Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c

MC LC
Li cm n........................................................................................................... 2
Chng I : Phn m u......................................................................................3
1. t vn ................................................................................................. 3
2. Mc tiu v ni dung thc hin.................................................................3
Chng II : Quy trnh cng ngh x l nc thi nh my si............................4
1. Ngnh cng nghip sn xut si...............................................................4
2. La chn quy trnh cng ngh...................................................................5
3. Thuyt minh cng ngh............................................................................. 7
4. M t cc cng trnh n v......................................................................8
Chng III : Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh trong h thng.............................12
A. nh gi cht lng nc thi theo cc quy chun hin hnh...................12
B. Tnh ton cc cng trnh............................................................................12
1. Ngn tip nhn v Mng dn...................................................................12
2. Song chn rc.............................................................................................14
3. B lng ng t 1.....................................................................................19
4. B UASB.................................................................................................... 23
5. B Aerotank................................................................................................ 27
6. B lng ng t 2.....................................................................................33
7. B kh trng............................................................................................... 36
C. Thit k cc cng trnh x l bn cn........................................................41
1. Tnh ton lng bn pht sinh....................................................................41
2. B nn bn.................................................................................................. 42
3. B Metan.................................................................................................... 45
4. Sn phi bn............................................................................................... 50
Kt lun................................................................................................................ 51
SVTH: Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Li cm n
Em xin chn thnh cm n tt c cc Thy c trong khoa Mi trng tn
tnh gip em trong sut qu trnh hc tp. Em xin c cm n nhng Thy C
trc tip ging dy em cng nh nhng Thy C gin tip ch bo v gip
em trong vic tm kim ti liu trong sut qu trnh thc hin bi n ny.
Em xin c gi li cm n su sc nht ca mnh n Thy Nguyn Minh
c-ngi tn tnh hng dn em trong sut qu trnh hc mn hc ny .
Nhng kinh nghim qu bu m Thy truyn t s l hnh trang gip em t tin v
c nhiu hiu bit hn i vi ngh nghip sau ny.
Tuy em c nhiu c gng nhng bi n ca em khng th khng trnh
khi nhng sai st. Em rt mong s nhn c nhng kin ng gp qu bu t
pha cc Thy C trong khoa.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
2
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
CHNG I. PHN M U
1. t vn
Ngnh cng nghip sn xut si l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip chim
v tr kh quan trng trong nn kinh t nc ta. Trc nm 1990, hu ht trang
thit b, my mc, dy chuyn cng ngh trong cc nh my si u c k, lc
hu, trnh v cht lng sn phm cn thp. Trong nhng nm gn y, do s
u t cng ngh v thit b hin i, cc nh my si khng ngng nng cao
cht lng sn phm.
Tuy nhin nc thi ca ngnh cng nghip si lun cha mt lng ln cc cht
hu c bao gm cc hp cht ca cc loi phm nhum ca cacbon, nit, phtpho,
TSS. Cc cht ny d b phn hy bi cc vi sinh vt, gy mi thi lm nhim
ngun nc tip nhn.
Phn ln cht rn l lng c trong nc thi ngnh cng nghip sn xut si
dng hu c v 1 phn dng v c. Khi thi ra mi trng t nhin, cc cht ny
c kh nng lng v to thnh mt lp dy y ngun nc, ph hy h sinh vt
lm thc n cho c. Lp bn lng ny cn cha cc cht hu c c th lm cn
kit oxy trong nc v to ra cc lai kh nh H
2
S, CO
2
, CH
4
. ngoi ra, trong nc
thi cn cha mt lng ng kh ln gy nhim ngun nc.
Chnh v tm quan trng ca cng tc bo v mi trng, ti v x l nc
thi ngnh cng nghip sn xut si mang tnh thc t. ti s gp phn a ra
cc quy trnh x l chung cho loi nc thi ny, gip cc nh my c th t x l
trc khi x ra cng that chung, nhm thc hin tt nhng quy nh v mi
trng ca nh nc.
2. Mc tiu v ni dung thc hin
Mc tiu ca ti l thit k h thng x l nc thi nh my sn xut si
t tiu chun loi A khi thi ra ngun tip nhn.
Ni dung ca ti :
+. Nghin cu c s l thuyt.
+. Thu thp cc phng n x l nc thi ngnh cng nghip si.
+. Phn tch la chn phng n cng ngh kh thi x l nc thi nh my sn
xut si
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
3
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
CHNG II. QUY TRNH CNG NGH X L NC THI NH MY
SN XUT SI
Theo cc ti liu nghin cu, cht lng v lu lng nc thi tng hp ca
nh my si thay i nhiu trong ngy. Trong cht nhim hu c ng vai tr
ch yu.
1.Ngnh cng nghip Sn xut si
Quy trnh sn xut cc loi si khc nhau c thc hin qua cc cng on
tng t nhau. u tin, x c lm sch nhm loi b cc tp cht nh ct,
bi v v cy. Ty theo yu cu sn phm, x c pha trn theo t l v ko
di di dng ci si cc x gn nh l song song m khng xon vo
nhau. Qu trnh pha trn c tip tc bng cch kt hp cc cun ci v xe
mnh, c gi l ko dui. Vic loi b cc x si qu ngn v m bo chc
chn rng x si trong con ci u nm trong gii hn chiu di nht nh c
gi l chi th. Cng on chi k s tip tc lm cc si song song vi nhau
v lp li cho n khi khng c hoc cn rt t si b qun vo nhau. Lc ny,
x si c gi l si th c bn khng b t khi b ko si. Cui
cng, x si ng nht dng si th c ko v xe li to ra si thnh
phm. S sn xut si c th hin trong Hnh v
Cht thi sinh ra ch yu trong bc u tin khi lm sch x v khi chi th.
Cht thi sinh ra trong qu trnh lm sch x cotton thng l cnh con, l v
t. X len th cha khong 50% tp cht dng du m t nhin, v nc
m (m hi do c th thot ra). Cc loi tp cht ny c loi b bng cch
nu trong dung dch x phng c cha kim. Khong 25% la th c cha
nha t, c th loi b bng cch nu t trong dung dch x phng m c.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
4
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Hnh : S qu trnh sn xut si
2. La chn quy trnh cng ngh
Mt cch tng qut, i vi vic la chn phng n trong cng trnh hiu
kh l s dng aeroten hoc biophin u l nhng m hnh x l nc thi ang
c p dng rng ri ti Vit Nam. Hai phng n u c th vn hnh d dng
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
X
Lm sch
Trn v pha
Ko dui
(to thnh ci
si)
Cht th (loi b
s ngn)
Chi k
(tip tc lm thong si do ko
dui)
Xe si
(hnh thnh si)
Si
Tp cht
Tp cht
5
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
trong iu kin nc ta. i vi dy chuyn x l nc thi s dng b aerotank
th ta ch n liu lng bn, lu lng kh phi iu chnh ngay khi cn
thit. Cn i vi dy chuyn x l s dng biofil th ta ch n kh nng x l
ca lp vt kiu lc, vic qun l phi bao gm c vc v sinh v thay th lp vt
liu lc nu cn.
Trong phng n s dng b biophin th vc xy dng sn phi bn i hi
phi cn din tch ln hn l u t my nn bn. Din tch xy dng ca aerotank
cng tng i nh hn din tch xy dng biofil . V vy, nu xt v phng din
mt bng cn thit xy dng h thng x l nc thi th phng n x l hiu
kh bng aeroten kh thi hn so vi phng n x l hiu kh bng biophin
S dy chuyn cng ngh :
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
6
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
3. Thuyt minh cng ngh
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
Nc thi
B mtan
Sn phi bn
Vn chuyn
Cp kh
Ngn tip nhn
B lng lng ng
t II
B tip xc
Mng trn
Bn
d
Bn
tun
hon
Cn ti
B nn cn
vn chuyn Song chn rc
B lng iu ha
B lng lng ng
t I
Aeroten
Clo
B UASB
7
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Nc thi sn xut c dn theo ng thot nc ring ra h thng x l
nc thi. Dng thi sau khi qua song chn rc (SCR) u mi cng thu chy
qua b iu ha c t na ni na chm trn mt t, y s iu ha lu
lng v n nh nc trc khi chy sang cac cng trnh tip theo. Sau tip
tc bm nc thi qua b lng ng 1 loi b 1 lng ln TSS v 1 phn nh
BOD
5
, COD. Tip tc, nc thi t chy qua b k kh kiu m bn chy ngc
UASB x l s b nh p lc thy tnh, v nc thi si c c trng l COD
u vo kh ln. Sau khi x l ym kh, u ra b UASB l kh sinh hc c thu
gi li lm biogas, phn nc c gim bt ti lng cht hu c t chy qua
aerotank x l hiu kh. Ti y xy ra qu trnh x l sinh hc, kh c thi
vo b bng cc a phn phi kh nhm tng cng s xo trn cht bn v oxi
trong khng kh ng thi gi cho bn trng thi l lng . Sau thi gian lu,
nc t aerotank t chy qua b lng 2 lng bn .Tip theo, nc trong t mng
thu nc aerotank t chy qua b tip xc, kh trng bng Clo vi d lng l 0,5
mg/l, sau 30 pht chy ra cng thu nc v chy vo mng li thot nc chung
ca thnh ph . Bn t b lng c a vo b cha bn sau khi n nh bn
c bm tun hon 1 phn vo b aerotank, phn cn li bm qua b nn bn
trng lc sau tip tc cho qua b metan n nh bn trong iu kin ym kh
v thu hi kh meetan.Bn to thnh sau li c em ra sn phi bn , ri
mi c s dng em i bn rung, trng cy hoc chn lp hp v sinh .
u im:
- Hiu qu x l cao, nc sau khi x l c th thi trc tip ra ngoi mi trng.
- C th thu hi nng lng b UASB cung cp cho qu trnh sn xut.
- Bn c x l lm phn bn.
Nhc im:
- C nhiu cng trnh n v do chi ph u t cao.
- Chim mt din tch kh ln.
4. M t cc cng trnh n v:
4.1. Song chn rc
tch trong nc thi ngi ta dng song chn rc. Hiu sut ca qu trnh
tch cht rn bng phng php ny ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
8
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
c tnh c hc ca song, li: kch thc mt sn, khong cch gia cc thanh
chn, lu lng dng chy v iu kin dng chy.
Tnh cht nc thi :nng cht rn, kch thc ca b ma cn tch,
i vi nc thi nh my sn xut si, c th dng song chn rc vi cc thanh
an xp cnh nhau trn mng dn nc trc hm bm v co rc th cng.
u im:
- n gin, r tin, d lp t.
- Gi li tt c cc tp vt ln.
Nhc im:
- Khng x l, ch gi li tm thi cc tp vt ln.
- Lm tng tr lc h thng theo thi gian.
- Phi x l rc th cp
4.2. H thu gom
Thu gom nc thi t cc dy chuyn sn xut ca nh my. Gip cho h
thng x l nc hot ng n nh v hiu qa
4.3. B iu ha (iu ha lu lng v cht lng)
t sau ngn tip nhn v trc b lng 1. Do lu lng, thnh phn, tnh cht
nc thi ca nh my si ty thuc vo dy chuyn sn xut nn thng dao
ng nhiu trong mt ngy m. n nh ch dng chy cng nh cht
lng nc u vo cho cc cng trnh x l pha sau, cn thit phi c mt b
iu ha lu lng v nng . Dung tch b c chn theo thi gian iu ha,
da vo biu thay i lu lng, nng nc thi v yu cu mc iu
ha nng nc thi.
4.4. B lng ng 1
Loi b 1 phn SS v cht hu c to iu kin thun li cho vic x l sinh
hc cng trnh sau. Nu b lng c thit k hp l th c th loi b c 1
khong 10-20 %BOD v COD trong nc thi
4.5. B UASB
- UASB l b x l sinh hc k kh dng chy ngc qua lp bn, pht trin mnh
H Lan. X l bng phng php k kh l phng php c ng dng x l
cc loi cht thi c hm lng hu c tng i cao, kh nng phn hy sinh hc
tt, nhu cu nng lng thp v sn sinh nng lng mi.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
9
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
- V qu trnh phn hy k kh di tc dng ca bn hot tnh l qu trnh sinh
hc phc tp trong mi trng khng c oxi, nn bn nui cy ban u phi c
hot tnh methane. hot tnh methane cng cao th thi gian khi ng (thi
gian vn hnh ban u t n ti trng thit k) cng ngn. Bn hot tnh dng
cho b UASB nn ly bn ht hoc bn ly t mt b x l k kh l tt nht, c
th s dng bn cha nhiu cht hu c nh bn t b t hoi, phn gia sc hoc
phn chung.
- Nng bn nui cy ban u cho b UASB ti thiu l 10Kg VSS/ m
3
. Lng
bn cho vo b khng nn nhiu hn 60% th tch b.
- Trc khi vn hnh b UASB cn phi xem xt thnh phn tnh cht nc thi
cn x l c th nh hm lng cht hu c, kh nng phn hy sinh hc ca
nc thi, tnh m, hm lng cht dinh dng, hm lng cn l lng, cc hp
cht c, nhit nc thi
- Khi COD nh hn 100 mg/L, x l nc thi bng UASB khng thch hp. Khi
COD ln hn 50.000 mg/L, cn pha long nc thi hoc tun hon nc u ra.
- UASB khng thch hp i vi nc thi c hm lng SS ln. Khi nng cn
l lng ln hn 3.000 mg/L, cn ny kh c th phn hy sinh hc c trong thi
gian lu nc ngn v s tch ly dn trong b, gy tr ngi cho qu trnh phn
hy nc thi. Tuy nhin, nu lng cn ny b cun tri ra khi b th khng c
tr ngi g. Cn l lng s lu li trong b hay khng ty thuc vo kch thc ht
cn v ht bn nui cy. Khi kch thc ca hai loi cn ny gn nh nhau, cn l
lng s tch li trong b. Khi s dng bn ht, cn l lng s d dng b cun tri
ra khi b. i khi, lng cn l lng ny c th b phn hy trong b. Lc , cn
bit tc phn hy ca chng tnh thi gian lu cn trong b.
- Da vo cc yu t trn c th khng nh s dng UASB cho cng ngh s l
nc thi sn xut si l hp l.
4.6. B aerotank
Ty thuc vo loi cht nhim c th s dng b aerotank vi cc vi sinh vt
c nui cy trong bn hot tnh oxy ha cht hu c trong iu kin nhn
to. M hnh ny c thc hin bng cch cung cp oxy cho vi sinh vt sinh
trng v pht trin qua vic tiu th cht hu c .
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
10
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Bn hot tnh l loi bn xp cha nhiu vi sinh vt c kh nng oxy ha v
khong ha cht hu c cha trong nc thi. gi cho bn hot tnh trng
thi l lng v m bo oxy cho vi sinh vt s dng trong qu trnh phn hy
cht hu c phi lun cung cp y khng kh cho b aerotank hot ng. Sau
b aerotank nc thi vo b lng t 2 tch bn hot tnh. y, mt phn
bn lng c a tr li b aerotank to mm vi sinh vt trong b, phn khc
a ti b nn bn.
Khi lng bn tun hon v lng khng kh cn cung cp ph thuc vo
mc yu cu x l ca nc thi.
Hiu qu x l BOD
5
=90-95%.
Vic la chn cng ngh x l ty theo thnh phn tnh cht nc thi, chi ph
u t qun l v din tch mt bng khu x l .
4.7. B lng II
t sau aerotank , nhim v lm trong nc phn trn x ra ngun tip
nhn , c c bn hot tnh n nng nht nh phn di ca b tun
hon li aerotank.
Thng c dng trn ( b lng ng ,b radial ) , dng hnh ch nht ( b lng
ngang ).B lng ngang , ch nht thng c hiu qu lng thp hn b lng trn v
cn lng tch ly cc gc b thng b my gt cn khuy ng tri theo dng
nc vo mng thu nc ra .
4.8. B nn bn
Thu gom cn cha n nh t b lng 1, b lng 2 v cn n nh t aerotank
nhm lm gim bt m .
4.9. B Mtan
B Metan p dng n nh bn cn nc thi trong iu kin ym kh v
thu hi kh metan. Cho php a vo b cc cht hu c khc nhau nh rc t
song chn, cc loi ph liu c ngun gc hu c ca cc x nghip cng nghip
sau khi nghin nh.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
11
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Chng III : Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh trong h thng
A. nh gi CLN thi theo cc quy chun hin hnh
Bng nh gi cht lng nc thi ca nh my sn xut si
Tnh cht/Loi nc thi
NT sn
xut
si C Cmax nh gi
Cng sut (m3/ng) 8300
H s khng iu ha Kmax 1.3
Cao Mc nc thp nht 30
Loi ngun tip nhn A
pH 7.6 6-9 5.5-9 t
BOD5 (mg/L) 590 30 27 X l
COD (mg/L) 767 50 45 X l
TSS (mg/L) 300 50 45 X l
Tng N (mg/L) 18 15 13.5 X l
Tng P (mg/L) 2 4 3.6 t
Tng Coliform (MPN/100ml) 5300 3000 2700 t

