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Zofd;'Gb/ /ftfDo] x'g'eof], j|hsf uNnL–uNnLdf nflndf
5fof] . b'j} k¸sf xftxftdf lkRsf/L 5g\ / Psn] csf{nfO{
/ÍLlj/ÍL /Í 3f]n]/ 5Øfk]sf 5g\ . olQs}df lszf]/LhLn]
s]z/sf] /Íel/Psf] Pp6f 38f NofP/ Zofd;'Gb/sf lz/df
vGofOlbg'eof] . oxL df}sf 5f]k]/ ;vL /Íb]jLn] Zofd;'Gb/sf
ufnfdf g/fd|f;] u“ caL/ blnlbg'eof] . ;vfx¿;lxtsf] >Ls[i0f
bn xf¥of] . otfsf ;vfx¿ efu]/ uP . ptf nfl8nLhLsf]
ho hosf/ x'g yfNof] . efUbf efUb} ;vLx¿n] >Ls[i0fnfO{
;dft]/ af“w,] clg eÙ yfn]— ;w}“ xfdLnfO{ ;tfpg] uYof{,} ca
cfh xfdL Tof] ;a}sf] abnf lnG5f}“ . To;kl5 ;vLx¿n]
Zofd;'Gb/nfO{ ;f]îð[+uf/ u/L l;+uf/]/ ;'Gb/ gflosf agfP .
o:tf] b]v/] >L s[kfn' hL dxf/fh ;vLx¿;“u ldn]/ xfdL ;a}n] tfnL ahfp“b} ‘xf]/L x}, xf]/L x}’ eÙ'xG' 5 .

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xf] < a'¹]sf] 5 < bL¸f eg]sf] lbJo k|]d xf] . Tof] lbJo k|]d
k|fKt ug{sf nflu lbJo jt{g -kfq_ rflxG5, cyf{t\ lbJo
cGtMs/0f rflxG5 . xfd|f] of] h'g cGtMs/0f 5, Tof]
dflos 5 . of] k|fs[t ePsfn] o;n] lbJo k|]d ;xg ug{
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j]blj?4sf] sfo{ xf] . logLx¿ kfksd{ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
tL ;a} xhf/f}“ nfvf}“ jif{sf nflu g/s hfG5g\ clg oL hf]
sfg k'msfpg]x¿ 5g\ tL d"v{x¿nfO{ t ¹g\ u'?hL;“u
‘tkfO+{ xfdLnfO{ s] lb“b} x'gx' G' 5<’ eg]/ ;f]Wg];Dd k'm;{b
5}g . tL afafx¿ dGq lbg] eG5g\ . Tof] dGq lbg'sf]
dtna s] xf] < x/]s dGqsf] cy{ x'G5 ‘x] eujfg\ ¤ tkfO{n+ fO{
gd:sf/ 5’ . Tof] rfx] lxGbLdf egf}“, rfx] pb"{, k~hfjL,
aÍfnL of d¢f;Ldf egf}“ To;af6 s] eujfg\ v';L x'gx' Ù' <
olb xfd|f] dGqdf zlQm 5 eg]/ tL u'?x¿ eG5g\ eg] klg
ha pgn] sfgdf Tof] dGq lbP, To;}an] f To; zlQmsf]
cg'ej lsg ePg < ;fwf/0f s/]06 5'b“ f t ;Dk"0f{ z/L/
xlNnG5 eg], tkfO+{ sfg km's]/ b}jL cfgGb, lbJofgGb
lbO/xg'ePsf] 5 eg] xfdLnfO{ lsg s'g} cg'ej} x'“b}g<
xfd|f] xfnt t ¹g\ ¹g\ rf}k6 x'“b} hf“bf] 5 . clg afafn] s]
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ta cGtMs/0f lbJo aÙ]5, ta eujTk|d] k|fKt x'g5] Tolt
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sfgdf s] lbO/xg' k5{ / < zf:qx¿df efujt cflb ;a}df
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k9\g ;S5, hKg ;S5, To;af6 s] x'G5 < dGq lbg]x¿;Fu
