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Chapter 34Sensory StimulationSenses Involved in Sensory Reception
•Visual (vision)•Auditory (hearing)•Olfactory (smell)•Gustatory (taste)•Tactile (touch)•Stereognosis (perceives solidity of objects)•Kinesthetic and visceral (basic internal orienting systems)
Four Conditions to Receive Data (Elements of theSensory Perceptual Process)
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Stimulus
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Receptor
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Nervous pathway to the brain
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Functioning brain
Factors Affecting Sensory Stimulation
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Developmental considerations
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Culture
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Personality and lifestyle
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Stress
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Medications
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
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Poorly defined network
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Extends from hypothalamus to medulla
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Mediates arousal
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Optimal arousal state—sensoristasis
 
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Monitors and regulates incoming sensory stimuli
Reticular Activating SystemStates of AwarenessFactors Contributing to Sensory Alteration
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Sensory overload
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Sensory deprivation
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Sleep deprivation
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Cultural care deprivation
Common Sensory DeficitsEffects of Sensory Deprivation
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Perceptual
 •
Cognitive
 •
Emotional disturbances
 
Diagnosing
•Disturbed Sensory Perception as the
Problem
 •Disturbed Sensory Perception as the
Etiology
Patient Outcomes for Sensory Alterations
•Developmentally stimulating and safe environment•Level of arousal enabling brain to receive and organize stimuli•Intact functioning of the senses•Orientation to time, place, and person
Improving Sensory Functioning
•Teach patients and significant others methods for stimulating the senses•Teach patients with intact and impaired senses self-care behaviors•Interact therapeutically with patients with sensory impairments
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