Nervous System and Sense of the Annelida

The nervous system nervous system of annelids is a rope ladder. Consists of the brain ganglion is connected with the nerve cord that extends to form a rope ladder. Ganglia of the brain located at the front of the anterior pharynx. Nervous system consists of anterior, dorsal ganglionic mass, called the brain. Or a long thread with ganglionic nerve swelling and nerve laterally on each segment. The ring ganglia are connected by a ventral nerve cord Ganglia = like pouch which is an enlargement of the neural network, forming a "brain" Tali = nerve cells of the elongated body and containing nervous system annelid nerve impulses Nervous System Of The Cat Consist of the CNS (Central nerve sysem) : Brain, spinal cord (the body's command center and the superhighway for two-way transmission of nerve impulses) and PNS (Peripheral nerve system) : peripheral, spinal Central and Peripheral The nervous system is divided into two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord - the body's command center and the superhighway for two-way transmission of nerve impulses. The peripheral nervous system receives information about temperature, touch, pressure, and pain, and delivers instructions to muscles. It consists of the cranial nerves and the spinal or peripheral nerves.The cranial nerves are responsible for facial muscles and the transmission of information from the senses. They spread out from under the brain in a region called the brain stem. The spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord along its length, linking the body's extremities and central nervous system. This division of the nervous system is for ease of understanding; it is not a physical split. Many nerve cells are partly in the central nervous system and partly in the peripheral nervous system.

Automatic Control The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary function and activities. While a cat is relaxed and not stressed, its parasympathetic nervous system is in charge. Under stress, its sympathetic nervous system instantly takes charge, increasing the heart rate, dilating the pupils, and diverting blood to the muscles for immediate action. Voluntary Control The peripheral nervous system consists of millions of nerve fibers wrapped in individual bundles, or nerves. These conduct information from the skin and muscles to the brain, and instructions from the brain back to the muscles. Individual nerve fibers from a single cell can be up to 12 in (30 cm) long. The entire structure looks, anatomically, like a sinewy root system The Myelin Sheath Myelin is a fatty, protective membrane found around the largest axons that increases the speed of communication along the nerves. Technically, a nerve fiber consists of an axon, its myelin sheathing, and the cell that makes the myelin. Myelin is produced by cells called oligodendrocytes inside the central nervous system, and neurolemmocytes in the peripheral system. Few nerves have myelin sheathing at birth, but the cat's nerves are myelinated quickly, and very effectively.

Unconscious Control Many functions of the nervous system are under conscious, or voluntary, control. When a cat sees prey, it voluntarily controls its muscles so that it can pounce on its prey. Sensory nerves carry messages to the brain, and motor nerves carry messages back to the muscles, stimulating them to work in the controlled way necessary to pounce accurately. But other activities are involuntary. These usually involve the internal organs, regulating heartbeat and breathing and the many digestive processes.