Pp6f k|Zg u/f}“ t— ‘tkfO{s+ f] dGqdf zlQm 5 < 5 eg]
s:tf] zlQm 5 < hf] /fd /fd Zofd Zofd eG5g\, ltgLx¿df
eGbf ltd|f] dGqdf ljz]if s'/f s] 5 <’
olb o;df zlQm 5, of] l;4 dGq xf] eg]/ pm eG5
eg] klg /fd / Zofd gfdnfO{ cgGt ;Gtx¿n] l;4
ul/;s]sf 5g\, ca oxf“ s'g cz'l4 5 < eujfg\sf gfddf
t :jo+ eujfg\ g} al;/xg'x'G5 . olb ltdLn] lbPsf dGqdf
s'g} vf; s'/f 5 eg] xfd|f sfgdf b]pm, t'?Gt To;sf]
c;/ k¥of] eg] 7Ls 5, xf]Og eg] Tof] lnP/ s] kmfObf <
olb s;}n] r]sdf Ps s/f]8 g} n]v/] lbof] eg] klg
vftf z"Go /x]5 eg] Tof] t 7uL l;jfo s] eof] / < g
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/fdfo0fsf bz–aL; j6f rf}kfO{ 3f]Sof], clncln uLtf
k9Øf], clg lxGbLdf s, v, u, k9Øf], clg t e} uof] sdfn ¤
j]bzf:qx¿df olt w]/} 1fg 5 ls dflg;n] Psxhf/
jif{sf] pd]/ kfof] eg] klg p;n] cfkm+n} ] k9]/ k"0f{¿kdf
Tof] 1fg xfl;n ug{;Qm}g . To;f] eP ca To; ljr/fn]
s] ug]{ t <== s'g} cg'ejL dxfk'?ifn] k9fOlbP eg] Ps}
jif{df tŒj1fg k|fKt x'G5, Ps jif{d} ;a} zf:q j]bsf] 1fg
k|fKt x'G5 . bL¸fsf] dtna xf]— h;/L tkfO{+ cfÇgf] 3/df
tf/, aNa cflb ;a} lkml6Í ul/;Sg'xG' 5, To;kl5 kfj/
xfp;df uP/ ‘ca kfj/ 5f]l8lbg'xf];’\ eÙ'xG' 5, ta kfj/
xfp;af6 kfj/ 5f]8g\ f;fy t'?Gt aQL aN5, kÌf rNg
yfNb5 . lkml6Í g} ;lsPsf] 5}g eg] kfj/ xfp;n] sxf“
kfj/ lbg] < To;}n] klxn] cGtMs/0f z'4 t'Nofpg'k5{, ta
dfq} To;df lbJo k|]d cfp“5 .
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k|sl[ t / o;df cfl>t dflg;nufot kz'k¸Lx¿df oxL dlxgfb]lv gof“ ;dfhljz] i fdf af“ l wPsf] 5} g . oxf“
kfn'jf nfUg yfNb5— ;[li6 / l;h{gfsf] gof“ kfn'jf . hf8f]n] s7Øflª\u|Psf] ;a}sf] ;dGjo 5 . of] ;a}sf nflu xf]
z/L/ / z/L/sf tGt'x¿ pg} O{à/sf] cgj/t cfb]z / lgb]z { gdf ¹+st[ / o;sf] Psdfq p2]Zo ljàsf ;Dk"0f{
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cfgGb s] df 5 / Tof] s;/L k|fKt ug{
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x'G5, lj|mofzLn x'G5 . hLjsNof0fsf] p2]Zok"lt{df ;fy lbg
ca kmfu'g dlxgf xfd|f] ;fd'Ù] 5 . h:tf] ls— gfd}n] ;Ë]t ub{5, of] of] ;+:yf ;a}df xflb{s cfêfg ub{5 .
dlxgf kmfu'sf] dlxgf xf], /Ísf] dlxgf xf] clg pdÍsf] dlxgf xf] . ;fy},
;j{>]i7 j}i0fj uf]lj+b /fw] . æxl/ sf] gfd ¿k u'g,
x}+ kz'kltgfy, Jof; atf b] .. xl/hg lgTo lgjf; .
–hub\u?' >L s[kfn' hL dxf/fh ;a} Ps xl/ ¿k x},
;a d]“ ;a sf] jf; ..!&..
