Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bi 2: H thng my tnh
2010 - 2011
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Ni dung
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Phn cng
Tho c vt m np hp
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Phn cng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Phn cng
! Phn cng:
Mn hnh Loa Bn phm Chut CPU ...
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Phn mm
! H iu hnh: ! ng dng:
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
H iu hnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Mng my tnh
Cc my tnh c kt ni vi nhau to thnh mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc vn s cp
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
! Chc nng:
X l d liu (tnh ton, play, ...) Lu tr d liu (lu tr, ...) Trao i d liu (nhp im, in ra, sao chp, ...)
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
! Lu tr d liu
d liu a vo my tnh c th c x l ngay hoc c th c lu trong b nh khi cn chng s c ly ra x l
! Trao i d liu
trao i d liu gia cc thnh phn bn trong v bn ngoi my tnh -> Qu trnh vo ra (input-output) cc thit b vo-ra: ngun cung cp hoc ni tip nhn d liu d liu c vn chuyn trn khong cch xa gi l truyn d liu (data communication)
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
! Lu tr d liu
d liu a vo my tnh c th c x l ngay hoc c th c lu trong b nh khi cn chng s c ly ra x l
! Trao i d liu
trao i d liu gia cc thnh phn bn trong v bn ngoi my tnh -> Qu trnh vo ra (input-output) cc thit b vo-ra: ngun cung cp hoc ni tip nhn d liu d liu c vn chuyn trn khong cch xa gi l truyn d liu (data communication)
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
! Lu tr d liu
d liu a vo my tnh c th c x l ngay hoc c th c lu trong b nh khi cn chng s c ly ra x l
! Trao i d liu
trao i d liu gia cc thnh phn bn trong v bn ngoi my tnh -> Qu trnh vo ra (input-output) cc thit b vo-ra: ngun cung cp hoc ni tip nhn d liu d liu c vn chuyn trn khong cch xa gi l truyn d liu (data communication)
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
! Lu tr d liu
d liu a vo my tnh c th c x l ngay hoc c th c lu trong b nh khi cn chng s c ly ra x l
! Trao i d liu
trao i d liu gia cc thnh phn bn trong v bn ngoi my tnh -> Qu trnh vo ra (input-output) cc thit b vo-ra: ngun cung cp hoc ni tip nhn d liu d liu c vn chuyn trn khong cch xa gi l truyn d liu (data communication)
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cu trc my tnh
Cc thnh phn c bn ca my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cu trc my tnh(...)
! B x l trung tm CPU (Central Processor Unit):
iu khin cc hot ng ca my tnh v thc hin x l d liu
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Hot ng ca my tnh
! Hot ng c bn ca my tnh l thc hin chng trnh ! Chng trnh gm mt tp cc lnh c lu tr trong b nh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B x l trung tm CPU
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Chc nng
! Chc nng:
iu khin hot ng ca ton b h thng my tnh x l d liu
! Nguyn tc hot ng: theo chng trnh nm trong b nh chnh bng cch:
nhn lnh t b nh chnh gii m lnh v pht cc tn hiu iu khin thc thi lnh CPU c th trao i d liu vi b nh chnh hay h thng vo-ra. thc hin lnh ghi kt qu
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc thnh phn c bn
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc thnh phn c bn
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc thnh phn c bn
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc thnh phn c bn
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc thnh phn c bn
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc thnh phn c bn
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc thnh phn c bn
! Khi iu khin (Control Unit CU):
iu khin hot ng ca my tnh theo chng trnh nh sn
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B vi x l
! 2 dng chnh:
Intel: Pentium, Core 2 Duo, Core i3, i5, i7, ... AMD: Opteron, Athlon,...
