Y BAN NHN DN TNH QUNG NAM TRNG CAO NG KINH T- K THUT TNH QUNG NAM

H S BI GING
(bi ging l thuyt)

Trnh o to: Trung cp Tn bi ging : CC PHNG PHP O IN TR Tn hc phn: o lng in v cm bin Chuyn ngnh: in Cng Nghip v Dn Dng

H v tn gio vin: Nguyn Thnh Nhn Khoa: CNKT in - in t & C kh

Qung Nam, thng 8 nm 2012

Y BAN NHN DN TNH QUNG NAM TRNG CAO NG KINH T- K THUT TNH QUNG NAM

CNG BI GING

Trnh o to: Trung cp Tn bi ging : CC PHNG PHP O IN TR Tn hc phn: o lng in v cm bin Chuyn ngnh: in Cng Nghip v Dn Dng

Y BAN NHN DN TNH QUNG NAM TRNG CAO NG KINH T- K THUT TNH QUNG NAM

S GIO N
L THUYT

Hc phn: o lng in v cm bin Lp: TC 37C-A H v tn gio vin: Nguyn Thnh Nhn Nm hc: 2012 - 2013

Quyn s:

4.2.1. o in tr bng Vn k v Ampe k

Hnh 4-1a v 4-1b l s o in tr R da trn nh lut m:

R= U I

(4-1)

Mc d c th s dng cc dng c o chnh xc nhng gi tr in tr nhn c bng phng php ny c th c sai s ln. Tu theo cch mc Ampe k v Vn k m gi tr RX o c s khc nhau. Ta c 2 cch mc sau: Cch mc Vn k trc v Ampe k sau: UA IA

UDC

A RA

IX

RV

RX

UX

Hnh 4-1a. o in tr bng Vn k v Ampe k T hnh 4-1a ta c:

RX =

U X U U A U I A RA = = IX IX IA

(4-2)

Trong :
x X

U l in p hai u in tr R
X X

I l cng dng in chy qua in tr R U l s ch Vn k

A

I
A

l s ch Ampe k

R l ni tr ca Ampe k Sai s ca php o:

% =

R' X R X x100% RX U IA

(4-3)

Trong :

R' X =

= RX + RA
(4-4)

l gi tr in tr o theo Vn k v Ampe k. T (4-3) v (4-4) ta c:

% =

RA x100% RX
(4-5)

Nhn xt: Nu R cng ln th sai s cng nh nn phng php ny dng o in tr c gi tr ln.

Cch mc Ampe k trc v Vn k sau:

A RA UDC

IA IV

IX

RV V

RX

Hnh 4-1b. o in tr bng Vn k v Ampe k T hnh 4-1b ta c:

RX = UX U = = IX I A IV U IA U RV

(4-6)

Trong :
x X

U l in p hai u in tr R
X X

I l cng dng in chy qua in tr R U l s ch Vn k

A

I
V

l s ch Ampe k

R l ni tr ca Vn k Sai s ca php o:

% =

R' X R X x100% RX

(4-7)

Trong :

R' X =

U = R X // RV IA
(4-8)

l gi tr in tr o theo Vn k v Ampe k.
V X

Nu R >> R t (4-7) v (4-8) ta c:

% =

R' X R X R x100% = X x100% RX RV

(4-9)

Nhn xt: Nu R cng nh th sai s cng nh nn phng php ny dng o in tr c gi tr ln. 4.2.2. o in tr bng m k m k l dng c o t in vi ngun cung cp l pin v cc in tr chun. Xut pht t nh lut m:
R= U I

Nu ta gi cho in p U khng thay i th dng in I qua mch o s thay i. Trn c s c th ch to cc m k o in tr. Tu thuc vo cch mc s mch o, ngi ta chia m k thnh 2 loi: m k mc ni tip v m k mc song song. 4.2.2.1. m k mc ni tip L m k trong in tr o RX mc ni tip vi c cu ch th. RX R1 Im A Eb + Hnh 4-2. Mch nguyn l ca m k mc ni tip Cc m k ni tip thng dng o cc in tr c gi tr 1 tr ln. Trong R1 l in tr chun ca tm o m bo sao cho khi RX = 0 dng in qua c cu o l ln nht (lch ht thang chia ) v bo v c cu ch th. B Rm

Gc quay ca c cu ch th c tnh theo cng thc sau: = SI Im Trong : SI = const l nhy ca c cu ch th Im l dng in qua c cu ch th Dng in Im c tnh nh sau: Eb Im = Rm + R1 + R X Trong : Rm l ni tr ca ch th R1 l in tr chun ca tm o RX l in tr cn o Eb l sut in ng ngun cung cp T (4-10) v (4-11) ta c: Khi RX = 0: Eb Im = = I mMAX Rm + R1 =>> gc quay ln nht Khi RX 0: Eb Im = Rm + R1 + R X Khi RX = : Im 0 =>> gc quay nh nht

(4-10)

(4-11)

T cc biu thc trn ta thy rng thang chia ca m k ngc vi thang chia ca Vn k nh hnh 4-3.

Hnh 4-3: Thang chia ca m k mc ni tip Mc khc ta cng thy s ch ca m k ph thuc vo ngun cung cp. Nu ngun cung cp thay i s gy sai s ln. Do khc phc cc sai s do ngun cung cp thay i ngi ta mc thm mt chit p hoc bin tr R2 chnh zr (khi RX = 0) nh hnh 4-4. Cch chnh nh sau: mi ln s dng m k, trc ht phi ngn mch cc u ra (RX = 0) sau iu chnh R2 kim ca ch th ch zr trn thang o. Vi cch hiu chnh nh vy khi in p cung cp ca pin gim xung di mc ban u ca n thang o vn ng. RX R1 Ib Im

I2 Rm Eb R2

Hnh 4-4. Mch o in tr thc t ca m k 4.2.2.2. m k mc song song L loi dng c o trong RX mc song song vi c cu ch th. R1 Im Rm Eb RX

Hnh 4-5. m k ch th mc song song u im ca m k loi ny l c th o c in tr tng i nh (c 1 tr li). Gc quay ca c cu ch th c tnh theo cng thc sau: = SI Im (4-12) Trong : SI = const l nhy ca c cu ch th Im l dng in qua c cu ch th

Dng in Im c tnh nh sau:

Im =

Eb RX R R R1 + X m R X + Rm R X + Rm Eb RX R1 R X + R1 Rm + R X Rm Eb RR R1 + Rm + 1 m RX
(4-13)

Im = Im =

Trong : Rm R1 RX Eb T (4-12) v (4-13) ta c: l in tr ca ch th l in tr chun ca tm o l in tr cn o l sut in ng ngun cung cp

Khi RX => :
Im = Eb R1 + Rm

=>> gc quay ln nht Khi RX 0:

Im = Eb R1 + Rm + R1 Rm RX

Khi RX => 0: Im 0 =>> gc quay nh nht T cc biu thc trn ta thy rng thang chia ca m k thun vi thang chia ca Vn k nh hnh 4-6.

Hnh 4-6: Thang chia ca m k mc song song iu chnh thang o ca m k trong trng hp ngun cung cp thay i cng dng mt bin tr R2 v iu chnh ng vi Rx = .