;j{>i] 7 j}i0fj cf/fWo >L kz'kltgfysf] k|fs6Ø ePsf] ‘dxflzj/flq’ -elQm zts_
sf lbg eQmhgx¿ ;a}s/' f la;]/{ efª, wt'/f] cflbsf] ;]jg u/]/ k~rsf]if,
efjfy{— >Ls[i0f Pj+ pgsf gfd, ¿k, u'0f
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eujfg\ lje', xfdL c0f', pxf“ ;j{1, xfdL cNk1 clg pxf“ ;j{zlQmdfg, ;a}df ;a}sf] lgTo af; x'G5 .
xfdL ToxL zlQmk'+hsf] Pp6f l¹Nsf] . t/ csf]{ oyfy{ s] klg xf] eg] pxf“ hfgsf/L
h;/L ;gftg, To;/L g} xfdL klg ;gftg, h;/L pxf“ c¸o c+zL, To;/L hub\u?' >L s[kfn' hL dxf/fhåf/f lgb{l] zt
g} xfdL klg c¸o c+z clg h;/L pxf“ eujfg\, To;}u/L xfdL klg pxf“nfO{ elQm–;fwgfsf] lj|mofTds cEof; k|To]s
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a'ˆg'k/]sf] 5, lrÙ'k/]sf] 5 / oxL lbJo ;DaGwnfO{ dha"t;“u kj|m/] xfdL ah];Dd Zofdf Zofd wfd l7dLdf ul/G5 .
eujb\k|flKtsf] lglb{i6 n‡otkm{ cufl8 a9\g'k/]sf] 5 . Zofdf Zofd wfd, l7dL

c:t', eujTk|d] sf] ljljw /Ídf 8'afpg Ct'/fh a;Gt;“u xf]nL kj{ .. k"l0f{df /flq ;T;Í ..
æelQm–dlGb/Æ Zofdf Zofd wfd, l7dLdf
klg cfPsf] 5 . eQm k|ëfbsf] eujfg\k|ltsf] c6n ljàf; Pj+ elQmsf]
x/]s k"l0f{dfsf] lbg ;f“¹ ^M)) ah]bl] v x'g]
ljho lbj; xf]nL kj{sf] dxfTDo ljz]if k|sf/sf] /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} eujb\ /flq hfu/0f ;ËLt{gdf ;xefuL eO{ ;T;Ísf]
cg'/fuLx¿sf] nflu of] cToGt cfgGbsf] pT;j klg xf] . nfe k|fKt u/f}“ . ;+=
ho >L /fw] ¤ gf]6 M kmfu' k"l0f{df, @& ut] .
k|sfzs
>L /fwf dfwj ;ldlt, g]kfn k|wfg;Dkfbs M dx]G¢axfb'/ u'?·
Zofdf Zofd wfd, l7dL, eQmk'/ .
kmf]g g+= ^^#))%( E-mail: ssdham@wlink.com.np Visit Us: www.ssdham.org

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h8–hÍd, hLj–r/fr/ ;a} pg}sf] lgoddf cfa4 /xL ;+rflnt 5g\ . h'g cg'ej tyf b[li6uf]r/
eP/ ;j{ljlbt\ 5g\ ltgnfO{ xfdL lj1fg -Science_ eG5f}F / h'g ljifo lj1fgn] a'‰g ;s]sf] 5}g, xfd|f]
dg a'l4af6 cln cuDo 5, To;nfO{ eujfg\sf] dlxdf elg a'‰g' kb{5 . ;+;f/df b]Vbf cln lgod
ljk/Lt h:tf nfUg] b}jL sfo{x¿ klg O{à/sf ckjfb lgodcGtu{tsf x'g] u5{g\ . cyf{t\ x/]s sfo{
lgoldt x'G5g\ . :jo+ eujfg\ klg cfÇgf] lgodsf] kfngf ug'x{ G' 5 . ‘st',+{ cst',+{ cGoyfst'+{ ’
