Of Group Behavior

DEFINITION
Two

or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. A number of persons or things classified together because of common characteristics, community of interests, etc. Functions toward common goal.

TYPES OF GROUPS
Command Group Task Group

Formal group

Formal group

Informal group
Friendship Group

Informal group
Interest Group

WHY DO PEOPLE JOIN GROUP?

Security

Status
Self

esteem Goal achievement Power Affiliation

FIVE STAGE MODEL

Forming Storming
Adjourning

Norming
Performing Adjourning

GROUP PROPERTIES

Roles Norms Status Size Cohesiveness

ROLE
A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.
Role

Identity Role Perception Role Expectations Role Conflict

NORMS
Norm: Acceptable

standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the groups members. groups: Important groups to which individuals belong or hope to belong and with whose norms individuals are likely to confrom.

Reference

Conformity:The

adjustment of ones behavior to align with the norms of the group.

STATUS
Status: A socially

defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others

What determines status?

The power a person wields over others. A persons ability to contribute to a groups An individuals personal characteristics.
Status Status Status

goal.

and norms and group interaction inequity

SIZE OF A GROUP
Effect

of groups size on overall behavior. Smaller groups faster at completing tasks. Larger groups effective in gathering diverse input.

SOCIAL LOAFING
DEFINITION: The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually Group performance increases with increase in size, but individual productivity reduces
CAUSES OF SOCIAL LOAFING Belief that others arent doing their fair share Relationship between individuals effort and groups output unclear PREVENTION OF SOCIAL LOAFING Set group goals Increase inter-group competition Peer evaluation Distribute group rewards, in part, based on individuals contributions

COHESIVENESS

Definition: The degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group.

TIPS TO INCREASE GROUP COHESIVENESS

Make the group smaller Encourage agreement with group goals Increase the time members spend together Increase the status of the group and the perceived difficulty of attaining membership in the group Stimulate competition with other groups Give rewards to the group rather than individual members Physically isolate the group

GROUP DECISION MAKING

Are Two Heads Better Than One?

STRENGTHS :
More complete knowledge and information Increased diversity of views Higher quality decisions Acceptance of a solution

WEAKNESSES:
Time Consuming Conformity pressures in groups Dominated by one or a few members

INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP DECISION MAKING

Individual
More efficient Speed No meetings No discussions Clear accountability Consistent values

Group
More effective More information and knowledge Diversity of views Higher-quality decisions Increased acceptance

GROUPTHINK
Groupthink

is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within groups of people. It is the mode of thinking that happens when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative ideas or viewpoints

GROUPSHIFT
Decision of the group reflects the dominant decision-making norm that develops during the groups discussion. In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions that they hold. In some situations caution dominates and there is a conservative shift. More often groups tend toward a risky shift.

SELECTING THE BEST DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUE

Interacting groups Brainstorming Nominal group technique Electronic meetings

EVALUATING GROUP EFFECTIVENESS

TYPE OF GROUP EFFECTIVENESS CRITERIA
Number and quality of ideas Social pressure Money costs Speed Interacting Low High Low Moderate Brainstorming Moderate Low Low Moderate Nominal High Moderate Low Moderate Electronic High Low High Moderate

Task orientation
Potential for interpersonal conflict Commitment to solution Development of group cohesiveness

Low
High High High

High
Low Not applicable High

High
Moderate Moderate Moderate

High
Low Moderate Low

THANK YOU

PRESENTED BY Dinesh Ahuja (1) Dhaval Ajmera (2) Nikita Nisar (34) Rohan Salekar (45)