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Every material has a certain capacity to carry load, but unsafe to load a material to full capacity it would have no reserve strength. This is dangerous because:
May experience a load greater than anticipated Material may be defective Construction may be faulty (fabrication / erection / workmanship, etc.) Other unforeseen situation (calculation errors, etc)
Illustration: Barry Onouye and Kevin Kane: Statics and Strength of Materials for Architecture and Building Construction, second edition; Prentice-Hall, 2001