dn s tnh ton theo BOD (ngi ) 75338
Dn s tnh ton theo TSS (ngi) 41500
h s lu lng ngun tip nhn k
q
1 QCVN24:2009/BTNMT
H s lu lng ngun thi k
f
0.9
cng sut (l/s) 96
B. Tnh ton cc cng trnh
1 .Ngn tip nhn v Mng dn nc
Nc thi ca nh my sn xut si c bm t ngn thu nc thi trong
tram bm ln ngn tip nhn nc thi theo ng ng c p.
Kch thc ngn tip nhn ph thuc vo cng sut ca trm v c ly theo
bng 16-3 gio trnh Thot nc tp 2-Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut -2002
Lu lng nc thi Q =8300 m
3
/ng = 345.8 m
3
/h
Kch thc ngn tip nhn:
A= 1500 (mm) B=1000 (mm) H= 1300(mm)
H
1
=1000(mm)
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
12
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
h=400(mm) h
1
=650mm b=500 (mm) l=600(mm)
l
1
=800(mm)
Dng 2 ng ng dn c ng knh 250(mm) a nc thi ln ngn tip
nhn
Nc thi c dn n t ngn tip nhn n cc cng trnh tip theo bng
mng c tit din hnh ch nht
Kt qu tnh ton thu lc mng dn nc thi sau ngn tip nhn
Mng tip nhn nc thi :
Thng s tnh ton Q= 96 (l/s)
dc 0.0057
Chiu rng(mm) 300
Chiu cao (mm) 400
Vn tc (m/s) 1.249
su (m) 0.256
- Chiu cao xy dng mng :
H = h + h
bv
Trong :
h : chiu cao lp nc trong mng , h =0,256 (m)
h
bv :
chiu cao bo v mng , h
bv
=0.3 (m)
Chiu cao xy dng mng : H = 0.256 +0.3 =0.556 (m)
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
13
B
b
h
A
Ngn tip nhn
H
Nc thi vo
Ngn tip nhn
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
2.Tnh ton song chn rc
Trong hu ht cc cng trnh x l nc thi bng bin php x l c hc u
c song chn rc (bar-rack/screen). Song chn rc l hng mc cng trnh x l s
b u tin nhm ngn gi rc bn th gm giy, bc nylon, cht do, c cy, v
hp, g, ... Cc loi rc ny c th lm tt nghn ng dn nc hoc lm
h hng my bm. Song chn rc l mt hay nhiu lp thanh an xen k vi
nhau (cn gi l mc song) t ngang ng dn nc thi. Rc sau khi ly ra
khi nc thi thng c em qua b phn nghin (grinder), t hoc chn ty
theo mc , kinh ph v cng ngh
i vi song chn rc, ta c th phn bit:
Theo khe h ca song chn c 3 kch c: loi th ln (30 - 200 mm), loi
trung bnh (16 - 30 mm), loi nh (di 16 mm ).
Theo cu to ca song chn: loi c nh v loi di ng.
Theo phng cch ly rc: loi th cng v loi c gii.
Thanh an trong song chn c th c hnh trn ( = 8 - 10 mm) hoc hnh ch
nht (tit din ngang (s x b) = 10 x 40 mm, 8 x 60 mm, ...). Hnh trn th thun li
cho dng chy nhng kh co rc, cn hnh ch nht th gy tn tht dng chy.
C nhiu hnh dng khc, tt nht l hnh bu dc, nhng chi ph loi ny cao.
Hnh 3.2: Cc kch thc v hnh dng ca thanh chn rc
Mt s lu khi thit k song chn rc:
Khng ch tc dng chy nc thi qua song chn t 0,5 - 1,0 m/s.
Nu lng rc W > 0,1 m3/ngy th c th ly rc bng tay.
Nu lng rc W 0,1 m3/ngy th c th ly rc bng c gii.
Song chn rc c t nhng knh trc khi nc vo trm x l. Hai bn
tng knh phi cha mt khe h d dng lp t v thay th song chn. V
song chn lm co hp tit din t ca dng chy nn ti v tr t song chn tit
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
14
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
din knh phi c m rng. trnh to thnh dng chy ri knh phi m
rng dn dn vi mt gc = 20
o
.
Nc thi sau khi qua ngn tip nhn c dn ti song chn rc theo mng
h. Chn 2 song chn rc cng tc,1 song d phng. Trong ta s dng SCR c
gii.
Q
tb
= 8300 m
3
\ng.d = 96 l/s
S dng Flowhy => Kch thc mng tng :
+ chiu rng: 300 mm
+ chiu cao : 400 mm
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
15
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Tnh ton lu lng ca tng mng chia i
Q
1/2m
= Q
tb
/ 2 = 96/2 = 48 l/s
S dng flowhy => Kch thc ca tng mng chia i :
+ chiu rng 200 mm
+ chiu cao 300 mm
+ su = 0.163 m
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
16
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
- Chiu cao lp nc song chn rc ly bng chiu cao lp nc cng dn
nc thi h = 0.163 m
- S khe h song chn rc c tnh :
n =
q
k
N v b h