;j{;dy{ eujfg\ hLjnfO{ lbJo k|d] tyf lgisfd elQm k|bfg ug{ dxfk'?ifnfO{ k7fpg] ug'x{ G' 5 . lgod
cg';f/ Tof] sfo{ u'? of dxfk'?ifn] g} ug]{ ub{5g\ . eujfg\sf] cjtf/sfndf klg ha ch'g{ n]— x] ‘>L
s[i0f ¤ d ltd|f] k|kÙ lzio xF' ’ eg]/ cfkm"nfO{ ;dk{0f u/] ta dfq} eujfg\n] u'? ag]/ pgnfO{ uLtfsf]
1fg lbg'eof] . dxf1fgL p4jhLnfO{ cfÇgf] lbJo k|d] sf] cg'ej j|hdf k7fO{ uf]lkgLx¿sf dfWodn]
k|bfg ug'e
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o;/L a'emf}“ ha bfgj/fh lx/0oslzk'n] tk:of u/L cfkm" cd/ /xg cg]s h'lQm k'¥ofO{ a|éfhLaf6
j/bfg kfP ta lji0f' cjtf/, s[i0ffjtf/df pgnfO{ dfg{ ldNb}g lyof] . bfgj/fhn] g kz' g dg'io cflb
s;};u“ klg gdg{] j/bfg kfPsf lyP . oxfF eujfg\n] g/l;+x -g/ / kz'sf] ;+oQ ' m ¿k_ ag]/ cfO{
aéfhLsf] j/bfgnfO{ sfod /fVb} lx/0oslzk'sf] jw ug'e { of] . o;}u/L eujfg\ a|éf ag]/ ;[li6, lji0f'
ag]/ kfng tyf ?b| ag]/ k|nosf] sfo{ ug'x{ G' 5 . hLjdflysf] c1fg¿kL cGwsf/sf] gfz ug{ pg}
eujfg\ u'? ag]/ xfdL ;dIf cfpg'xG' 5 . h;nfO{ xfdL k|ToIf cg'ej ug's { f ;fy} pgn] lbg] tŒj1fg
cfh{g ug{ ;S5f}F . o;y{ eujfg\sf] z/0ffult / elQmk"j{ u'?elQm / z/0ffult clgjfo{ x'G5 . of] s'/f
;j{ dt;Ddt Pjd\ csf6Ø /x]sf] 5 .
tb\lj1fgfy{+ ; u'?d]jfleuR5]t\ ;ldTkfl0fM >f]lqo+ a|élgi7d\ . -d'08sf]klgifb\ _
tlål4 k|l0fkft]g kl/k|Zg]g ;]jof
pkb]IflGt t] 1fg+ 1flgg:tTjblz{gM -uLtf_
t:dfb\ u'?+ k|kB]t lh1f;' >]o pQdd\
zfAb] k/] r lgi0fft+ a|é0o'kzdf>od\ -efujt_
u'? lag' ej lglw t/O{ g sf]O{ ,Hof]+ lj/+lr z+s/ ;d xf]O{ . -/fdfo0f_
ctM ha hLj zf:qdf pNn]lvt ;b\u?' sf] ;j{efjn] z/0ffut x'G5 ta p;dfly /x]sf] dfof /
of]udfofsf] cfj/0f x6\gs ' f ;fy} cGtMs/0fsf] z'l4 x'G5 ta u'?¿kL eujfg\ cfÇgf] lbJo k|d] k|bfg
ug'{x'G5 .
;+;f/df dg'ion] cfÇgf] ;+:sf/ / rfxgf cg'¿k u'? k|fKt u5{g\ . k|foM dflg;x¿ o:tf u'?sf]
vf]lhdf x'G5g\ hf] wg, k'q, j}ej /f]uflbsf] d'lQm lbg] xf];\ . ;Lwf cy{df gà/ ;+;f/ -wf]sf_ lbg] tyf
sfgdf dGq lbg] u'?sf] vf]hL ub{5g\ . eujfg\sf] Kof; nfn;f O{à/Lo k|d] sf] ef]s ePsf sd} JolQm
x'G5g\ . lbJo k|d] lkkf;' clt ;f}efUozfnL hLjn] dfq} eujT:j¿k s[kfn' u'? k|fKt u5{g\ .

