DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, IITD CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY (CHL 112) TUTORIAL 7 Q1.

What is the influence of temperature and pressure on the three reactions in urea production? What would be the exact source of CO 2 ? Q2. Why do the CO 2 conversion and the urea concentration go through a maximum as a function of temperature? Q3. Why does the presence of water have a negative effect on conversion and urea yield? Q4. Why is the urea yield not maximum at the stoichiometric NH 3 /CO 2 ratio but somewhat above it? Q5. Why is a large water recycle to the reaction section, typical of solution recycle processes, a disadvantage? Q6. The process using recycle of the separate reactants (Figure 1) and the solution recycle process are not very energy-efficient. What is the reason for this? Q7. In figure 2, the carbamate condenser, the urea reactor, and the stripper all operate at a pressure of 140 bar. What is the reason? Q8. Evaluate the flow scheme of the CO 2 stripping process with respect to the formation of biuret?

Figure 1. Total recycle process for urea production - recycle of separated NH 3 and CO 2 .

Figure 2. CO 2 stripping process for Urea production

Figure 3 Schematic of stripper used in CO 2 stripping process.