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RIGHTS

In the jurisprudence and the law, a

right

is the legal or moralentitlementto do or refrainfrom doing something, or to obtain or refrain from obtaining an action, thing or recognition incivil society. Rights serve as rules of interaction between people, and, assuch, they place constraints and obligations upon the actions of individuals or groups.Most modern conceptions of rights areuniversalistandegalitarian— in other words, equal rightsare granted to all people.There are two main modern conceptions of rights: on the one hand, the idea of natural rightsholds that there is a certain list of rights enshrined in nature that cannot belegitimately modified by any human power. On the other hand, the idea of legal rights holds that rights are human constructs, created by society, enforced by governments andsubject to change. It is not generally considered necessary that a right should beunderstood by the holder of that right; thus rights may be recognized on behalf of another, such aschildren's rightsor the rights of people declared mentally incompetent tounderstand their rights.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NEEDS AND RIGHTS

Needs defines as what we required from childhood like care, protection, communicationwith others, peer group, others attention, motivation, etc. needs are divided into basicneeds and secondary needs. Basic needs are same like our rights. If those needs are not properly satisfied it will affects to our survival. In convention also that is explain that basic needs of child must be fulfils by parent or guardian they are incapable of takingcare then it is the responsibility of state. For children we explain with examples what aretheir needs and rights.Sector Needs / RightsFoodNeed / RightEducationNeed / RightProtectionNeed / RightHealthNeed / RightLove and careNeed / RightRecreationNeed / RightListening to ChildrenNeed / RightClothsNeed / RightToysNeedShelterNeed / RightParticipationNeed / RightMotivationNeedParent’s careNeed / RightEntertainment NeedFriendsNeedRespectNeed / Right1

HUMAN RIGHTS

Article 1 of theUnited NationsUniversal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR) explain human rights as “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They areendowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.”

Human rights

refers to the supposed "basicrightsandfreedomsto which all humans are entitled." Examples of rights and freedoms which are often thought of as human rightsinclude civil and political rights, such as the right tolifeandliberty,freedom of expression,andequality before the law; and social, cultural and economic rights, including the right to participate inculture, theright to food, theright to work , and the right toeducation.

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

The basic aims of Constitution of India are to provides justice (social, economical and political), secures liberty (of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship) and ensuresequality (of status and opportunity) and fraternity (assuming the dignity of individual andunity and integrity of the nation). Inspired by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR), part III of Indian constitution comprises of the fundamental rights. Rights provided by constitution to all the citizens of country irrespective of their age, gender,caste, class, abilities. They are as follows1.Right to Equality (Article 14-18)

a.Equality before lawb.Prohibition from discrimination

c.Equality of opportunities in matter of public employment. This will not prevent the state from making special provision for women, children,schedule caste, schedule tribes.d.Abolition of untouchability and titles.2.Right freedom includes the following rights (Article 19-22)

a.Freedom of speech and expressionb.Peaceful assembly and form associations or unions

c.Move freely in India, reside anywhere, hold or acquire propertyd.Practice any profession

e.Protection of life and personal liberty

3.Right against exploitation includes following rights (Article 23-24)a.

Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour b.Prohibition of Employment of children in factories etc.

4.Right to freedom of religion (Article 25-28)

a.Freedom of conscience and religion

b.Freedom to manage religious affairsc.Freedom to attend at religious worships5.Cultural and Educational Rights includes the following rights (Articles 29-30)

a.Protection of minority culture

b.Rights of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions6.Right to constitutional remedies (Articles 32-35)

a.Right to move to supreme court

b.Legislation to give effect to provisions of Part III

DEFINITION OF CHILD

According to United Nations Convention on Rights of Child Article 1 define “Child as aevery human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to thechild, majority is attained earlier. In a country like India there is more then 40% population is under the age of 18 years.”They are considering as a future perspective of society. In future they are going to play arole of responsible citizens. At the same time child is consider as a most vulnerablesection of society because they are under the control of the adults. They are not consider as a separate individual identity who have feeling, their own thought, ideas of personalgrowth and societal development. In all nations of world instead of giving moreopportunities to growth and development the adults were using these children for their will satisfaction, as child labour for profit maximization, for trafficking, as young soldiersin war situations, number of girls missing because of practices like foeticide andinfanticide, number of girls were forcing so do prostitution. By seeing this we come toknow that how children of the world are in vulnerable situation in their families, in their communities, in their societies and their countries and at large extent in all over the earth.There we find the need of child rights for children of whole world.

NEED OF CHILD RIGHTS

1.In most of the countries of the world were children are not consider as separatehuman beings who have rights as adults have. Children have voices and potentialsfor self growth and development.2.After Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and Convention on theElimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) led byUnited Nation, the remaining group who largely affected by social-economical power structure was children. For their survival, protection and holisticdevelopment there is a need for child rights.3.Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is not able to take care of children as a section of society because they have require some special care, protection, opportunities in education, skill development. Therefore there is aneed for child rights which specifically focused on children and their needs.4.Asminorsby law children do not have autonomy or the right to make decisionson their own for themselves. Instead their adult caregivers, including parents,social workers, teachers, youth workersand others, are vested with that authority depending on the circumstance the child is in.5.Children are the responsibility of parents, extended family members, if not thenrespective government and society. Because of their age and inability to handleaffected situations they are being suffer lot. To provide a guideline for government there is need of child rights. On large scale it is governmentresponsibility to take care of children and their rights.6.The type of exploitation children face, able to gather less growth opportunities, nofreedom of speech and expression, all this leads to unproductive and irresponsible3