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eujfg\ ef]ng] fysf Ps cgGo eQm >Ls[i0f eujfg\sf kf“r d'v, b; xft, ;k{sf]
dlGb/ 5]p a:y] . 6f9f–6f9faf6 eQmhgx¿ cfe" i f0f, h6f / lz/df dftfu+ u fhL
>Ls[i0fbz{gsf nflu cfpg] uy{] t/ tL lzjeQm ;d]tsf] cg'ej u/] . pgn] ef]ng] fysf]
eg] cfÇgf] cgGotf sfod /fVg Toxf“ hfFbg} k|To¸ bz{g ug{ cf“vfsf] k§L vf]n,] t/
lyP . lg/Gt/ ‘‘ç gdM lzjfo’’ sf] hk u/L ;fd'Ùd] f g6v6 gGblszf]/sf] >Llju|x
cfÇgf] k'Vof{l} n k]zf ;'gf/sf] sfd uy]{ . ;'g– b]v] . pgn] km]l/ xQkQ cf“vfdf k§L
rf“lbsf ;'Gb/–;'Gb/ uxgf agfP/ k|Voflt af“ w ] / gfk lnP/ efuL xfNg] ;f] r
sdfPsf tL ;'gf/sxf“ Pslbg Ps ;ƒgn] agfP . :kz{ ubf{ k' g M pgnfO{
gfk lbP/ >Ls[i0fnfO{ s/wgL agfpg c8{/ >Lz+ s /hLsf] pxL :j¿ksf] cg' e j
lbP . ;'gf/ eQm t 5“b} lyP pgn] a8f] k|]dsf eof] . pgn] k§L vf]n] t/ ;fd'Ùd] f pxL
;fy gfkcg';f/ s/wgL agfP/ lbP . cToGt g6v6 . tLg k6s nuftf/ o:tf] cg'ej
;'Gb/ sfnLul/o'Qm s/wgL eujfg\nfO{ nufp“bf ePkl5 tL lzjhLsf cgGo eQm
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k'gM gfk lbP . ;'gf/n] s/wgL 36fP/ lbP . dlGb/df nu]/ gGblszf]/ kf] /x]5g\ eÙ] af]w eof] . pgn] xl/x/:j¿ksf]
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eof] . ljlrq eof] egL ;ƒgn] ;'gf/nfO{ cfkm}“ uP/ gfk lng axfgfn] eujfg\df e]ba'l4 /fVg] 5}g egL cfÇgf] ulNt dx;';
cg'/f]w u/] . ca lzjeQm ;'gf/ ;fî} wd{ ;Ë6df k/] . pgL u/L >Ls[i0feQm d08nLdf cfkm"nfO{ ;lDdlnt u/fP .

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g]kfnL cg'jfb Zofdf Zofd wfd, l7dLdf pknAw 5 .
Zofdf Zofd wfd, l7dL, )!^^#))%(

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lh1f;'x?sf] lh1f;f M :jfdL >L d'sG' bfgGbhLsf] pQ/

lh1f;fM :jfdLhL k|0ffd . d]/f] Pp6f lh1f;f 5 / cfzf ub{5'
sL tkfO{n+ ] o;sf] ;dfwfg ug{] s[kf ug'x{ G' 5 –Wofgsf] s]
dxŒj 5 / Wofg ug{] ;lx k4lt s] xf] <
Zofd sfsL{, kf]v/f .
;dfwfg M dg Pj dg'iof0ff+ sf/0f+ aGw df]¸of]M .
-k+rbzL_ aGwg cf}/ df]¸ sf sf/0f ox dg xL x}, Pj+ dg
s] pTyfg sf k|d'v ;fwg x} Wofg . O; s] dfWod ;] lrQ
sL r+rntf sf] ;dfKt lsof hf ;stf x}, dg sL Psfu|tf
sf] a9fof hf ;stf x}, cGtMs/0f sf] z'4 lsof hf ;stf
x}, Pj+ O{à/ k|d] sf] k|fKt lsof hf ;stf x} . ctM elQmof]u,
1fgof]u cf}/ cfi6fÍof]u, tLgf]+ xL dfuf]{+ d]+ Wofg sf k|d'v
:yfg x} .
lsGt' Wofg sL k4lt ;a sL k[ys–k[ys x} . olb xd
ljà e/ d]+ b]v]+ tf] xhf/f]+ Wofg sL wf/fo]+ k|rlnt x}+ . Og
;a sf] xd bf] efuf]+ d]+ ljeQm s/ ;st] x}+ . Ps wf/f sf
k|oTg ox x} ls ljrf/f]+ sf] ;dfKt s/s] dg sf] lglj{rf/
lsof hfo] . ædg sf] df/ tf] a]8f kf/ .Æ O;s] lno] ljleÙ
pkfof]+ sf k|of]u lsof hftf x} . s'5 nf]u k|f0ff]+ sf Wofg
s/t] x}+, s'5 e|"–dWoflb sf Wofg s/t] x}+, s'5 z"Go sf
Wofg s/t] x}+, s'5 k|0fj cf]dsf/ sf Wofg s/t] x}+ . lsGt'
Og ;a k4ltof]+ d]+ c8rg ox x} ls j] dg s] :jefj s]
ljkl/t x}+ . glx slát\ ¸0fdlk hft' lti7To sd{s[t\ .
