and doesn't even use theequipment), will take themseriously.The small suppliers alsooften operate on low mar-gins, and will be unwilling tomake investments in newsystems for manuals - theywould prefer to keep send-ing out the same documentthey have been making forthe last 20 years.
Safety benefits
When you realise the enormous safetybenefits that could accrue from havingmanuals supplied electronically, youmight expect the International MaritimeOrganisation to make it mandatory.The primary safety benefit will be inships being better maintained - becausethey have better maintenance manage-ment systems, with data directly inputfrom the manufacturer's procedures.A secondary safety benefit is that ifthere is ever any problem, seafarers canfind out what to do about it much fasterfrom an electronic manual, than having tolook for the right page in 1.5 tons of paper."By having the information verywell structured and searchable, you canquickly find the correct information forthe specific equipment," says Eva-LisaMartinsson, manager, TechnicalDocumentations Services, CompetenceCentre Cranes, MacGREGOR, "You canhave the correct safety instructions forparticular equipment. If something hap-pens, it's easy to find the right page in ourmanuals."
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Digital Ship
Digital Ship August 2008 page 17 
 
SOFTWARE
Digital Ship August 2008 page 18 
"If you have a question, how do I fix thepump, it takes 1 minute instead of 10 minsto find the answer," said Kay-MichaelGoertz, head of logistic procedures and ITat HDW - ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems.
Managing spares
If equipment information is supplied inShipdex format, shipowners can also loadthe data about their spare parts automati-cally into their purchasing systems - andwith better data in their purchasing sys-tem, they can make sure they have theright spare parts onboard and alwaysorder the right spare parts.Even if only a small percentage of yourspare parts are wrong, it is very expensiveand potentially dangerous.There are many stories in the industryof shipowners forced to airlift criticalparts, or charts, to a vessel by helicopter,because they will be detained if they don'thave them.By having a better database of yourspare parts, it is possible to do many newthings. For example, you might determinethat a supplier is trying to get you to buy aspare part, which is only needed for oneprocedure, and that procedure can only bedone by a dry dock - so there's no point inbuying it.
Better manuals
A big hope for Shipdex is that it willencourage suppliers to improve the quali-ty of information in their manuals.There is no guarantee that a manualprovided electronically will be of any bet-ter quality than a manual supplied onpaper, but it should be easier to assess thequality of an electronic manual, and so putpressure on the supplier to improve it.For example, a common problem withtoday's manuals is that they have a refer-ence to another manual, but the page inthe other manual doesn't exist any more orcan't be found. If the links are electronic,the computer can alert you if there are anybroken links, so they will all need to bekept up to date."Very often handbooks are absolutelyterrible quality. The information is rub-bish. It's very difficult to find the informa-tion you want," said Giampiero Soncini,CEO of SpecTec."We got one supplier to agree with us - itis impossible for crew to read what we havedelivered. Have you ever seen Japanesehandbooks translated into English?Sometimes I'd rather read Japanese."The reason manufacturers often do notprovide particularly good manuals todayis because they lack incentive - peopletend to buy equipment on the basis of itsprice and fitness for purpose, not the qual-ity of the manuals."97 per cent of negotiation (with themanufacturer) is about 'are we gettingwhat we want for the price we want'," saidDimitris Lyras of Lyras Shipping. "I don'tthink manufacturers believe they get acompetitive advantage from the informa-tion in their manuals."
Benchmarking anddashboards
Having better data should make it mucheasier to compare one vessel with another,so companies will have a better idea ofhow well they are doing."We have one customer with 23 vessels,each database is built by different people,"said SpecTec's Mr Soncini. "So they arecompletely different databases. It's impos-sible to compare one ship with another."Bob Kessler of ABS Nautical Systemsrecalled a Dilbert cartoon, which showed amanager asking for executive summaryinformation, or 'dashboards', but not car-ing whether the underlying data is anygood or not, a scenario many in the mar-itime industry will be familiar with."Everybody wants 'dashboards'," hesaid. "But if you have bad data, you won'tget any useful dashboards."
