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Bersifat toksik Resisten thd antibiotik Dpt dihambat dg khemoterafi Dpt direkayasa menjadi virus beda sifat Dpt direkonstruksi menjadi vrius lengkap Dpt membentuk plaques dan pocks
POCKS
rongga udara
HDV
SARSV characterization
Vero E6 cells inoculated with Oropharyngeal Specimens from Patients with SARS. The typical early cytopathic effect seen with coronavirus isolates from patients with SARS is shown in Panel A (x40). Infected Vero cells are shown reacting with the serum of a convalescent patient in an indirect fluorescence antibody assay in Panel B (x400).
Ksiazek et al. A novel Coronavirus associated with SARS. NEJM April 10, 2003
PLAQUES
Morfologi virus
Simetri kubus: ikosahedral Simetri heliks: spiral Simetri kompleks: gab. kubus + heliks A. Simetri kubus:
B. Simetri heliks
penampang lintang
Spike
NP M
RNA
penampang bujur
Lipid bilayer
Simetri kompleks:
Simetri kubus
Simetri heliks
contoh: bakteriofag
Struktur virus:
Unit kimiawi: asam nukleat (DNA/RNA) Unit struktural: kapsomer kapsid nukleokapsid; envelop (peplos): selubung protein virus Unit morfologi: virion bentuk virus infektif
5
intron hekson
3
intron
Cell penetration
(+) genomic RNA (-) strand template
RNA#
2
3 4 5 6 7 1
Protein
------> NS2
------> S ------> NS4 ------> NS5a, b ------> M ------> N ------> Pol
2-1 ------> HE
Replikasi virus
Replikasi virus DNA: 1. Adsorbsi 2. Penetrasi 3. Uncoating 4. Transkripsi awal 5. Translasi awal 6. Transkripsi akhir 7. Translasi akhir 8. Perakitan (morfogenesis) 9. Sel lisis 10. Virus baru (anak)
5 7
10
Contoh:
Adenovirus; virus Hepatitis B
translasi
morfogenesis
Protein virus diferensiasi RNA positif:
Inti sel
polimerase; protein struktural
Replikasi virus RNA negatif: pd. Orthomyxoviridae (virus influenza) Replikasi virus RNA dg ensim reverse transkriptase (HIV; virus Hepatitis C)
Replikasi retrovirus
RNA ds DNA
morfogenesis
Khemoterafi: menghambat replikasi virus dg cara menghambat kerja ensim virus. Beberapa virus non responsif obat: VHB; VHC non responsif interferon; HIV non responsif AZT. Desinfektan: semua virus sensitif thd khlor aktif (khlorin); formalin; HCl. Stabil dlm larutan garam anorganik: MgCl2: polio; enterovirus; reovirus MgSO4: influenza; campak Na2SO4: herpes virus
Pemanasan: 50 60 C; 30 menit inaktif Penyimpanan: -20 C : enterovirus -70C s/d -120C (N2 cair/ CO2 kering utk transportasi); preservatif: gelatin; glyserin. Liofilais: beku kering; kristal 4C. pH; virus tahan pd pH asam: enterovirus. Radiasi sinar glb pendek: sinar UV; sinar X as. nukleat rusak mutasi/inaktif.
Klasifikasi
Dasar klasifikasi: 1. Tipe as nukleat: DNA/RNA 2. Sifat as nukleat: ss/ds 3. BM as nukleat: kD/kb 4. Simetri kapsid: ikosahedral; heliks; kompleks 5. Tempat perakitan kapsid; inti sel/sitoplasma 6. Selubung/envelop:/peplos: ada/tdk ada 7. Tempat perakitan/morfogenesis: mbr sel. sitoplasma; inti sel 8. Diameter: virion; nukleokapsid 9. Kapsomer: jumlah kapsomer (pentamer; heksamer)
Klasifikasi yg sederhana
Virus DNA:
As nukleat ss ds ds ds ds ds simetri Ikosahedral Komplex Diameter (nm) 18-26 45-55 70-90 100 230-400 22-42 Famili Parvoviridae Papovaviridae Adenoviridae Herpesviridae Poxviridae Hepadnaviridae
As nukleat
ss ds ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Klasifikasi virus RNA simetri Diameter Famili (nm) Ikosahedral 20-30 Picornaviridae 60-80 Reoviridae 30-90 Togaviridae Komplex 50-300 Arenaviridae 80-130 Coronaviridae s/d 100 Retroviridae Heliks 90-160 Bunyaviridae 80-120 Orthomyxoviridae 150-300 Paramyxoviridae 70-175 Rhabdoviridae
Nomenklatur virus
Dasar: I. Gambaran klinik: measles; morbilli; small pox Gambaran patologik; polimyelitis, hepatitis,dll Gambaran epidemiologik: parotitis epidemika II. Geografis: NCDV (New Castle Diarrhea Virus); Murray valley Ensefalitis virus (MEV); West Nile fever virus; Coxsackie virus, dll. III. Sifat utama partikel virus: Orthomyxovirus mempunyai ensim neuraminidase (N-asetil neuraminat) IV. Nama orang: virus fibroma Shope, strain virus: Edmonston; Schwarz; Sabin; Salk, Saukett, dll.
V. Huruf awal: REO (Respiratory Enteric Orphan ARD: Acute Respiratory Disaeses VI. Gabungan kata: PicoRNAvirus: virus RNA kecil (25 nm) HepaDNAvirus: virus DNA dlm hepar Papovavirus: papiloma-polioma-vakuolavirus ARBOvirus: Arthrophode Born Virus
Referensi:
1. Buku ajar Mikrobiologi FKUI 2. Zeinser Mikrobiology 3. Clinical Microbiology