=
0.096
1.05
2 1 0.016 0.163

= 20 khe
trng : k=1.3
n : l s khe h
q=q
tb
=96 l/s = 0.096 m
3
/s lu lng ca nc thi
v : tc nc chy qua song chn rc(0.8-1 m/s).chn v= 1m/s
b= 0.016 m l khong cch gia cc khe h ca song chn
N : s mng t song chn rc, N= 2
- chiu rng mi song chn rc c tnh :
B
s
= S(n
1
- 1) +b

n
1
= 0.008

(20-1)+0.016

20 = 0.472 m
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
17
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Vi S-chiu dy thanh song chn = 0.008 m
- di phn m rng l
1
:
L
1
= 1.37

(B
s
- B
m
)= 1.37

(0.472-0.2) =0.37 m
Vi B
m
l chiu rng mng dn trong ngn t song chn rc, B
m
=0.4 m
- di phn thu hp l
2
c tnh theo cu to:
L
2
= 0.5

l
1
= 0.5

0.37=0.19 m
Chiu di on mng m rng chn theo cu to l=2 m. Vy chiu di mng
chn rc l:
L
XD
= l
1
+l
2
+l = 0.37+0.19+2=2.56 m
- Tn tht p lc qua song chn :

2
2
k
s
v
h k
g

Trong : v
k
=1.249 m/s(Q=96 l/s),vn tc nc knh trc song chn.
K=3,h s tnh n h s tn tht p lc do rc mc vo song chn.

- h s tn tht cc b qua sng chn

3/ 4
( ) sin
S
b

Vi :

= 2.42

= 60
0
: gc nghing ca song chn so vi mt phng nm ngang
=>
3/ 4 0
0.008
2.42( ) sin 60 0.83
0.016

Tn tht qua song chn rc :
2
1.249
0.83 3 0.2
2 9.81

s
h m
Chiu cao xy dng t song chn rc:
H
XD
= h
max
+h
s
+h
bv
=

0.163+0.2+0.5=0.863 m
Vi h
bv
=0.5 m- chiu cao bo v
- Lng rc ly ra t song chn c tnh:
aN
TT
W =
r
3651000
Trong : a lng rc tnh theo u ngi trong 1 nm, a =8 l/ngi/nm
N
TT
dn s tnh ton theo cht l lng
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
18
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
=>
841500
W = =0,9
r
3651000
m
3
/ngy m
Vi dung trng rc l 750 kg/m
3
th trng lng rc trong ngy s l :
P = 750 * 0,9 = 675 (kg/ng) =0,675 T/ng
Rc c vt ln bng c gii v a n my nghin sau dn tr li song chn
rc. Lng nc cn cung cp cho my nghin theo tiu chun l 40m
3
/T
Do ta phi cung cp 1 lng nc trong 1 ngy m l;
Q = 40 * 0,675 = 27 m
3
/ng
3. B lng ng t 1
Nc thi sau khi qua b iu ha c dn n b lng ng t 1, B lng
ng t I c dng gi li cc tp cht khng tan trong nc thi(cc cn l
lng). B lng t 1 l mt trong nhng tin trnh x l nc thi c in nht, n
c nhim v gi li cc cht khng ha tan, tri l lng trong nc thi. Cc cht
c th b gi li trong b gm:
Cc cht rn c kh nng lng;
Cc cht du, m v cc vt liu ni khc;
Mt phn cc cht thi hu c.
Theo tc gi Gerard Kiely (Environmental engineering, 1997), nu b lng s
cp c thit k v vn hnh tt th c khong 50 - 70 % cht rn l lng b gi
li v lm gim 25 - 40 % hm lng BOD5 trc khi i vo vic x l bng
phng php sinh hc.
Chn b lng ng thit k khi cng trnh c cng sut ca trm x l nh
hn 20000 m
3
/ng.d v nhng ni t chc,mc nc ngm thp (TCXDVN 51-
2008).
Chn 4 b lng ng :
Bn knh mi b lng ng l:
R =
Trong :
Q : Lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi (m
3
/h)
K H s ph thuc loi b lng v cu to
U
0
th thy lc ca ht cn ,c xc nh theo cng thc :
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
19
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
U
0
=
Trong :
N - H s kt t,ph thuc vo tnh cht ca cht l lng ca cc loi ht ch
yu ,xc nh bng thc nghim ph thuc vo tnh cht ca cn trong nc thi,
n=0.25
H- chiu su tnh ton ca vng lng ly 2.7-3.8 m(TCXDVN iu 5.60 ,51-
2008,), chn H=3m
K- h s ph thuc loi b lng v cu to ca thit b phn phi v thu nc, di
vi b lng ng K= 0.35
h s tnh n nh hng nhit ca nc thi .
Theo bng 7-10 TCXDVN 51-2008,vi nhit ca nc thi l t =20
0
C , ta c
= 1
t thi gian lng ca nc thi trong bnh hnh tr vi chiu su lp nc h
t hiu qu lng bng hiu qu lng tnh ton v c ly theo bng 7-12
TCXDVN -2008
Vi C
HH
= 300(mg/l) ,chn hiu sut lng 50% ,ta c t= 640(s)
Tr s tra theo bng 7-13 TCXDVN 51-2008
H =3m chiu cao cng tc ca b lng.
Vi H = 3 m ta c = 1.21
: Vn tc cn ca dng chy theo thnh phn ng tra bng 7-11
TCXDVN 51-2008.
Vi vn tc v =6 (mm/s) ta c = 0.02 (mm/s).
0
1000 0.35 3
0.02
1 640 1.21
U



= 1.34 (mm/s)
B lng c dng gi li cc tp cht th khng tan trong nc thi. Chn
s b lng ng l 4 b lu lng vo mt b l Q = 8300/4 = 2075 m/ngd
= 0.024 m/s = 24 l/s
- Din tch tit din t ca b lng ng
1
Q
F
V

= 0.096/0.0006 = 160 m
2

SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
20
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Trong : V: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong b lng ng, thng <
0.7mm/s. chn V = 0.0006 m/s
- Din tch tit din t ca ng trung tm
tt
Q
f
V

= 0.096/0.025 = 3.84 m
Trong : V
tt
: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong ng trung tm, ly khng
ln hn 30 (mm/s) (iu 6.5.9 TCXD-51-84).
Chn V
tt
= 25 (mm/s) = 0,025 (m/s)
- Din tch tng cng ca b lng:
F = F
1
+ f = 160 + 3.84 = 162.84 (m)
- ng knh ca b lng, chn s n nguyn lm vic ca b lng n=4 b.
4 160
7.14
4 3.14
F
D m

(tha mn D = 49m)
- ng knh ng trung tm:
4 3.84
1.11
4 3.14
f
d m

- Chiu cao tnh ton ca vng lng trong b lng ng:
h
tt
= V x t = 0,0006*1.5*3600 = 3,24 (m) (tha mn h = 2.73.8 m)
Trong : t: Thi gian lu nc trong ngn lng, ly t=1.5 h
V: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong b lng ng, v=0.6mm/s
- Chiu cao vng chp ct.
0
2
7.14 0.5
50 3.96
2 2
n
D d
h tg tg m


