Name

S1/2

S1/2

S0

S1/2

S0

S1/2

S1/2

S0

S1/2

S0

Based upon

G4

12

T A B L E

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Solids
Liquids
Gases
Artificially
Prepared

6
P0

Aluminum

Al

P1/2

Silicon

P0

Si

14

S3/2

Phosphorus

15

P2

Sulfur

16

P3/2

Chlorine

Cl

17

Fluorine
18.9984032
2 2 5
1s 2s 2p
17.4228

Oxygen
15.9994
2 2 4
1s 2s 2p
13.6181

P3/2

Nitrogen

14.0067
2 2 3
1s 2s 2p
14.5341

P2

Carbon

12.0107
2 2 2
1s 2s 2p
11.2603

S3/2

Boron

17
VIIA

10.811
2 2
1s 2s 2p
8.2980

P1/2

13

14
IVA

13
IIIA
16
VIA

www.nist.gov/srd

physics.nist.gov

15
VA

Standard Reference
Data Group

Physics
Laboratory

Helium

He

S0

S0

Argon

S0

Ar

18

20.1797
2 2 6
1s 2s 2p
21.5645

Neon

Ne

10

4.002602
2
1s
24.5874

18
VIIIA

D3/2

88.90585
2
[Kr]4d 5s
6.2173

Yttrium

39

44.955910
2
[Ar]3d 4s
6.5615

Scandium

D1/2

S3

S5/2

F3/2

Tantalum

Ta

73
Tungsten

D0

74
6

S5/2

Rhenium

Re

75

F5

D4

Osmium

Os

76

[Kr]4d 5s
7.3605

101.07

Ruthenium

Ru

44

55.845
6 2
[Ar]3d 4s
7.9024

Iron

F9/2

Ir

F9/2

Iridium

77

[Kr]4d 5s
7.4589

102.90550

Rhodium

Rh

45

58.933200
7 2
[Ar]3d 4s
7.8810

Cobalt

S0

D3

Platinum

Pt

78

106.42
10
[Kr]4d
8.3369

Palladium

Pd

46

58.6934
8 2
[Ar]3d 4s
7.6398

Nickel

S1/2
Gold

Au

79

107.8682
10
[Kr]4d 5s
7.5762

Silver

Ag

S1/2

S0

S0

Mercury

Hg

80

112.411
10 2
[Kr]4d 5s
8.9938

Cadmium

Cd

48

65.409
10 2
[Ar]3d 4s
9.3942

63.546
10
[Ar]3d 4s
7.7264
2

Zinc

Copper

47

Zn

Cu

F2 ?

D3/2

G4

D3/2

Thorium
232.0381
2 2
[Rn]6d 7s
6.3067

F2

(227)
2
[Rn] 6d7s
5.17

Th

90

Actinium

Ac

89

Cerium
140.116
2
[Xe]4f5d 6s
5.5387

138.9055
2
[Xe]5d 6s
5.5769

Ce

58

Lanthanum

La

(262)

(261)
14 2 2
[Rn]5f 6d 7s ?
6.0 ?

57

Dubnium

Db

105

Rutherfordium

Rf

104

I9/2

I4

K11/2

231.03588
2
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
5.89

Protactinium

Pa

91

140.90765
3 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.473

61

H5/2

(277)

Hassium

Hs

108

L6

L11/2

(237)
4
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
6.2657

Neptunium

Np

93

(145)
5 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.582

Promethium

111

62

(268)

F0

F0

S7/2

95

S7/2

151.964
7 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.6704

Europium

D2

96

D2

157.25
7
2
[Xe]4f 5d6s
6.1498

Gadolinium

Gd

64

(272)

H15/2

97

H15/2

158.92534
9 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.8638

Terbium

Tb

65

(285)

(244)
6 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.0260

Plutonium

(243)
7 2
[Rn]5f 7s
5.9738

Americium

(247)
7
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
5.9914

Curium

(247)
9 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.1979

Berkelium

Pu Am Cm Bk

94

150.36
6 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.6437

Samarium

Eu

63

(281)

Ununbium

112

Ge

Germanium

Arsenic

As

Se

Selenium

Br

Bromine

Kr

Krypton

P1/2

P0

Tin

Sn

50

S3/2

Antimony

Sb

51

Tellurium

P2

Te

52

P3/2

Iodine

53

S0

Xenon

Xe

54

P1/2

I8

I8

(251)
10 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.2817

Californium

Cf

98

162.500
10 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.9389

Dysprosium

Dy

66

204.3833
[Hg] 6p
6.1082

Thallium

Tl

81

P0

I15/2

I15/2

(252)
11 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.42

Einsteinium

Es

99

164.93032
11 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.0215

Holmium

Ho

67

(289)

Ununquadium

Uuq

114

207.2
2
[Hg]6p
7.4167

Lead

Pb

82

S3/2

Erbium

H6

P2

F7/2

101

F7/2

168.93421
13 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.1843

Thulium

Tm

69

(292)

Ununhexium

Uuh

116

(209)
4
[Hg] 6p
8.414

Polonium

Po

84

(258)
13 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.58

Mendelevium

P3/2

S0

S0

(259)
14 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.65

Nobelium

No

102

173.04
14 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.2542

Ytterbium

Yb

70

(210)
5
[Hg] 6p

Astatine

At

85

S0

D3/2

P1/2?