-uLtf_ dg sf :jefj x} lg/Gt/ ljrf/ pTkÙ s/gf .
jx Ps¸0f sf] eL r'k gxL+ a}7 ;stf . ctM Og pkfof]+
;] hg ;fwf/0f sf] ;Lldt Pj+ c:yfoL ;kmntf xL ldntL
x} .
Wofg sL b";/L wf/f ;/n Pj+ nf]s–u|fè x} . O;d]+
dg sf] /f]sg] sf k|oTg gxL+ lsof hftf, clkt' p;] eujfg
sL cf]/ 3'dfg] sf k|of; lsof hftf x} . h};,] olb ;fOlsn
sL a|]s baf bL hfo] tf] ;+t'ng agfo] /vgf c;Dej xf]
hftf x}, lsGt' olb x}+l8n sf] 3'df lbof hfo], tf] jx
;fOlsn cf/fd ;] 3"d hftf x} . O;L k|sf/, dg sf]
eujfg s] gfd, ¿k, nLnf, u'0f, wfd d]+ nuf b]g] ;] dg
sf] l6sfg] sf cfwf/ ldn hftf x} . O;s] cltl/Qm, eujb\
Wofg sf Ps cf}/ a8f nfe xf]tf x} . eujfg k/d z'4
x}+, Pj+ ha xd dg sf] pgd]+ nuft] x}+ tf] xdf/f dg eL
z'4 xf] hftf x} . ctM ;d:t Wofg k|0fflnof]+ d]+ eujb\
Wofg xL ;j{>]i7 x} .
ca k|Zg pTkÙ xf]tf x} ls eujb\Wofg s};] lsof
hfo] . O;sf ;/n pkfo hub\u'? >L s[kfn' hL dxf/fh
g] atfof x} M ;a ;fwg hg' b]x ;d ¿k Wofg hg' k|f0f .
-elQm zts_ j] sxt] x}+ ls xd sf]O{ eL elQm s/],+ ;fy d]+
eujfg sf ¿k Wofg cjZo s/]+ . cf“v]+ aGb s/s] ckg]
Oi6b]j sL 5lj sf] ckg] ;fdg] nfo]+ . pgsf ¿k xd
¿lrk"j{s agf ;st] x}+ . ox ¿k Wofg eujfg ;] k|]d
sf] a9fg] sL cfwf/–lznf x} . l;4 cj:yf d]+ jx ¿k
cf“vf]+ d]+ ;df hftf x}, Pj+ ;j{q jxL ¿k lbvfO{ b]tf x} .
;fwgfj:yf d]+ xd]+ ¿k Wofg sf cEof; s/t] x'P ckg]
dg sf] p;d]+ nufg] sf k|oTg s/gf x} .
:jfdL >L d'sG' bfgGb
hub\u?' >L s[kfn' hL dxf/fhsf k|rf/s

tkfO{s
+ f klg cfWoflTds lh1f;f eP ;dfwfgsf nflu :jfdLhLnfO{ k|Zg k7fpg ;Sg' x'g5] .
k|Zg Zofdf Zofd wfdsf] lgDg 7]ufgfdf jf E-mail dfkm{t\ klg k7fpg ;lsg]5 .
>L /fwf dfwj ;ldlt, g]kfn
Zofdf Zofd wfd, l7dL
xg'dGt]k'n, dWok'/, l7dL g=kf=–#, c/lgsf] /fhdfu{ ^**÷!, eQmk'/ .