Trong :
D: ng knh trong ca b lng, D = 7.14 (m)
d
n
: ng knh y nh ca hnh nn ct, ly d
n
= 0,5 m
: gc ngang ca y b lng so vi phng ngang, khng nh hn 50
0
(theo
iu 6.5.9 tcvn 51-84). Chn = 50
0
- Chiu cao ca ng trung tm ly bng chiu cao tnh ton ca vng lng v bng
3,24 m.
.- ng knh phn loe ca ng trung tm ly bng chiu cao ca phn ng loe v
bng 1,35 ng knh ng trung tm(theo iu 6.5.9 tcvn 51-84):
D
l
= h
l
= 1,35 d = 1,35 x 1.11 = 1.4985 (m), chn D
1
= 1.5 (m)
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
21
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
- ng knh tm chn: ly bng 1,3 ng knh ming loe v bng:
D
c
= 1,3 x D
l
= 1,3 x 1.5 = 1.95(m)
- Gc nghing gia b mt tm chn so vi mt phng ngang ly bng 17
0
- Chiu cao tng cng ca b lng ng s l:
H = h
tt
+ h
2
+ h
bv
= 3,24 + 3.96 + 0,3 = 7.5 (m)
Trong : h
bv
- khong cch t mt nc n thnh b, h
bv
= 0.3 (m)
- thu nc lng, dng h thng mng vng chy trn xung quanh thnh b.
Thit k mng thu nc
t theo chu vi vnh trong ca b, ng knh ngoi ca mng chnh l ng
knh trong ca b.
- ng knh mng thu: D
mng
= 80% ng knh b
D
mng
= 0.8 x 7.14 = 5.7 m
- Chiu di mng thu nc:
L = x D
mng
= 3.14 x 5.7 = 17.9 (m)
- Ti trng thu nc trn 1m di ca mng:
3
2075
116 / .
17.9
l
Q
a m mngd
L

Hiu qu x l: (hiu qu x l SS ca b lng t 1 l t 40-60%)(theo TCN 51-
2008)
Chn hiu qu lng l 50% , n l h s ph thuc vo tnh cht ca cht l lng.ly
n=0.25. lng cn trong nc thi l 350 mg/l ni suy theo bng 7.12 tcvn 51-
2008. Thi gian lng ca cn trong b l: 897 s
- Hm lng SS cn li trong dng ra:
Nng TSS dng ra l :
Hiu sut x l ca b lng t I l 50%
( ) ( )
1
1
100 300 100 50
150
100 100
HH
C E
C

mg/l
- Hm lng BOD,COD cn li trong dng ra: (qua b lng t 1 hm lng
BOD v COD gim t 10-20%)
Ly lng BOD
5,
COD qua b lng ng t 1 gim 15%. Vy nng
BOD
5
,COD ra khi b lng l:
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
22
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
o
100 15
590 0.85 502( / )
100
ra v
BOD BOD mg l

o
100 15
767 0.85 652( / )
100
ra v
COD COD mg l

- Lng bn sinh ra mi ngy t b lng t 1.
6
(100 ) 10
hh
c
C Q E K
W
P

Trong :
K l h s tnh n s tng lng cn do c ht l lng ln , K=1.1
C
hh
l hm lng cht l lng trong hn hp ban u.
C
hh
= 300 mg/l
Q l lu lng nc thi ngy m, Q= 7500 m/ng
E l Hiu sut lng b lng ng t 1, E = 60% m/ng
P m ca cn b lng t 1, ly P = 95 %

3
6
300 8300 50 1.1
27.39( / )
(100 95) 10
c
W m ngd



4. B UASB
Nc thi c a t di ln qua lp bn k kh l lng dng ht. Qu
trnh sinh ha din ra khi nc thi tip xc vi lp ht bn ny. Kh sinh ra s ko
cc bng bn ln l lng trong b to ra s khuy trn u gia bn v nc. Khi
ln n nh cc bt kh s va chm vi cc tm chn nghing, cc bt kh c
gii phng t do cn bn c ri xung theo trng lc. Tm chn c t
nghing trong vng tch pha tng tit din, tit din dng chy tng do lm
gim tc lng ca pha rn ti vng ny, bn c tch t trn b mt tm chn
nghing khi ln tch ra v ri xung vng lng.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
23
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Hnh: S cu to b UASB
Ta c :
5
BOD
COD

590
767
=0.77 > 0.5 nn c th s dng x l sinh hc
Nhu cu dinh dng cho b lc sinh hc :
Bng 7.3 ( TCXDVN 51 :2008)
Hn hp nc thi sinh hot v sn xut
Hm lng nh nht phi c ca cc cht
dinh dng
Tng nit (mg/l) Tng pht pho (mg/l)
BOD5 Tnh cho mi 100 mg/l
(i vi cng trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh)
5 1
COD Tnh cho mi 350 mg/l
(i vi cng trnh x l sinh hc ym kh)
5 1
Hm lng tng Nito :N =
767
5 11
350

(mg/l) <18 (t tiu chn)
Hm lng tng Photpho : P =
767
1 2.2
350

(mg/l) > 2(mg/l)
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
24

Nc thi vo
H thng phn
phi nc
Tng bn l lng
Nc thi sau b
UASB
Kh Biogas
Mng thu nc
quanh b
Tng pha nc
pha kh
Vch ngn tch kh
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Cn phi b sung mt lng P =( 2.2 2)*830 =166(g/ng)
Cc cht cha phtpho c th dng b sung l superphosphat hay
axitortophosphoric (TCXDVN 51:2008 iu 7.171)
La chn cc hng s thit k :
Hng s t l theo TSS : Y
TSS
= 0.18 (kgTSS/kgBOD
v
) (tiu chun : 0.1-
0.2)
Hng s t l theo COD :Y
COD
=0.21 (kgCOD
bn
/kg COD
v
) (tiu chun :
0.11 0.23 )
Nng bn lp y : C
s
= 4% (tiu chun :2 -5)
Trng lng ring ca lp bn y : = 1020 (kg/m
3
) (tiu chun : 1020
1040 )
- Ti trng COD trung bnh dng vo :
L
COD
= S
0
*Q = 767/1000*8300 = 6366 ( kgCOD/ng )
- Thi gian lu nc :chn t =7 (gi ) (tiu chun t :6-9)
- Tng th tch ca b x l :
V = Q * t =8300 /24 *7= 2421 (m
3
)
- Chn 5 n nguyn (N) (vi th tch mi n nguyn khng ln hn 500
m
3
) N= 5
- Th tch mi n nguyn l :
V
u
= =
2421
484, 2
5

(m
3
)
- Chn chiu cao ca b x l :H = 6 (tiu chun H >4 m)
- Din tch mi n nguyn l:
A = =
484, 2
80, 7
6

(m
2
)

Chn kch thc ca b hnh ch nht l a x b x h =10,8 x 7,5 x 6 ( A= 80,7 m
2
)
- Kim tra li cc thng s thit k
Tng din tch : A
t
= N*A =5*80,7 = 403,5 (m
2
)
Tng th tch : V
t
= A
t
*H = 403,5 * 6 = 2421 (m
3
)
Thi gian lu nc : t = V
t
/ Q = 2421 /(8300/24) = 7 (gi),
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
25
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
vi Q= 8300 m
3
/ng.d = 8300/24 m
3
/h
- Ti trng thy lc theo th tch :
VHL = Q/V = 8300 / 2421 = 3.42 (m
3
/m
3
.ng)
Ti trng cht hu c theo th tch :
L
v
= Q * S
0
/V = 8300 *0.767 / 2421 =2.62 ( kgCOD/m
3
.ng)
Vn tc hng ln :
v = Q / A = 8300 / 403,5 = 16,8 (m/ngy ) =0.7 (m/gi) tha mn (tc : 0.5-0.7)
- H s phn phi nc vo
S lng ng phn phi :
Gi thit mi ng phn phi phc v 1 din tch A
d
= 3.6 (m
2
) th s lng ng
phn phi s l N
d
= A / A
d
= 403,5 /3,6 = 112(ng) c th :
Theo chiu di ca mi n nguyn (10,8 m) :10 ng
Theo chiu rng ca mi n nguyn (7,5m) :5 ng
- Tnh hiu qu x l
E
COD
= 100 *(1-0.68*t
-0.35
) =100 *(1-0.68*7
-0.35
) = 66 %
E
BOD
= 100 *(1-0.7 *t
-0.50
) = 100 *(1-0.7*7
-0.50
) = 74%
- Tnh ton nng BOD,COD trong dng ra :
Lng COD
ra
= (1- E
COD
) x COD
vo
= (1 0.66) x 652 = 222 mg/l
Lng BOD
ra
= (1- E
BOD
) x BOD
vo
= (1-0.74) x 502 = 131 mg/l
- Tnh ton lng kh metan sinh ra :
COD
CH4
= Q *
= ( ) 8300 0.767 0.260 021 0.767 2871 1
]
kgCOD/ng
K
(t)
= (P*K
COD
)/ = (1*64)/ =2.63 (kgCOD/m
3
)
Q
CH4
= COD
CH4
/K
(t)
= 2871 / 2.63 =1091 (m
3
/ng)
- Tnh ton lng kh sinh hc sinh ra:
Gi s hm lng metan chim 75%
Q
g
= Q
CH4
/0.75 =1091 / 0.75 =1455 (m
3
/ng)
- Tnh ton lng bn to ra :
P
s
= Y * L
COD
=0.18 * 6366 =1145.88 (kgTSS/ng)
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
26
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
V
s
= P
s
/( *C
s
) =1145.88 /(1020 * 0.04) =28.1 (m
3
/ng)
5. Tnh ton thit k b aeroten
Sau khi nc thi c cho qua b UASB th nng BOD, COD u ra,
cha m yu cu do o chng phi c x l qua 1 cng on na l x l hiu
kh bng b aeroten
Aeroten dng x l sinh hc hon ton hoc khng hon ton cc loi nc thi
th hay nc thi sn xut. B aeroten c 2 loi: aeroten trn v aeroten
y. Aeroten y dng khi trm x l nc thi c cng sut ln hn 10.000
m3/ngy. Aeroten trn p dng vi cng sut va v nh di 20.000 m3/ngy..
Da vo cng sut ca nh my l
3
8300 / Q m ngd , vi cng sut ny ta vn
c th chn b aeroten trn. v theo iu 7.124 Khi thit k Aeroten cn cn c
vo cc yu t sau:
- Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi.
- Nhu cu oxy sinh ho BOD5 .
- Hiu qu s dng khng kh
Nc thi sau khi x l k kh th thnh phn nhim v cht hu c vn cn kh
cao, c th
153 / BOD mg l
,
260 / COD mg l
.
Hn na b aeroten trn cn thit b khuy trn mnh, pha long cht hu c,
vic cn phi cung cp 1 nng lng ln cho ng c
-Tnh ton thi gian theo iu kin Nitrat ha.
1. Xc nh tc tng trng ring ca vi khun Nitrat ha trong iu kin vn
hnh n nh:
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
27
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
0.098( 15) o 0
max
o 2 0
( ) ( ) ( ) (1 0.833(7.2 )
T v
N N
N v O
N C
e pH
K N K C