! B vi x l (Microprocessor)
l CPU c ch to trn mt vi mch c th gi CPU l b vi x l. Tuy nhin, cc b vi x l hin nay c cu trc phc tp hn nhiu so vi mt CPU c bn
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tc b vi x l
! Tc o bng:
s lnh c thc hin trong 1s (MIPS - Milliions of Intructions per Second) kh nh gi chnh xc (cn ph thuc b nh, bo mch ha. . . )
! Tn s xung nhp ca b vi x l:
b x l hot ng theo mt xung nhp (clock) c tn s xc nh tc ca b x l c nh gi gin tip thng qua tn s xung nhp
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tc b vi x l
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tc b vi x l - v d 1 s siu my tnh
! Nabulae 2nd ,China 1.2 petaflops ! Jaguar 1st , USA 1.8 petaflops
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tng quan
! Chc nng: lu tr chng trnh v d liu ! Cc thao tc c bn vi b nh: c (read) v ghi (write) ! Cc thnh phn chnh
b nh trong (internal memory) b nh ngoi (external memory)
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B nh trong
! Chc nng: cha cc thng tin m CPU c th trao i trc tip ! c im:
tc nhanh dung lng khng ln s dng b nh bn dn: ROM v RAM
! Cc loi b nh trong:
b nh chnh (main memory) b nh m nhanh (cache memory)
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B nh chnh
! L thnh phn nh tn ti trn mi h thng my tnh ! Cha cc chng trnh v d liu ang c CPU s dng ! T chc thnh cc ngn nh c nh a ch, ngn nh thng c t chc theo Byte ! Ni dung ca ngn nh c th thay i, song a ch vt l ca ngn nh lun c nh ! Thng thng, b nh chnh gm 2 phn: ROM v RAM
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
! Lu tr cc thng tin thay i v cc thng tin c s dng hin hnh ! Thng tin lu trn RAM ch l tm thi, chng s mt i khi mt ngun in cung cp
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic RAM): t ngi dng v khng nhanh hn SDRAM l bao nhng li t hn nhiu
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
! ! ! !
Hin nay CACHE c tch hp trong chip vi x l CPU truy nhp d liu trn CACHE nhanh hn trn RAM CACHE chia lm mt s mc: L1, L2, ... CACHE c th c hoc khng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B nh ngoi
! Lu gi ti nguyn phn mm ca my tnh, bao gm: H iu hnh, cc chng trnh v d liu ! B nh ngoi c kt ni vi h thng di dng cc thit b vo ra ! Dung lng ln ! Tc truy cp d liu chm ! Phn loi:
B nh t: a cng, a mm B nh quang: a CD, DVD,. . . B nh bn dn: Flash disk, memory card
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B nh ngoi
! a mm (Floppy disk)
Dung lng: 1.44MB Kch thc 3.5" C 2 mt a Phm vi x dng: hin nay, khng thng dng
laptop: thng khng c desktop: t s dng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B nh ngoi
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B nh ngoi
! CD-ROM (Compact disc read-only memory)
Kch thc thng 700MB a quang, u c laze Tc chm hn so vi a t ( cng) Phn loi:
CD-R (compact disc-recordable): ch ghi 1 ln CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable): c th xa, ghi li nhiu ln
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B nh ngoi
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
H thng vo-ra
! Chc nng: trao i thng tin gia my tnh vi th gii bn ngoi ! Cc thao tc c bn:
VO (input) d liu RA (output) d liu
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Thit b vo-ra
! Chc nng: chuyn i d liu gia bn trong v bn ngoi my tnh ! Cc thit b ngoi vi c bn:
thit thit thit thit b b b b vo: Bn phm, chut, my qut,. . . ra: Mn hnh, my in,. . . nh: Cc a,. . . truyn thng: Modem,. . .
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
! Cc thit b vo-ra c kt ni vi CPU thng qua cc m-un ghp ni vo-ra m khng c kt ni trc tip ! Trong cc m-un ghp ni vo-ra c cc cng vo-ra (IO Port ), mi cng c nh a ch bi CPU i.e mi cng c mt a ch xc nh ! Mi thit b vo-ra kt ni vi CPU thng qua cng tng ng vi a ch xc nh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
My tnh
! Hp my tnh (case) ! Cc thit b ngoi vi
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Hp my tnh
! Bn mch chnh (Mainboard):
b vi x l b nh h thng (b nh chnh): chip nh ROM v cc module nh RAM cc vi mch iu khin tng hp (chipset) cc knh truyn tn hiu (bus) cc khe cm m rng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Hp my tnh
! a: ! B ngun v qut:
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Hp my tnh
! Cc cng vo ra:
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Hp my tnh
! Bn mch chnh:
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
B nh h thng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
M hnh c bn ca my tnh B x l trung tm CPU B nh H thng vo-ra Lin kt h thng (buses) Tng kt
Cc thit b ngoi vi
Mn hnh (monitor), bn phm (keyboard), chut (mouse), loa (speaker), my in (printer), my qut nh (scanner), modem
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Khi nim Phn loi phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Khi nim
! My tnh hot ng theo mt qui trnh t ng nh sn gi l chng trnh (program) hay cn gi l phn mm my tnh (Software Computer ). ! My tnh c th hot ng nu thiu phn mm? ! Gi ca mt s phn mm? ! Lm th no vit ra phn mm?