kmf]g g+= ^–^#))%(, km\ofS; g+= ^–^#)@&), E-mail: ssdham@wlink.com.np ;+=
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>La| h d08n kl/j|mdf
j/;fgf -a[ifefg'k/' _
eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsL k/df/fWof >L/fwfhLsf] nLnf:ynL j/;fgf
ufp“ cg]sfg]s ;'dw'/, o'un ;/sf/sf ;/; Pj+ dw'/ efjgfx¿sf
:d[ltx¿ ;d]6s ] f]] kfjg:ynL xf] / of] ;bf jGbgLo 5 . oxf“sf]
kljq e"ld, ;/f]j/x¿, pBfgx¿, uxj/ cflb jgx¿, s'08x¿,
;fs/L vf]/ cflb nLnf:ynLx¿n] /fwf–s[i0f nLnfsf s'g} g s'g}
dgf]xf/L nLnfsf] :d/0f u/fpF5g\ . uf]7–uf]7sf t[0fx¿, u'Nd
ntfx¿, j[¸x¿, kz'k¸Lx¿, sL6ktÍx¿, ;k{x¿ cflb ;a} g}
:j¿ktM ;flRrbfgGbdo Pj+ >L/fwfs[i0f nLnfsf kl/kf]ifssf
¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ / o'un ;/sf/sf k/dlk|o 5g\ . a|éf, z+s/
cflb 7"N7"nf l;4 dxfk'¿ifx¿;d]t >L/fwfs[i0fsf] ;]jfsf nflu
ltgLx¿s} h:tf] hGd kfp“m egL af/Daf/
k| f y{ g f ub{ 5 g\ . j/;fgfsf]
[ vf; gfd
j[ifefg'k'/ xf] . >L/fwfhLsf lktf dxf/fh
j[ifefg'hL ;kl/jf/ o;} 7fp“df a:y] .
uf]jw{gb]lv kládtkm{ rf}w dfOnsf] b"/Ldf
cyjf sfDojgb]lv ^ dfOn k"jt{ km{ j/;fgf
5 . jf/fx Pj+ kßk' / f0fsf cg' ; f/
;Too'usf] cGTodf a|éfhLn] s7f]/ cf/fwgf
u/L eujfg\ n fO{ k| ; Ù t' N ofP/ tkfO+ {
a|huf]kLx¿sf ;fy ;'dw'/ j|mL8fx¿ ug'x{ f];\
d To;sf] bz{ g ug{ kfpF , ljz] i f u/L
aiff{sfndf ¹"nf cflb nLnfx¿ / j;Gt
Ct'df kmfu' cflbsf] nLnf–ljnf;sf] bz{g
ug{ kfP/ d s[ts[To x'g] ;f}efUo kfp“ eÙ]
j/ dfUg' eof] . eujfg\ k|;Ù eP/ a|éfhLnfO{ ;f“s/L vf]/
cfb]z lbg'eof]— ‘ltdL j[ifefg'k/' df uP/ kj{t
¿kdf a; . kj{t¿kdf g} xfd|f ;a} dfw'o{ nLnfx¿ x]g{ ;dy{
x'g5] f} .’ o:t} g} eof] . a|éfhLn] j|hsf] o;} :yfgdf kj{t ¿k
wf/0f u/L cfÇgf] lr/ clenfiff k"0f{ ug'e{ of] .
j/;fgfsf] kl/j|mdf dfu{ rf/ dfOnsf] 5 . j|helQm ljnf;df
j[ifefg'k/' sf] lrGxsf] kl/ro o;/L lbOPsf] 5–
lji0f' a|éfgfdfgf} åf} k/:k/f} .
bl¸0f kfà]{ a|éfgfd kj{tM jfd kfà]{ lji0f'gfd kj{tM .
a|éfkj{tf]kl/ >L/fwfs[i0f dlGb/d\ . >L/fwfs[i0f bz{gd\ tbwf]efu]
>Lj[ifefg'uf]k dlGb/d\=======
kßk'/f0fsf cg';f/ oxf“ lji0f' / a|éf gfdsf b'O{ kj{t
cfdg];fdg] ljBdfg 5g\ . bflxg]tkm{ a|éfkj{t / jfof“tkm{ lji0f'kj{t
5g\ cflb .
j/;fgfdf cg]sf}“ k|l;4 nLnf:ynLx¿ 5g\, hf] a|éfhLsf] s7f]/
cf/fwgfsf kl/0ffd:j¿k ePsf x'g\ . h:tf] ls j[ifefg' s'08 .
of] j/;fgfsf] k"jt{ km{ cjl:yt 5 . dxf/fh j[ifefg' xd]zf oxL“
:gfg ug]]{ uy]{ . s'g} sNksyf cg';f/ o;} s'08sf] sdnsf]
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k"mndf v]ln/x]sf] cj:yfdf >L/fwfhLnfO{ dxf/fh j[ifefg'n] k|fKt
u/]sf x'g\ . oxf“ /fwfs[i0fn] hnj|mL8f Pj+ n'lsl5kL j|mL8f ;d]t
ug'{x'GYof] .