+ +

Nmax
= 0.42 ngy
-1
20
0
C (bng 5.4 sch tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l
nc thi, TS Trnh Xun Lai). Ly
Nmax
= 1.1 ngy
-1
.
K
N
= 0.23 mg/l. Ly K
N
= 0.2 mg/l
K
O2
=1.3mg/l, pH = 7,7
N
vo
l nng nito vo b Aerotan
( )
( )
( ) ( )
0,098 20 15
18 2
1,1 1 0,833 7,2 7,7 0,12
0,2 18 1,3 2
N
e
_ _


+ +
, ,
ngy
-1
2. Xc nh tc s dng NH
+
4
ca vi khun Nitrat ha
N
theo yu cu u vo
18 mg/l, u ra 13,5mg/l. p dng cng thc:
ra
N
N ra
K N
K N

+
ngy
-1

0,12
0,75
0,16
N
N
K
Y

ngy
-1
Trong :
N
ra
l nng nito u ra: N
ra
= 13,5 mg/l
Y
N
= 0.10.3 mg bn hot tnh/mg NH
+
4.
Ly Y
N
= 0.16
0,75 13,5
0,74
0,2 13,5
N

+
mg NH
4
/ mg bn N ngy.
3. Xc nh thi gian lu bn
CN
theo cng thc:
1
0.16 0.705 0.04 0.0728
N dN
CN
Y K

CN
= 13.7 ngy. Tui ca bn l
13.7 ngy.
4. Xc nh thnh phn hot tnh ca vi khun Nitrat ha trong bn hot tnh:
X
N
= f
N
x X
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
28
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Ta c:

o
o
0.16 ( )
0.6 ( ) 0.16 ( )
v ra
N
a t v ra
N N
f
L L N N

+
( )
( ) ( )
0,16 18 13,5
0,011
0,6 131 27 0,16 18 13,5
N
f


+
X
N
= 0.011 x 2500 = 27,5 mg/l
5. Thi gian cn thit Nitrat ha tnh theo cng thc:

18 13,5
0,23
0,75 27,5
vao ra
N
N N
N N V
Q X

ngy =5.52 gi
Th tnh b Aeroten: V = Q.
N
= 8300 x 0.23 = 1909 m
- Tnh ton theo iu kin kh BOD
5

1 .Xc nh tc oxy ha BOD
5
mg/l cho 1 mg/l bn hot tnh trong mt ngy.

1
1 1
( )
d
c
d
c
Y K
K
Y

+
Ly
c
=13.7 ngy theo tui ca bn Nitrat ha tnh trn.(tha mn thi gian
lu bn 8-20 ngy bng 6.1 sch tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi,
ts Trnh Xun Lai),Y = 0.6mg bn hot tnh/mg BOD hoc COD, K
d
= 0.055 ngy
-
1
(tra bng 5.1 sch tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi, ts Trnh Xun
Lai)

1 1
( 0.055) 0.213
0.6 13.7
+
mg BOD/mg bn ngy.
2. Thi gian cn thit kh BOD
5
:
W 131 27
0,2
0.213 2500
a t
N
L L
Q X

ngy = 4,8 gi
Hm lng BOD
vo
= 131 mg/l X

2.8 g/l
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
29
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
X l nng bn hot tnh trong b: chn X = 2.5 g/l v tra biu c SVI
=200mg/l.
L
a
v L
t
: l BOD
5
cua nc thai trc v sau khi vao Aerten (mg/l)
3. Chn dung tch b theo thi gian lu nc Nitrat ha.

N
= 5.52 gi, V=1909m. Nh vy BOD
5
u ra <50mg/l
L
t
= L
a

N
x x X = 131 0.2 x 0.213 x (2500-27,5) = 25.7 mg/l
Nh vy lng BOD
ra
khi Aeroten ch cn li 25,7 mg/l.
hiu qu x l theo BOD
5
ha tan:
E=(131-25,7)x 100/131 = 80 %
* la chn liu lng bn X (a g/l )
X - Liu lng bn hot tnh theo cht kh (g/l), c chn nh sau:
2-3 g/l cho aeroten c ti trng bn cao;
2,5-3,5 g/l cho aeroten c ti trng bn trung bnh;
3-4 g/l cho aeroten c ti trng bn thp;
3-5 g/l cho aeroten thi kh ko di;
5g/l i vi aeroten khong ho hon ton.
Vi L
a
= 150-200 mg/l : X 2.8 g/l
Vy vi La= 153 mg/l,Ta chn liu lng bn a = 2,5
Nu chn
2 / X g l <
th bn rt long, s lng vi sinh vt trong rt t, do o
qu trnh x l s km hiu qu.
5 / X g l >
th bn rt l st, s lng VSV trong s rt nhiu, do m cn
phi c 1 lng kh cp vo tng i ln, nh vy s tn nng lng.
* Ch s bn SVI ( I ml/g )
Ch s bn (SVI) c trng cho kh nng lng ca bn
Da vo X ( a ) v nhit ca nc thi ta tra c SVI = 200 ml/g
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
30
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
* T l tun hon bn
X 2.5
R = = = 1
1000 1000
- X - 2.5
SVI 200
* . Th tch b aeroten
( )
W=Q 1
tt
R t +
Trong : W l th tch b aeroten,
3
m
Q
tt
l lu lng tnh ton trung bnh,
3
m
/h
3 3
8300 / 345.8 /
tt
Q m ngd m h
t - thi gian thi kh b aeroten ( h )
Xc nh t =?
Thi gian thi kh:
( )
L - L
15
a
t
t =
X 1- Tr T
, h
Trong : La v Lt - BOD5 ca nc thi trc v sau khi x l (mg/l)
R t l tun hon bn, R = 1
r
X - Liu lng bn hot tnh trong ngn ti sinh
1 1
1 2.5 1 3.75
2 2 1
r
X X
R
_ _
+ +

, ,
g/l
Tr- tro ca bn hot tnh, ph thuc tng loi nc thi v c chn
theo bng 7-25 ca TCXDVN 51- 2008

- Tc xy ho ring cc cht hu c (mg BOD5/g cht kh khng tro ca

bn trong 1 h), c xc nh theo biu thc sau:
ax
1
1
1
t o
m
t o o o t r
LC
LC K C K L X

+ + +
Trong :
ax m
- Tc xy ho ring ln nht (mg BOD5/g cht kh khng tro
ca bn) trong 1 h;
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
31
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
C0 - Nng xy ho tan cn thit phi duy tr trong aeroten (mg/l);
Chn
o
C = 4 mg/l. vi nng nh vy iu kin cho mi trng hiu kh
cc VSV pht trin
Kl - hng s c trng cho tnh cht ca cht bNn hu c trong nc thi, (mg
BOD/l);
K0 - Hng s k n nh hng ca xy ho tan (mgO2/l);

- H s k n s km hm qu trnh sinh hc bi cc sn phm phn hu bn

hot tnh (l/h).
Tt c cc gi tr trn c xc inh bi bng tra 7-25 trong TCXDVN 51 - 2008
i vi nc thi cng nghip ma ng khng c trong tiu chun. Ta tham
kho cc gi tr tra c t ngnh nc thi cng nghip giy.
ax
90
m
(mg BOD5/g cht kh khng tro ca bn) trong 1 h

1
35 K (mg BOD/l)
0.7
o
K (mgO2/l)
0.27
(l/h)
Do trong TC51 ko c nn ta tm ly 0.5 Tr
Bng 7-25
Loi nc thi
ax m
Kl K0

Tr
Nc thi sn xut si visco 90 35 0.7 0.27 0,5
27 4 1
90 19,1
27 4 35 4 0.7 27 1 0.27 2.5

+ + +
- Thi gian thi kh :
( ) ( )
15 153 27 15
1 2, 5 1 0.5 19,1 20
a t
L L
t
X Tr T



= 3,9 h
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
32
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
- Din tch mt bng b :
2
1
1927.5
481.88
4
V
F m
H

Trong :
H
1
l chiu cao cng tc ca b Aeroten, chn H
1
= 4 m
V l th tch cng tc b Aeroten, V= 1909 m
-Chn s n nguyn b N= 4, chiu rng mi b B = 8m chiu di mi b
Aeroten l :
477, 25
15
4 4 8
L=
F
m
B


- Chiu rng ton b b Aeroten :
B
tng
= 4 x8=32 m
- Chiu cao ca b :
H = H
1
+ H
bv
Ly H
bv
= 0.5 m