(262)
14 2
[Rn]5f 7s 7p?
4.9 ?

Lawrencium

Lr

103

174.967
2
14
[Xe]4f 5d6s
5.4259

Lutetium

Lu

71

(222)
6
[Hg] 6p
10.7485

Radon

Rn

86

NIST SP 966 (September 2003)

(257)
12 2
[Rn]5f 7s
6.50

Fermium

Fm Md

100

167.259
12 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.1077

H6

Er

68

208.98038
3
[Hg]6p
7.2855

Bismuth

Bi

83

131.293
114.818
118.710
121.760
127.60
126.90447
10 2 6
10 2 4
10 2 5
10 2 3
10 2
10 2 2
[Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p
12.1298
5.7864
7.3439
8.6084
9.0096
10.4513

Indium

In

49

69.723
72.64
74.92160
78.96
79.904
83.798
10 2
10 2 2
10 2 3
10 2 4
10 2 5
10 2 6
[Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p
5.9993
7.8994
9.7886
9.7524
11.8138
13.9996

Gallium

Ga

For a description of the data, visit physics.nist.gov/data

238.02891
3
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
6.1941

Uranium

92

144.24
4 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.5250

110

Mt Uun Uuu Uub

Meitnerium
Ununnilium Unununium

109

Nd Pm Sm

60

(264)

Bohrium

Bh

107

Praseodymium Neodymium

Pr

59

(266)

Seaborgium

Sg

106

183.84
186.207
190.23
192.217
195.078
196.96655
200.59
178.49
180.9479
14 2 2
14 6 2
14 5 2
14 3 2
14 10 2
14 7 2
14 10
14 9
14 4 2
[Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s
7.8640
7.8335
8.4382
8.9670
8.9588
9.2255
10.4375
6.8251
7.5496

Hafnium

Hf

F2

(98)
5 2
[Kr]4d 5s
7.28

95.94
5
[Kr]4d 5s
7.0924

72

Technetium

Molybdenum

Tc

43

Niobium

Mo

42

92.90638
4
[Kr]4d 5s
6.7589

Nb

41

[Ar]3d 4s
7.4340

54.938049

Manganese

91.224
2 2
[Kr]4d 5s
6.6339

F2

51.9961
5
[Ar]3d 4s
6.7665

Chromium

Zirconium

Zr

50.9415
3 2
[Ar]3d 4s
6.7462

47.867
2 2
[Ar]3d 4s
6.8281

40

Vanadium

Ti

Titanium

26.981538
28.0855
30.973761
32.065
35.453
39.948
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2 5
2 6
2 4
2 2
2
2 3
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
[Ne]3s 3p
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
VIIB
VIII
IB
IIB
5.9858
8.1517
10.4867
10.3600
12.9676
15.7596
2
3
1
3
34
32
36
P3/2
P0 33 4S3/2
S0
P2 35
21 2D3/2 22 3F2 23 4F3/2 24 7S3 25 6S5/2 26 5D4 27 4F9/2 28 3F4 29 2S1/2 30 1S0 31 2P1/2

Sc

Frequently used fundamental physical constants

For the most accurate values of these and other constants, visit physics.nist.gov/constants
1 second = 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition
between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of 133Cs
1
speed of light in vacuum
299 792 458 m s
(exact)
c
34
Planck constant
6.6261 10 J s
(
/2 )
h
19
1.6022 10 C
e
elementary charge
31
me
9.1094 10 kg
electron mass
2
0.5110 MeV
me c
27
mp
1.6726 10 kg
proton mass
fine-structure constant
1/137.036
1
R
Rydberg constant
10 973 732 m
15
R c
3.289 842 10 Hz
13.6057 eV
R hc
23
1
Boltzmann constant
1.3807 10 J K
k

C. () indicates the mass number of the most stable isotope.

Ionization
Energy (eV)

140.116
2
[Xe]4f5d6s
5.5387

Cerium

Ce

58

Ground-state
Level

(226)
2
[Rn] 7s
5.2784

[Rn] 7s
4.0727

(223)

Radium

Ra

88

Francium

Fr

87

[Xe] 6s
3.8939

Barium

137.327
2
[Xe] 6s
5.2117

Cesium

Ba

56

132.90545

Cs

87.62
2
[Kr] 5s
5.6949

55

Strontium

S0

85.4678
[Kr] 5s
4.1771

Sr

38

Rubidium

Rb

40.078
2
[Ar] 4s
6.1132

39.0983
[Ar] 4s
4.3407

37

Calcium

Ca

20

Potassium

24.3050
2
[Ne] 3s
7.6462

19

Magnesium

Sodium

Mg

12

22.989770
[Ne] 3s
5.1391

Na

Beryllium

9.012182
2 2
1s 2s
9.3227

Be

P E R I O D I C

Atomic Properties of the Elements

S0

6.941
2
1s 2s
5.3917

2
IIA

Lithium

Li

11

1.00794
1s
13.5984

Ground-state
Configuration

Atomic

Weight

Hydrogen

Atomic
Number

Symbol

Period

Group
1
IA
1 2S1/2

Lanthanides

Actinides