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Khi nim Phn loi phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
! Phn mm h thng
dng vn hnh my tnh v cc phn cng my tnh v d: Cc h iu hnh my tnh: Windows XP, Vista, Ubuntu, ...
! Phn mm ng dng
phn mm dng gii quyt cc vn phc v cho cc hot ng khc nhau ca con ngi nh qun l, k ton, son tho vn bn, tr chi. . . nhu cu v phn mm ng dng ngy cng tng v a dng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
! ! ! ! ! ! !
mm mm mm mm mm mm
thi gian thc (Real-time SW) nghip v (Business SW) tnh ton KH & KT (Eng.& Scie. SW) nhng (Embedded SW) trn Web (Web-based SW) tr tu nhn to (AI SW)
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Cc khi nim c bn H lnh ca h iu hnh H iu hnh Windows Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
H iu hnh
L phn mm h thng gip: ! iu khin v kim sot hot ng ca cc thit b ( a, bn phm, mn hnh, my in, ...) ! Qun l vic cp pht ti nguyn ca my tnh nh b x l trung tm, b nh, cc thit b vo ra, ... ! Sp xp s thc thi ca tt c cc phn mm khc
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
H iu hnh
! Phn mm u tin c chy khi my khi ng ! ng vai tr trung gian trong vic giao tip gia ngi s dng v phn cng my tnh ! H iu hnh l phn mm h thng, nn ph thuc vo cu trc ca my tnh. Mi loi my tnh c h iu hnh khc nhau
my tnh ln IBM360 c h iu hnh l DOS, TOS my tnh ln EC-1022 c h iu hnh l OC-EC my tnh c nhn PC-IBM c h iu hnh MS-DOS mng my tnh c cc h iu hnh mng NETWARE, UNIX, WINDOWS-NT, ... my tnh Mac : MAC OS ...
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tp (File, tp tin)
! Tp l tp hp cc d liu c lin quan vi nhau v c t chc theo 1 cu trc, thng c lu tr bn ngoi my tnh ! Ni dung ca tp c th l chng trnh, d liu, vn bn,... ! Tn tp tin thng c 2 phn:
phn tn (name) phn m rng (extension) gia phn tn v phn m rng c mt du chm (.) ngn cch
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tp - Phn tn
! Phn tn c th gm
K t ch t A n Z (hoa v thng) Ch s t 0 n 9 K t khc (# , $, %, ~, ^, @, (, ), !, _, khong trng, ...) TR cc k hiu: \, /, :, *, ?, ", <, >, |
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tp - Phn m rng
! Phn m rng
Thng l 3 k t hp l Chng trnh ng dng to ra tp tin t t
COM, EXE : cc file kh thi chy trc tip TXT, DOC, ... : cc file vn bn BMP, GIF, JPG, ... : cc file hnh nh MP3, DAT, WMA, . . . : cc file m thanh, video
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Cc khi nim c bn H lnh ca h iu hnh H iu hnh Windows Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
H lnh ca h iu hnh
! Thao tc vi tp: Sao chp, di chuyn, xo, i tn, xem ni dung tp ! Thao tc vi th mc: to, xo, sao chp, xem ni dung ! Thao tc vi a: to khun (Format), sao chp a
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Cc khi nim c bn H lnh ca h iu hnh H iu hnh Windows Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
S ra i v pht trin
Windows l mt b chng trnh do hng Microsoft sn xut
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Khi ng
! Bt ngun ! Ch n mn hnh ng nhp ! Nhp tn ngi dng v mt khu
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
! lu li cc tp tin v ng tt c cc ng dng ang m trc khi thot khi phin lm vic ca ngi dng hin ti
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
! Tp tin: mt tp cc thng tin c lin quan vi nhau m my tnh c th truy nhp thng qua tn ! Th mc: l mt vng lu tr cc tp tin, mt th mc c th c nhiu th mc con ! Biu tng: l nhng hnh nh nh biu din tp tin, th mc, phn cng, ...
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Cc loi i tng: Ca s
! Ca s: thng l mt hnh ch nht, hin th u ra hoc cho php nhp d liu, ...