H = 4+0.5 = 4.5 m
Vy kch thc b Aerotan l : B x L x H = 8 x 15 x 4.5
- Kim tra t s F/M v ti trng hu c
+ t s F/M :
L
F 153
a
= = = 0, 27kg / kg.ngy
MX 0, 232500
N
(
tha mn F/M=0.21)
Trong :
F/M l t l BOD c trong nc thi v bn hot tnh (kg BOD/kg bn.ngy)
L
a
l hm lng BOD
5
nc tha du vo

N
l thi gian lu nc trong b Aeroten,
N
= 0.23 ngy
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
33
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
X l nng bn trong b, X= 2500 mg/l
- Ti trng th tch :
L Q
1538300
-3 -3 a
10 = 10 = 0,67
V 1909
kgBOD/m.ngy (tha mn 0.640.96)
- tng sing khi ca bn :
P
r
= 0,8C
1
+ 0,3L
a

Trong : C
1
= 150 mg/l - Hm lng cht l lng ca NT vo b
L
a
= 131
=> P
r
= 0.8*150 + 0,3*131 = 159,3 mg/l
6. B lng ng bc 2
tch bn hot tnh sau khi lm sch nc thi trong b aeroten, ta dng b
lng t 2. i vi b lng t 2, ta dng b lng ng v tnh ton kch thc ca
b theo phng php ti trng thy lc b mt.
- Ti trng thy lc ca b mt c tnh theo:
q = (m
3
/m
2
.h)
Trong :
k - l h s s dng dung tch ca vng lng, vi b lng ng ta chn k =0.35
( theo iu 7.56 ca TCXDVN 51- 2008)
- l nng bn sau khi ra khi b lng, theo tiu chun 51 -2008 th chn

khng di 10 mg/l, ta chn =15 mg/l
a l nng bn trong b aeroten, theo tiu chun 51- 2008 th chn a khng qu
15 g/l, ta chn a =1.5 g/l
J l ch s bn Mohlman, ly J =80 cm
3
/g
H l chiu su vng lng trong b lng, theo TCXDVN 51- 2008 iu 7.60.b th
chiu su vng lng H ly 2.7 -3.8m. ly H = 3.2 m
q = = 1.68 (m
3
/m
2
.h)
- Din tch mt thong ca b lng :
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
34
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
F = =
8300
205.85
24 1.68

(m
2
)
- Chn 4 b lng ng, din tch ca 1 b l :
f = =
205.85
51.5
4

(m
2
)
- ng knh ca 1 b lng ng :
D = =
4 51.5
8

(m)
Ly D = 8 (m)
- Th tch ca 1 b lng ng :
W
b
= * H =
2
8
3.2 160
4


(m
3
)
- Kim tra thi gian lu nc trong b :
t = =
160 4 24
1.85
8300

(gi ) > 1 (gi)(theo bng 7-17 TCXDVN 51-2008)

hp l
- Th tch vng nn bn trong 1 b :
W
bn
=
Trong :
B lng bn hot tnh d g/m
3
(trc khi lng) : B = 159,3 (mg/l)= 159,3
(g/m
3
),- l tng sinh khi ca bn t b aeroten.
B = P
r
= 0,8*C
1
+ 0,3*L
a
= 0,8*150 + 0,3*131= 159,3 mg/l
Vi : C
1
- hm lng cht l lng ca nc thi vo b C
1
=150 mg/l
L
a
- Hm lng BOD vo b = 131 mg/l
b hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc ra khi b lng 2.Theo bng 7.15
trong TCXDVN 51-2008
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
35
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Thi gian
lng (h)
Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi sinh hot t b lng t hai
(mg/l)
khi BOD ca nc thi c lm sch (mg/l) bng
15 20 25 50 75 100
0,75
1
1,5
2
21
18
15
12
27
24
20
16
33
29
25
21
66
58
51
45
86
80
70
63
100
93
83
75
Vi L
t
, thi gian lng l t = 1.85h, ta dng ni suy, suy ra c b = 23 mg/l
= 23 g/m
3
Q - Lu lng nc thi trung bnh, Q=8300/24=345.8 (m
3
/ng)
t - Thi gian gia hai ln x cn, sau aeroten th t = 2h ( theo iu 7.59 ca
TCXDVN 51- 2008 i vi b lng t hai sau Aeroten khng qu 2 gi)
p - m ca cn, p = 99%
n - l s b, n = 4 b
W
bn
= ( m
3
)
- Chiu cao vng cha nn cn:
h
c
=

tan
Trong :
D: ng knh ca b lng, D = 6.5 (m)
d: ng knh y nh ca hnh nn ct, ly d = 0,5(m)
: gc ngang ca y b lng so vi phng ngang,

khng nh hn 50
0
, chn

= 50
0

H
c
=

0
8 0.5
tan50
2

4.47 (m)(vi gc nghing y l 50

0
)
- Tng chiu cao xy dng b l :
H
xd
= h
bv
+H +h
c
Trong :
h
bv
- Chiu cao bo v ,h
bv
= 0.5 m
H =3.5 - Chiu su cng tc ca b lng
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
36
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
h
c
- Chiu cao nn cn , h
c
= 4.47 (m)
H
xd
= 0.5 + 3.5 + 4.47 = 8.47 (m)
- Chiu cao ca ng trung tm ly bng chiu cao vng lng:
h
trung tm
= H = 3.5 (m)
- ng knh phn loe ca ng trung tm ly bng chiu cao phn ng loe
v bng 1,35 ng knh ng trung tm :
d
1
= 1.35 *d = 1.35 * 0.5 =0.68 (m)
Chn d
1
= 0.7 (m)
- ng knh tm chn: ly bng 1,3 ng knh ming loe v bng:
d
c
= 1.3 * d
1
= 1.3 *0.7 = 0.9 (m)
- Gc nghing gia b mt tm chn so vi mt phng ngang ly bng 17
0
7. Kh trng NT
a)Tram kh trung.
Sau cc giai on x l c hc, sinh hc trong iu kin nhn to, vi khun gy
bnh khng th b tiu dit hon ton. V vy theo quy phm cn phi c kh
trng trc khi x ra sng.
Vic tnh ton trm kh trng theo Mc 8.28 TCVN 7957:2008.
kh trng nc thi, dng phng php Clorua ho bng hi Clo hi. Qu
trnh phi ng gia Clo v nc thi xy ra nh sau :
Cl
2
+ H
2
O HCl + HOCl
Trong ion hypoclocrit OCl
-
vi nng xc nh s to iu kin xy ho
mnh c kh nng tiu dit vi khun. HOCl khng bn d b phn hu to ra
axitclohidric v xy nguyn t.
HClO = HCl + O
Lng Clo hot tnh cn thit kh trng c tnh theo cng thc:
y
tb
=
1000
Q a
tb

(kg/h).
Trong :
- Q : Lu lng c trng ca nc thi (m
3
/h).
- a : Liu lng Clo hot tnh a = 3 (g/m
3
) i vi x l sinh hc hon ton
theo iu 8.28.3 TCVN 7957:2008.
y
tb
=
3 345,8
1000

1,04 (kg/h).
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
37
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
nh lng Clo ,xo trn Clo hi vi nc cng tc, iu ch v vn
chuyn n ni s dng ta dng Clorat chn khng kiu 10HUN- 100.
Theo bng 3.10 Gio trnh X l nc thi - Tnh ton v thit k cc cng trnh
HXD - 1974 ta chn mt Clorat 10HUN -100 loi PC-8 lm vic v mt
Clorat d phng c cc c tnh k thut nh sau:
- Cng sut theo Clo hi: 5,8 15,4 (kg/h). - Loi lu lng k: P
C
-8
- p lc nc trc ejector : 33,5 (kg/cm
3
) - Trng lng:37,5 (kg)
- Lu lng nc : 7,2 (m
3
/h)
Hnh 5.12 S kh trng bng Clo
phc v cho 2 Clorat chn 3 ban lng trung gian bng thp tip nhn
Clo nc chuyn thnh Clo hi v dn n Clorat. Trong trm kh trng ta
dng cc thng cha Clo c dung tch 512 lt v cha 500 kg Clo.
- ng knh thng cha l D = 0,64 (m).
- Chiu di thng L = 1,8 (m).
- Lng Clo ly ra t 1 (m
2
) b mt bn thng cha l 3 (kg/h).
B mt bn thng cha Clo l 3,6 (m
2
). Nh vy lng Clo ly ra t mt thng
cha l: q
0
= 3,63 = 10,8 (kg/h).
S thng cha Clo cn thit l:
0
1,04
10,8
tb
y
n
q

=0,1 (thng).
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
38
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Chn hai thng cha: 1 thng cng tc v 1 thng d phng. Mi thng c trng
lng q = 500 (kg). S thng cha Clo cn thit d tr cho nhu cu Clo trong mt
thng s l:



y 24 30
1,04 24 30
tb
N
q 500
1,5 (thng).
Lu lng nc Clo ln nht c tnh theo cng thc:




a Q 100
3 345,8 100
tb
q
tb
b 1000 1000 0,15 1000 1000
h
= 0,69 (m
3
/h).
Trong : b - Nng Clo hot tnh trong nc, ly bng ho tan ca Clo
trong nc ca ejector, ph thuc vo nhit , ly b = 0,15%.
Lng nc tng cng cn cho nhu cu ca trm Clorator l:
( )
1000
V V 1000 y
Q
2 1 tb
+

(m
3
/h).
Trong :
- V
1
: ho tan Clo trong nc (ph thuc vo nhit nc thi), vi
nhit nc thi t = 20
0
C ta c V
1
= 0,728 (l/g);
- V
2
: Lu lng nc cn thit bc hi Clo; s b ly V
2
= 300 (l/kg).