Managing the servicebulletins
If all technical information is supplied inShipdex format, it should make it easierfor suppliers to update their manuals forequipment in service.Currently, the only way for suppliers toupdate their manuals is to send out apaper 'service bulletin' - but this isn't easy,if you don't know exactly which ships areusing the equipment, there is no easy wayto post the bulletin to the ship, and youhave no way of knowing if it has beenreceived and is being read as needed.It would be so much easier if the updatecould be sent to the ship electronically,and automatically incorporated into theshipboard electronic manuals, with themaintenance, spares and purchasing sys-tems updated as required; and Shipdexmakes this possible.This communication between supplierand vessel could also be two ways - withthe vessel providing the supplier with use-ful information about how well the equip-ment is performing (both provided manu-ally and electronically).Neil Firth, chief technology officer withelectronic purchasing company ShipServ,suggested that his company could poten-tially assist here, by carrying manualupdates through its TradeNet hub, whichmany vessels and equipment suppliers arealready connected to.The benefit is the reduced amount of ITintegration which needs to be made. Everytime a vessel connects to a supplier, thereis IT work in doing the integration; and ifeach vessel is connected to multiple equip-ment suppliers, and each supplier is con-nected to multiple vessels, that's a lot ofintegration work. But if each vessel andsupplier connects once to TradeNet, nofurther integrations are required.Some suppliers may work on the basisthat they can send out updates by e-mail,but Mr Firth pointed out that there aremany shortcomings to this, in particularnot knowing if the message has beenreceived."It's not a safe mechanism for delivery,"he said. "With our process, you have anaudit process."
Building the databasefaster
Perhaps the benefit of Shipdex with thebiggest immediate impact on theshipowner's bottom line is the reducedcost of putting together a good mainte-nance database on a new vessel.Or, since only a small proportion ofshipowners are making this investment, itmeans that the vessel can actually have areally good maintenance system for thefirst time.Creating a good maintenance manage-ment system using current methods isvery expensive.Grimaldi Naples currently spends 2 to 4months manually inputting data for eachnew vessel it has, at a cost of around $20,000.Other shipowners work with contrac-tors to create a computerised maintenancemanagement system from the informationin the manuals.Building a maintenance system fromthe paper manuals involves "a lot of datapopulation steps; none of them very sim-ple," said Dimitris Lyras, special advisorto Ulysses Systems, a company which pro-vides this service. "There's a million waysto make errors.""Someone has to understand the manu-als - things aren't listed in the same way,"he said. "People have to look at the manu-als, mark them up, and have someoneextract the data. It's a bit like translating.We have to abstract people's translationsinto a common format.""It takes 6-8 weeks to do. We get thecrates of manuals, then they have to beopened, indexed, studied, copied,repacked and sent back."Don't expect much help from the ship-yards, who put the manuals together."Shipyards don't find this stage importantor particularly interesting," he said.Giampiero Soncini, CEO of SpecTec,estimated that it takes 90 days (12 weeks)to build a maintenance system for a newtanker or bulk carrier from the paper doc-uments; but if the data was available elec-tronically, it would reduce to 2 days."If you do it in the Philippines, it maycost $10,000, but you have to pay another$10,000 to send the manuals there and getthem back, and you only have 1 set ofmanuals," he said.SpecTec currently earns $4m every yearfrom its manual data entry services, butMr Soncini would be happy if the compa-ny didn't have to do it anymore. "Wecould turn the 40-50 people who do it intoconsultants and have them doing workonboard instead," he said.There are no real short cuts to puttingtogether a maintenance management sys-tem, said Mr Soncini.One unfortunate habit is for shipown-ers to buy software with a so called 'skele-ton database' already on it - which refersto general equipment parts, not somethingspecific to the vessel.They then discover that having a gener-ic maintenance system is worse than use-less, in that it tells seafarers to do taskswhich don't need doing, and doesn't tellthem what actually needs doing.
It takes 1 minute instead of 10 minutesto find the answer to a critical question -Kay-Michael Goertz, head of logistic procedures and IT at HDW -ThyssenKrupp Marine SystemsEveryone wants management 'dashboards'but they are only any use if the underlyingdata is of good quality, pointed out BobKessler, head of Europe, Middle East and Africa with ABS Nautical SystemsShipServ's technology could be used for updates and service bulletins- Neil Firth, ShipServThe time to build a maintenancedatabase for a new vessel wouldreduce from 90 days to 2 days- Giampiero Soncini, CEO of SpecTec
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