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
S dng chut
! ! ! !
l thit b vo C dy hoc khng dy iu khin con tr chut tng tc vi cc i tng C 2 nt bm v c th c 1 nt cun hoc y (nt gia)
nt tri : chn i tng, r, ko i tng, ... nt phi : hin th danh sch cng vic (menu tt) tng ng vi vng hoc i tng c chn nt gia : cun mn hnh
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Thao tc c bn vi chut
! Chn i tng: di chuyn con tr chut n i tng v nhp tri chut ! Ko th (drap and drop): chn i tng nhn, gi nt chut tri v ko n v tr cn th nh chut tri 93 / 137
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Thao tc c bn vi chut
! Chn nhiu i tng lin tip:
C1: nhp chut tri, gi v ko con tr chut ph ht b mt cc i tng cn chn C2: chn i tng u, va nhn gi phm SIFT va chn i tng cui
! Chn nhiu i tng khng lin tip: va nhn gi phm Ctrl va nhp chn tng i tng
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Thao tc c bn vi chut
Mt s hnh dng thng dng ca con tr chut:
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Desktop
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Desktop
Nhp p chut vo cc biu tng M chng trnh ng dng hoc cc ca s tng ng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Desktop
! ! ! !
C th thay i, sp xp li cc biu tng trn desktop C th thay i nn ca mn hnh desktop C th thm, xa cc biu tng vo thanh khi ng nhanh ...
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Lm vic vi ca s
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lm vic vi ca s
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lm vic vi ca s
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lm vic vi ca s
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Windows Explorer
! Windows Explorer l mt chng trnh c h tr t phin bn Windows 95 cho php ngi s dng thao tc vi cc ti nguyn c trong my tnh (tp tin, th mc, a, ...) cng nh ti nguyn chia s ca cc my tnh trong h thng mng (nu c ni mng) ! Windows Explorer : cc thao tc nh sao chp, xa, i tn th mc v tp tin,... c thc hin mt cch thun tin v d dng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Windows Explorer
Khi ng: 1 trong cc cch sau: +E ! ! Start All Programs Accessories Windows Explorer ! Nhp phi chut (R_Click) ln Start Explorer ! Nhp phi chut (R_Click) ln biu tng My Computer Explorer
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Windows Explorer
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Thao tc vi tp, th mc
! M tp tin/th mc:
D_Click hoc R_Click Open hoc Chn nhn Enter
! Chn tp tin/th mc: Click chut ln biu tng ! To th mc: Chn ni cha th mc
R_Click New Folder nhp tn nhn Enter hoc dng menu: File/New/Folder
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Thao tc vi tp, th mc
! Xa th mc/tp tin:
Chn nhn phm Delete hoc R_Click Delete hoc dng menu File Delete
! Phc hi th mc tp tin: D_Click ln biu tng Recycle Bin chn i tng cn phc hi
R_Click Delete hoc dng menu File Restore
! i tn th mc/tp tin:
Chn i tng File/ Rename hoc Nhn F2 hoc R_Click & chn Rename Nhp tn mi & g Enter kt thc
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Mng my tnh Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Khi nim
l mt tp hp gm nhiu my tnh hoc thit b x l thng tin c kt ni vi nhau qua cc ng truyn ! Mc ch:
trao i thng tin gia cc my tnh chia s ti nguyn
! V d:
Mng ti Trung tm My tnh, Vin CNTT &TT, Trng HBK H Ni Mng LAN ca qun Game Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
! 1950s: my tnh xut hin ! 1960s: mng my tnh xut hin. Ban u: 1 my tnh ln kt ni nhiu trm cui (terminal) ! 1970s: mng my tnh : kt ni cc my tnh c lp ! Quy m v phc tp ca mng cng tng
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Mng my tnh Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Theo quy m a l
! LAN (Local Area Network ):
mng cc b, trong phm vi nh (v d bn knh t vi mt n 1km) s my tnh khng qu nhiu, mng khng qu phc tp VD: mng ti qun Internet, Game, mng cng ty, trng hc, ...
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Mng my tnh Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
! ! ! !
My tnh : nt mng V mng (card mng) (Network Interface Card, NIC ) Cc thit b kt ni mng: HUB, SWITCH, ROUTER, ... ng truyn: c dy hoc khng dy
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Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
! H iu hnh mng: phn mm iu khin hot ng ca mng ! Cc phn mm mng cho my tnh: thng c sn trong h iu hnh ! Cc ng dng trn mng: Email, h qun tr CSDL, ...
