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DOSAGE PRACTICE PROBLEMGUIDESOUTHERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF NURSINGNURISNG 304SPRING 2007Developed by: Latricia Greggs, 2007
1
 
Special Note
: Many of you have learned D X Q to work dosage problems. It wouldA be wise to also learn ratio-proportion especially when it comes to working equivalents(conversions) and even better if you learn dimensional analysis (DA). Just keep in mindyou may have to work dosage problems in steps. 
Oral DosagesExamples
Ordered: Digoxin 0.25 mg PO each dayAvailable: Digoxin 0.125 mg per tabletHow many tablets will the nurse administer?
Ratio & Proportion
0.125 : 1 tablet : : 0.25 mg : X0.125 X = 0.25 mg0.125 0.125X = 2 tabs
Formula D X QA
0.25 mg X 1 = 2 tabs0.125 mg
Dimensional Analysis (DA)
Ordered: Potassium Chloride (KCL) 60 mEq BIDAvailable: KCL 40 mEq per 30 mlHow many ml will the nurse administer?
Ratio & Proportion
40 mEq : 30 ml : : 60 mEq : X ml40 X = 180040 402
 
X = 45 ml
 Formula D X Q
60 mEq
 
X 30 = 1800 = 45 ml
A
40 mEq
 
40
DAEquivalents – Apothecary & Metric & Household
Two different measures used to calculate meds dosages Apothecary & Metric system.Currently majority of hospitals & MDs use metric, but still some physicians useapothecary (grains, kg). As nurses you must be able to use both systems.
KNOWEQUIVALENTS, CONVERSIONS
By definition
Equivalent
 – a given quantity which is considered to be of equal value to a quantity thatis expressed in a different systemBe able to convert from one system to another (refer to conversion table, and learnconversions)
Examples
Ordered: Phenobarbital grain (gr) ¾ PO BIDAvailable: Phenobarbital elixir 20 mg per 5 mlHow many ml will the nurse administer?
Ratio & Proportion
Step 1 60 mg : 1 gr : : X : ¾ gr 1 X = 60 X ¾X = 60/1 X ¾X = 15/1 X 3/13
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