Breasts and Axillae

B

REAST

AND

A

XILLAE

Non-child bearing lactation –

galactorrhea

Extra nipples –

supernumerary

Breast tissue in males –

gynecomastia

Enlarged breast tissueBreast development –

thelarche

Surrounds the nipple –

areola

Montgomery tuberclesVdimpling of nipple

– peau d’orange

Nipple discharge with pregnancy –

colostrum

Symptom of breast malignancy

– retraction

Clogged milk duct

– mastitis

During a breast exam, the nurse will not check the mastectomy scar if a women hasa mastectomy within 2 years.

FALSE

Annual mammograms are recommended for women 40 yrs and older.

TRUE

Colostrum secretion may occur in the third trimester of pregnancy.

TRUE

Paget disease is characterized by a red rash on the areola / nipple.

TRUE

Breast tenderness and lumpiness is common the week prior to menstruation.

TRUE

Most malignancies occur in the upper outer quadrant of the breast

. TRUELymph Node Sets:

starting with axillacentral axillary, suprascapular,pectoral, brachial, superior andinferior clavicular

Malignancy Findings

:thickening of breast tissue, marked asymmetry, markeddiscoloration (recent onset),dimpling / puckering, retraction of areola or skinWhich of the following could be considered

a risk factor for breast cancer

for a43-yr-old female?Mother died of breast cancerMenarche at age 1150-yr-old sister currently has breast cancerOne child, a 7-yr-old son

A clear, milky white fluid expressed from the breast bud of a newborn infant is called

Witch’s milk

The axillary lymph nodes are

Superficial

A nipple-related indication of a possible breast malignancy is called

Retraction

While examining the breast of 52-yr-old woman, examiner notes nipple discharge.What diagnostic tests would be appropriate?Cytologic examination of discharge Yvonne had a mastectomy of right breast 2 yrs. ago. What statement assistsexaminer with breast examination of this patient?If malignancy recurs, it may be at the scar site.A supernumerary nipple is found on a white newborn infant girl. What mayaccompany this finding?Congenital renal or cardiac anomaliesWhile palpating the axilla, it is best to place the patient in a

Sitting position withthe arms at the sides

58-yr-old woman asks the examiner how often a mammogram is recommended. The best response by the examiner is

Every 5 yrs

A clear-to-yellow viscous nipple discharge that is associated with pregnancy is called

Colostrum

What is the correct position in which to place the patient for breast palpation?Supine with arms over the head and small pillow under the shoulder of theside being assessedDuring a breast examination, the examiner palpates a mass in a patient’s upperouter breast. What can be done to further examine this mass? Transilluminate the breast to detect presence of fluid in the massFemale breast is composed of glandular tissue arranged into

15 to 20 lobes

A small nipple on the upper inner thigh is

Supernumerary nipple

While performing a breast examination on a 68-yr-old female, which finding isexpected?Breast tissue has a granular feel to it.

D

EVELOPMENTAL

V

ARIATIONS

:

C

HILDREN

AND

A

DOLESCENTS

- childhood and preadolescence represent latent phase

thelarche

– breast development- early sign of puberty in adolescent girls

P

REGNANT

W

OMEN

- lactiferous ducts proliferate and alveoli increase extensively in size andnumber, which may cause breaststo enlarge 2 to 3 prepregnancy size- increase in glandular tissue displaces connective tissue so that tissuebecomes softer and looser- areolae become more deeply pigmented and diameter increases- nipples become more prominent, darker, and more erectile- mammary vascularizaion increases, causing veins to engorge and becomevisible as blue network beneathskin surface

L

ACTATING

W

OMEN

- small amts of colostrum secrete from breasts- colostrum contains more protein and minerals than does mature milkand antibodies and other hostresistance factors- replacing colostrum milk production begins 2 to 4 days after delivery inresponse to surging prolactin levels,declining estrogen levels, and stimulation of sucking- breasts may become full and tense- combined with tissue edema, a delay in effective ejection reflexes,produces breast engorgement- at termination of lactation, involution occurs over a periods of about 3 mos- breast size decreases but rarely return to prelactation size

O

LDER

A

DULTS

- after menopause, glandular tissue continues to atrophy gradually and isreplaced by fat deposited inbreasts- breasts tend to hang more loosely- nipples become smaller, flatter, and lose some erectile ability- skin may take on relatively dry, thin texture- loss of axillary hair may occur

I. R

EVIEW

OF

R

ELATED

H

ISTORY

A. H

ISTORY

OF

P

RESENT

I

LLNESS

1. Breast Discomfort

- temporal sequence (onset, length, intermittentsymptoms), relationship tomenses, character, associated symptoms (lump, mass, discharge),contributory factors (skinirritation, strenuous activity, injury), medications

Category:	School Work > Study Guides, Notes, & Quizzes
Rating:	(1 Rating)
Upload Date:	03/18/2009
Copyright:	Attribution Non-commercial
Tags:	Notes nursing Notes nursing (fewer)

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