( ) +

1,04 1000 0,728 300

Q
1000
= 1,1 (m
3
/h).
Nc Clo c dn ra mng trn bng ng cao su mm nhiu lp, ng knh ng
70 (mm) vi tc 1,5 (m/s).
b)Mang trn vach ngn kiu uc l.
xo trn nc thi vi clot a dung mng trn vch ngn c l .Mng trn l
cng trnh trn u nc thi vi dung dch Clo, sau c chuyn qua b tip
xc thc hin cc qu trnh v phn ng dit khun.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
39
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Ch thch:
1- Mng dn nc vo
2- Mng dn nc ra
3- Vch ngn c l
Hnh 5.13 - S cu to mng trn vch ngn c l
Thi gian xo trn cn c thc hin nhanh trong vng 1 n 2 pht.
Mng trn vch ngn c l thng gm 2 hoc 3 vch ngn vi cc l c ng
knh t 20100 (mm). Chn mng trn hai vch ngn vi ng knh l l 60
(mm).
S l trong mt vch ngn c tnh theo cng thc:
v d
q 4
n
2
s
tb

(l).
Trong :
- q
s
tb
: Lu lng nc thi trung bnh; q
s
tb
= 0,096 (m
3
/s).
- d : ng knh l t 20100 (mm); chn d = 50 (mm) = 0,05 (m).
- v : Tc ca nc chuyn ng qua l; V = 0,8 (m/s).
n =
4 0,096
2
3,14 0,05 0,8

60 l
Chn 6 hng l theo chiu ng v 10 hng l theo chiu ngang. Khong cch
gia cc tm l theo chiu ngang v chiu ng ca vch ngn th hai (cui mng
trn) ly bng 2d = 20,05 = 0,1 (m).
Chiu rng mng trn s l: B = 2d15 = 0,115 = 1,5 (m).
Chiu cao lp nc trc vch ngn th hai l: H
2
= 2d10 = 0,110 = 1 (m).
Tn tht p lc qua l l: h =
9,81 2 0,62
8 , 0
2g
V
2
2 2

0,1(m).
Trong : - H s lu lng, = 0,62
Chiu cao lp nc trc vch ngn th nht l:
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
40
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
H
1
= H
2
+ h = 1 + 0,1 = 1,1 (m).
Chiu cao lp nc sau vch ngn th hai l: H
3
= H
2
- h = 1 - 0,1 = 0,9 (m).
Chiu cao mng trn kiu vch ngn: H = H
1
+ h
bv
= 1,1 + 0,5 = 1,6 (m).
Khong cch gia cc l theo chiu ng ca vch ngn th nht l:
a =
10
H
2
=
1
10
= 0,1 (m).
Khong cch gia cc vch ngn c tnh: l = 1,5B = 1,51,5 = 2,25 (m).
Chiu di tng cng vi vch trn hai vch ngn: L = 3 l = 32,25 = 6,75 (m).
Thi gian nc lu li trong mng trn phi m bo thi gian t 60120 (s),
kim tra li theo cng thc sau:

H B L
W 1,1 1,5 6,75
1
t
s s
0,096
q q
tb tb



116(s), tha mn.
c)B tip xuc ly tm.
Nc thi sau khi qua mng trn trn u vi Clo, cn thi gian 30 pht
Clo v nc thi tip xc vi nhau (k c thi gian nc chy t mng xo trn ti
b tip xc v t b tip xc ra hng x vo h cha).
Cu to ca b tip xc ly tm ging nh b lng ng nhng khng c thit
b gt cn. Thi gian tip xc ca Clo vi nc thi trong b tip xc v trong
mng trn l 30 pht. Thi gian tip xc trong mng trn nh tnh ton trn l
1,93 pht nh vy thi gian tip xc cn thit trong b tip xc l t = 28,07 pht.
Th tch hu ch ca b tip xc l c xc nh theo cng thc:
8300 28,07
h
W Q t
tb
24 60

= 161,8 (m
3
).
Thit k chiu cao cng tc ca b H = 3,5 (m).
Din tch ca b tip xc trn mt bng c xc nh theo cng thc:
W
161,8
1
F
1
H 3,5
1

46 (m
2
).
ng knh ca b tip xc c xc nh theo cng thc:
4 F
4 46
1
D
3,14

= 8 (m).
m ca cn b tip xc 96%, cn t b tip xc c dn v trm lm kh
bn bng phng php c hc.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
41
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
Theo TCVN 7957:2008, lng cn lng ca b tip xc khi x l sinh hc hon
ton bng Aeroten l a = 0,03 (l/ngi.ng). N

= 14500 ngi - dn s tnh ton

theo hm lng cn l lng
Th tch cn b tip xc trong 1 ngy c xc nh:
W
tx
=
a N' 0,03 41500
1000 1000

= 1,245(m
3
/ng).
T trng ca cn trong b tip xc p
tx
= 1,005 (T/m
3
). Trng lng cn kh trong
b tip xc c xc nh theo cng thc:
1, 245 (100 96) 1,005
T 0, 05
k tx
100

(T/ng).
Thit k y b l phn cha cn hnh nn. Thi gian x cn l t = 6 ngy. Chiu
dy lp cn trong b l:
h
c
=
n R
t W 3
2
tx


=
3 1,245 6
2
4 1


= 0,45 (m).
Ly chiu cao tnh t mt nc ln n thnh b h
bv
= 0,55 (m). Chiu cao xy
dng b tip xc c xc nh theo cng thc:
H = H
1
+ h
c
+ h
bv
= 3,5 + 0,45+ 0,55 = 4,5 (m).
C . Thit k cng trnh x l bn cn
1. Tnh ton lng bn cn pht sinh
a. Lng rc t song chn rc
8 41500
W 0.9
365 1000 365 1000
tt
rl
a N


Trong : N
tt
: Dn s tnh ton theo TSS (ngi)= 41500 ngi
a : lng rc ly t song chn rc ( l/nm),tra theo bng sau:
Lng rc tnh theo u ngi trong 1 nm , theo bng 6-4TCXDVN51-2008 ,vi
b=16 (mm) c a=8 (l/ngi/nm)
Ntt - Dn s tnh ton theo cht rn l lng Ntt = 20000 (ngi)
Chiu rng khe h ca song chn rc
(mm)
S lng rc ly ra t song chn rc
tnh cho 1 ngi (l/nm)
16-20 8
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
42
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
25-35 3
40-60 2.3
60-80 1.6
90-100 1.2
b. Bn cn ly t b lng t 1
1
W
(100 ) 1000 1000
hh
b
c
C E Q K
P

Trong : K- h s tnh n cn ht ln = 1.1
C
hh
nng TSS ca nc thi ban u
E Hiu sut x l TSS %
Q- lu lng (m
3
/ng.d)
P- m ca cn = 95%
c

- Dung trng ca cn = 1 tn/m

3
1
300 50 8300 1,1
W 27, 39
(100 95) 1 1000 1000



b
c. Hm lng bn d sau aerotank
max 1 2
( )
b b
P k P k C C
Trong : C
1
: TSS sau b lng t 1

: H s tng lng bn
K : h s KH
C
2
: Nng sau b lng 2
2. B nn bn
a) Nhim v: b lng t II, bn c m cao (99% 99,4%). Mt phn ln
loi bn ny c hi lu tr li Aeroten (bn hot tnh), lng bn cn li gi l
bn hot tnh d c dn sang b nn bn nh p lc thy tnh trong b. Nhim
v ca b nn bn l lm gim m ca bn hot tnh d bng cch lng (nn)
c hc gim m thch hp (94% 96%) phc v cho vic x l bn bng
qu trnh phn hy k kh b mtan.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
43
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
b)Tnh ton
Bn hot tnh d vi m p = 99% t b lng ng t 2 dn v b nn bn
v m ca bn sau khi nn phi t 95% trc khi dn ti thit b c c bn.
Thi gian nn bn: t=10-12h
- hm lng bn hot tnh d ln nht :
P
max
= K*P
b
(mg/l)
Trong : P
b
: tng sinh khi nn t b aerotank,
P
b
= 0,8*C
1
+ 0,3*L
a
= 0,8*150 + 0,3*153= 165,9 mg/l
Vi : C
1
- hm lng cht l lng ca nc thi vo b C
1
=150 mg/l
L
a
- Hm lng BOD vo b = 153 mg/l
K : h s khng iu ha thng ca bn hot tnh d,ly K = 1.3
P
max
= 1.3 * 165.9= 215.7 mg/l
- Lu lng bn d ln nht c dn v b nn bn :
ax
ax
215.7 8300
24 24 6000
m
m
P Q
q
C



=12.4 m
3
/h
Trong : Q- lu lng nc thi tnh bng m
3
/ng.d, Q= 8300 m
3
/ng.d
C- Nng bn hot tnh d trc khi nn,ly C=6000 mg/l =6000g/m
3
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
1- ng trung tm
2- ng x cn
4- Sn cng tc
3- Ming loe
1
2
4
3
B nn bn ng
44
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
- Lng bn tch ra trong qu trnh nn
1 2
ax
2
99 97
12.4 8.3
100 100 97
n m
P P
q q
p



m
3
/h
Trong : P1.p2 m ca bn hot tnh d trc v sau khi nn
- Din tch b nn bn ly tm c tnh theo cng thc
ax
1
1
3600
m
q
F
V

m
2
Trong : V
1
- tc

chuyn ng ca bn t di ln, V
1
= 0.1 mm/s= 0.0001 m/s
q
max
= 12.4 m
3
/h
F
1
=
12.4
34.4
0.0001 3600

m
2
- Din tch ca ng trung tm:
ax
2
2
3600
m
q
F
V

Trong : V
2
- tc chuyn ng ca bn trong ng trung tm,
V
2
=28mm/s=0.028 m/s
F
2
=
2
12.4
0.12
0.028 3600
m

- Din tch tng cng ca b nn bn:

F= F
1
+ F
2
= 34.4 + 0.12 = 34.52 m
2
- Xy dng 4 b nn bn din tch mi b l:
2
34.52
8.63
4
F
f m
n

- ng knh mi b nn bn l :
4 4 8.63
3.3
3.14
f
D

m
Chn D= 3.5 m
- ng knh ng trung tm :

2
4 4 0.12
3.14 4
F
d
n



= 0.2 m
- ng knh phn loe ca ng trung tm :

1
d
= 1.35

d = 0.27 m
- ng knh tm chn
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
45
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
dc = 1.3

d
1
= 0.351 m
- Chiu cao phn lng ca b nn bn:
1 1
3600 h V t
Trong : t- thi gian lng bn, t= 10h

1 1
3600 0.0001 10 3600 3.6 h V t
m
- Chiu cao phn hnh nn vi gc nghing 45
0
0
2
45
2
D d
h tg

m
Vi d l ng knh y b: d=0.5 m
=>
0 0
2
3.5 0.5
45 45 1.5
2 2
D d
h tg tg


- Chiu cao bn hot tnh nn c theo cng thc
H
b
= h
2
h
3
h
th
(m)
Vi: h
3
- khong cahcs t y ng loe n tm chn. h
3
= 0.5 m
H
th
- chiu cao lp nc trung ha.h
th
= 0.3 m
=>h
b
= 1.5-0.5-0,3 =0.7 m
- chiu cao tng cng ca b nn bn :
H= h
1
+ h
2
+ h
bv

Trong : h
bv
chiu cao bo v,h
bv
= 0.4 m
=>H = 3.6 +1.5 + 0.4 = 4.5 m
3.Tnh ton b m tan
a) Nhim v: b mtan c thit k x l sinh hc k kh cc loi cn ti t
b lng I, bn hot tnh sau khi nn.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
46
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
b) Tnh ton
- Cc loi cn c dn ti b tan x l gm:
+,Cn ti t b lng ng t 1
+,Bn hot tnh d t b nn bn
+.Rc nghin
Cn ti t b lng ng t 1
( )
6
100 10
hh
c
C Q E K
W
P

Trong :
K: h s tnh n s tng lng cn do c ht l lng ln,K=1.1
C
hh
hm lng cht l lng trong hn hp nc thi ban u
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
47
1 - ng dn cn ti
2 - ng dn cn chn
3 - ng dn kh
4 - Van kim tra
h
1
h
ct
h
2

1
3
4
2
D
S cu to b mtan
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
C
hh
= 300 mg/l
Q- lu lng nc thi ngy em, Q=8300 m
3
/ng.d
E ; hiu sut lng b lng ng t 1, E = 50%
P : m ca cn b lng t 1, P= 95%
=> W
c
=
( )
6
300 8300 50 1.1
100 95 10

= 27.39 m
3
/ng.d
Lng bn hot tnh sau khi nn b nn bn
( )
( )
6
100 100
100 10
hh
b
C E b Q
W
P
1
]

Trong :

- h s tnh n s tng ko u ca bn hot tnh,

= 1,15-1,25,ly = 1,15
b- hm lng bn hot tnh tri theo nc ra khi b lng t 2, b = 15 mg/l
P- m ca bn hot tnh, P= 97%
W
b

( )
( )
6
300 100 50) 1.15 100 15 8300
26.145
100 95 10
1
]


m
3
/ng.d
Lng rc nghin
Lng rc nghin nh t m p
1
= 80%, p
2
= 95%
1
1
2
100
W W
100
r
P
P

W
1
- lng rc vt t song chn rc vi m 80%,
W1 =
W
365 1000
tt
rl
a N

W
1
=
8 41500
0.9
365 1000

m
3
/ng.d

1
1
2
100 100 80
W W 0.9 3.6
100 100 95
r
P
P



m
3
/ng.d
- Th tch tng hp ca hn hp cn :
W= W
c
+ W
b
+ W
r
= 27.39+26.145+3.6 = 57.135 m
3
/ng.d
- m trung bnh ca hn hp cn:
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
48
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
100 1
W
k k k
hh
C B R
P
+ + _


,
Trong :
C
k
lng cht kh trong cn ti
( ) ( ) W 100 27.39 100 95
100 100
c c
k
P
C

=1.37 (T/ng.d)
B
k
lng cht kh trong bn hot tnh d
( ) ( ) W 100 26.145 100 95
1.31
100 100
B b
k
P
B

(T/ng.d)
R
k
lng cht kh trong rc nghin
( ) ( ) W 100 95 3.6 100 95
0.18
100 100
r
k
R

(T/ng.d)
T c:
P
hh
=
1.37 1.31 0.18
100 1 95%
57.135
+ + _


,
Vi m ca hn hp cn l 95% > 94% ta chn ch ln men m vi nhit
l 33-35
0
C
- Dung tch b m tan c tnh :
W 100
W
M
d

Trong :
d- liu lng cn ti ngy m%,ly theo TCXDVN 51-2008
vi P
hh
=95% ch ln men m,ta c d= 10%
3
57.135 100
W 571
10
M
m

- Chn 2 b Mtan,th tch mi b l W= W
M
/2 = 285.5 m
3
Theo bng 3.8 X l nc thi_ Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh HXD ta
chn b meetan nh hnh c kch thc
D= 10 m H= 5m
H
1
= 1,7 m h
2
= 1,45 m
Th tch hu ch ca 1 b l 500 m
3
- Lng kh t thu c trong qu trnh ln men cn c tnh:
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
49
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
100
a n D
y

Trong :
a- kh nng ln men ln nht ca cht ko tro trong cn ti
( )
0 0 0
0 0 0
53 44 C R B
a
C R B
+

+ +
%
C
0
- lng cht ko tro ca cn ti
( ) ( )
0
100 100
100 100
k c c
C A T
C

(T/ngd)
A
c
- m ho nc ng vi cn ti A
c
=5-6%. Chn = 5%
T
c
tro ca cht kh tuyt i ng vi cn ti T
c
= 25%
( ) ( )
0
1.37 100 5 100 25
1
100 100
C

T/ng.d
R
0
lng cht ko tro ca rc nghin
( ) ( )
0
100 100
100 100
k R r
R A T
R

A
R
- m ho nc ng vi rc nghin A
R
=5-6%. Chn = 5%
T
r
tro ca cht kh tuyt i ng vi rc nghin T
r
= 25%
( ) ( )
0
0.18 100 5 100 25
0.13
100 100
R

T/ng.d
B
o
- lng cht ko tro ca bn haotj tnh d
( ) ( )
0
100 100
100 100
K b b
B A T
B

A
b
- m ho nc ng vi bn hot tnh d A
b
=6%.
T
b
tro ca cht kh tuyt i ng vi bn hot tnh d T
b
= 27%
( ) ( )
0
1.31 100 6 100 27
0.9
100 100
B

T/ng.d

( ) 53 1 0.13 44 0.9
42.2%
1 0.13 0.9
a
+

+ +
n- h s ph thuc vo m cn a vo b ly theo bng 7-33 TCXDVN 51-
2008
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
50
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
vi P
hh
= 95%, t= 33
0
C => n = 0,72
Liu lng cn ti ngy m D= 10% => lng kh thu c trong qu trnh ln
men cn l :
42.2 0, 72 10
0.35
100 100
a n D
y


m
3
/kg
- Lng kh tng cng thu c l :
( ) ( )
0 0 0
1000 0.35 1 0.13 0.9 1000 710.5 K y C R B + + + +
m
3
/ng.d
4. Sn phi bn
a) Nhim v: Cn sau khi ln men b mtan c m cao cn lm ro nc
trong cn t c m cn thit thun li cho vic vn chuyn v x l tip
theo. Chn sn phi bn thc hin qu trnh lm ro nc trong cn. Nhim v
ca sn phi bn l gim m ca bn xung cn 75 80%.
b) Tnh ton sn phi bn:
- Th tch cn t b tip xc c tnh :
0
0, 03 41500
W 1, 25
1000 1000
TT
a N
m
3
/ng
Trong : a- lng cn lng trong b tip xc, a= 0.03 l/ng.ng
N
TT
- dn s tnh ton theo cht l lng, N
TT
= 41500 ngoi
- Th tch tng cng ca cn dn n sn phi bn
W
ch
= W + W
0
Trong : W- th tch cn t b meetan = 57,135 m
3
W
0
- th tch cn t b tip xc =6,5 m
3
Vy W
ch
= 57,135 + 6.5 = 63.6 m
3
/ng
- Din tch hu ch ca sn phi bn c tnh :
1
0
W 365 63.6 365
4299
2 2, 7
ch
F
q n



m
2
Trong : q
0
ti trng ln sn bn, theo bng 5-5 gio trnh x l nc thi-
HXD-1978, vi nn nhn to c h thng rt khi lm kh cn v bn hot tnh
ln men ta c: q
0
= 2m
3
/m
2
.nm
N h s k n iu kin kh hu n= 2.7
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
51
Thit k qu trnh x l nc v nc thi GVHD:Nguyn Minh c
- Chn sn phi bn chia ra l 2 => Din tch mi :
4299
1075
4
f
m
2
Chn kch thc mi : 33m*33m
- Din tch phc v:
F
2
= 0,2 * F
1
= 0,2 * 4299 = 859.8 m
2
- Din tch tng cng ca sn phi bn:
F = F
1
+ F
2
= 4299 + 859.8 = 5158.8 m
2
Kt lun
Vi vic la chn dy chuyn cng ngh x l v cc kt qu tnh nh trn
th nc thi ca nh my sn xut si sau khi c x l qua cc cng on
nh trn th khi c thi ra mi trng s khng cn gy nhim n mi trng
xung quanh,m bo c tiu chun thi nc loi A.
SVTH : Nguyn Th La MSSV:
0851090791
52