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
th hin : ! cch kt ni my tnh vi nhau (topology ): im-im (point-to-point) v qung b (broadcast) ! qui c truyn d liu (giao thc- protocol ) gia cc my tnh
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Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Tng quan v HTMT T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu h iu hnh Mng my tnh Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Khi nim
! Internet l mt mng my tnh c quy m ton cu (GAN), gm rt nhiu mng con v my tnh ni vi nhau bng nhiu loi phng tin truyn ! Internet khng thuc s hu ca ai c. Ch c cc u ban iu phi v k thut gip iu hnh Internet ! Ban u l mng ARPANET ca B Quc phng M (DoD)
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Cc dch v chnh
! Cc dch v chnh:
Truyn thng tin (FTP, File Transfer Protocol) Truy nhp my tnh t xa (telnet) Web (WWW) tm kim v khai thc thng tin trn mng Th in t (E-mail) Tn gu (Chat) trn mng ...
! Li ch:
truyn tin, ph bin tin, thu thp tin, trao i tin nhanh chng, thun tin, r tin yu t khng th thiu trong thi i ngy nay mi lnh vc
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
1974: khi nim Internet xut hin 1983: ARPANET tch thnh MILNET(qun i) v NSFnet (nghin cu) 1987: NSFnet c m ca cho cc c nhn 1988: Internet hnh thnh 1997: Vit Nam kt ni Internet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hIQjrMHTv4
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
! Gi tt l Web, ng dng chy trn Internet ! L mt h thng bao gm cc ti liu siu vn bn (hypertext) c th truy cp qua Internet ! Cc ti liu c th cha cc lin kt ti cc ti liu khc c th trn my tnh khc bt k ni no trn th gii
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Mt s giao thc
! Giao thc (Protocol ): Tp cc qui c truyn thng ! HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol ): Giao thc c s dng truyn cc trang Web (siu vn bn) ! HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure ): Giao thc bo mt cho cc giao dch b mt (confidential) ! FTP (File Transfer Protocol ): giao thc truyn tp tin ! SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ) : giao thc truyn th tn n gin ! POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3 ), IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol ): giao thc ly th in t t server ! ...
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Website v URL
! Website: Tp hp nhiu trang web (webpage) c t trn 1 my tnh trong mng Internet v c chung mt a ch Internet
v d: http://www.hut.edu.vn , http://www.google.com
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Cu trc URL
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Mt s website ph bin
! Tm kim: gip tm kim nhanh chng cc thng tin, ti liu lin quan n mt hoc vi t kha hoc cc tiu ch khc
http://www.google.com : trang tm kim khng l v c s dng nhiu nht, thng xuyn c nng cp, ci tin. http://scholar.google.com : h tr tm kim chuyn v cc ti liu khoa hc. http://www.search.yahoo.com/ http://baamboo.com/ http://www.altavista.com/ http://www.tineye.com/, http://www.gazopa.com/, http://labs.ideeinc.com/, ...: tm kim nh da trn ni dung
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Mt s website ph bin
! t in trc tuyn:
Vit-Anh/Php/Nht/,...: http://www.vdict.com, http://www.tratu.baamboo.com, ... Anh-Anh: http://dictionary.msn.com Anh-Php-Nht -Hn-c-Ty Ban Nha-...: http://www.wordreference.com
Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Mt s website ph bin
! mng gio dc: http://www.edu.net.vn ! th in t min ph: http://mail.google.com, http://mail.yahoo.com, http://www.hotmail.com, ... ! nghe nhc trc tuyn: http://mp3.zing.vn, http://www.nghenhac.info, http://www.nhacso.net, ... ! c truyn trc tuyn: http://www.vnthuquan.net, ... ! bo in t: http://www.vnexpress.net, http://www.vietnamnet.vn, http://www.dantri.com.vn, www.24h.com.vn, http://www.hanoimoi.com.vn, ... ! xem truyn hnh trc tuyn: http://www.vtc.com.vn/, ... ! xem video: http://www.youtube.com, ...
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
Mt s website ph bin
! Chia s d liu trc tuyn
chia s d liu ln cho nhiu ngi nu dng min ph: hn ch dung lng ti a (100MB), thi gian ti a thng 7 n 10 ngy v d:
http://www.yousendit.com/ http://www.esnips.com/ http://www.box.net/ www.rapidshare.com www.megaupload.com ...
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Tng quan T chc bn trong my tnh Phn mm my tnh Gii thiu HH Mng my tnh
Lch s pht trin Phn loi mng my tnh Cc thnh phn c bn Mng Internet
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