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MECHANICS OF MACHINES – DDA 3043POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM: GEAR SYSTEM1.1Introduction to Gear System
Mechanical power transmission between shafts can be done in several ways. In mostengineering practice, major power transmission used is gear system, belt drive, chain or ropedrive. However, among these, gear system is the most efficient. The efficiency can go up to 98%.Gear system is efficient because it can perform high consistency of connection to produce highspeed and load transfer with minimal noise of operation.It is analogical with belt drive system because belt drive is a flexible, easy to install wayof power transmission mode. However, belt drive’s efficiency depends on the distance betweenthe driver and driven pulley. The efficiency can be affected by belt drive slip, centrifugal effectand creep factor. Gears are used in many machines such as metal cutting machine tools,automobiles, hoists, rolling mill and so on.
1.2Types of Gear System
The function of gear is to transmit mechanical power from one shaft to another shaft witha certain speed ratio. Gear system parts include at least a set of gear that consist of
Driver Gear
and
Driven Gear
. Driver Gear is the gear that actuates power while Driven Gear is the gear thatreceives the power. A series of gear set is called Gear Train. Gear can be classified according tothe relative position of the axes of mating gears.
a)Parallel Axes Shaft
The shaft axes between driver and driven gear is parallel to each other. Example of this type of gear is Spur Gears and Helical Gears.1
Spur GearDouble Helical Gear b)Intersecting Axes Shaft
The shaft axes between driver and driven gear is perpendicular to each other. Example of gear is bevel gears.
Bevel Gear c)Perpendicular Axes haft
The shaft axes between driver and driven gear are perpendicular to each other and do notintersect to each other. Example of gear is “Worm Gear” and “Rack and Pinion Gear”.2
Worm GearRack and Pinion Gear
1.3Relationship between Pitch Diameter and Pitch Circle
Some of the important terminology of gear system is:
Pitch Circle
: An imaginary circle which by pure rolling action, would produce the samemotion as the toothed gear wheel.
Circular Pitch
: The distance measured along the circumference of the pitch circle from a pointon one tooth to the corresponding point on the adjacent tooth.
Addendum Circle
: Circle that limits the top of the teeth.
Tooth Thickness
: The width of the tooth measured along the pitch circle3
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Gear System
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