;f“s/L vf]/ – pQm b'O{ kj{tsf] aLrdf cfjfudgsf] Ps ;f“3/' f]
af6f] 5, h;nfO{ :yfgLo efiffdf ;f“s/Lvf]/ elgPsf] xf] . uf]k Pj+
uf]lkgLx¿ oxL af6f] eP/ b"w, bxL, dvg lnP/ cfjfudg ub{y] .
af6f]sf] ;fF3/' f]kgsf] kmfObf p7fP/ /+lun] eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] nLnf
:j¿k /+lunL uf]lkgLx¿sf b"w, bxL, dvg n'6g\ ug'e{ Psf nLnf
pNn]vgLo 5g\ .
bfgu9– a|éfrn kj{tsf] k[i7efudf bfgu9
gfds Ps :d/0fLo :yfg 5 . eujfg\n] /fwfhL;Fu
cfe"if0f cflbsf] bfg dfUg' ePsf], jfbljjfb ePsf],
kàft\ lszf] / –lszf] / Lsf] lge[ t s] l ns' ~ hdf
gfgfk|sf/sf j|mL8f ljnf; ePsf] cflb k|;Ísf
nLnfx¿ oxfFsf ljz]iftf x'g\ .
dfgu9– a|éfrn kj{tsf] k[i7efusf] csf]{
/d0fLo :yfg xf] dfgu9 . >L/fwfhLn] dfg vf]Hg'
ePsf] / /l;s eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] a8f] s'zntfk"js {
lszf]/Lsf] dfg eÍ ug'e{ Psf] nLnf o;sf] ljz]iftf
xf] .
do"/s'6L– a|éfrn kj{tdfly /x]sf] of] csf]{
dxŒjk"0f{ bz{gLo :yn xf] . of] klg Ps /f;d08n
xf], hxfF >L j[ifefg'glGbgL /fwf/fgL / /f;]à/ >Ls[i0fn]
do"/L Pj+ do"/sf] ¿k lnP/ g[To ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .
To; g[Todf ;Dk"0f{ ;vLx¿n] dNxf/ cflb gfgf
k|sf/sf /fuo'Qm ;ÍLtåf/f pxf“x¿nfO{ cfglGbt
t'NofPsf lyP—
ls/Ll6g] gd:t' E o+ do" / lk| o jNne .
;' / Dofo} dxfs'Ø } lzvl08 kbj] Z dg] ..
gdM ;vL ;d] t fo /fwfs[ i 0ffot] gdM .
ljdnf] T ;j b] j fo j| h dÍn x] t j] ..
ljnf;u9– of] ljnf;u9 lji0f'kj{tsf] lzv/df cjl:yt 5 .
oxf“ /fwfs[i0fn] ljleÙ j|mL8fljnf; ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . o;sf] glhs}
>L/fwfhLn] ;vLx¿;“u w"nf]df v]Ng'ePsf] kfjg :yfg 5 .
>L/fwfhL cfÇgf ;vLx¿;“u w"nf] v]Nb} ug'e{ Psf avt Psk6s
crfgs s[i0fhL cfOk'Ug'eof] . ;vLx¿n] lgif]w ubf{ub}{ eujfg\
v]nd08ndf k|jz ] ug'e{ of], tTsfn} 7"nf] cf“wL cfP/ w"nf] p8fpg
yfn]kl5 Toxf“ s]xL gb]lvg] eof] . ToxL cj;/ 5f]k]/ s[i0fhLn]
/flwsfhLsf] r'Dag lng'eof] . afNofsfn / of}jgsfnsf] joM;GwLsf]
;dodf of] nLnf ePsf] lyof] . hxf“ of] nLnf ePsf] lyof] To;}
:yfgdf cfh ljnf;–dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 .
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Evidences of the Divine authenticity of Bharatiya scriptures
There are three kinds of evidences:
documentary, circumstantial and eyewitness.
In the scriptural terms they are
called shabd (documentary), anuman (inferential
or circumstantial) and pratyakch(eyewitness). We
have all the three kinds of evidences to
authenticate the Divinity of all the scriptures along
with their descriptions.
(a) We have a system. The scriptures
themselves tell their origin in their writings. The
Upnishads, which are the first revelations, tell that
the Vedas, the Upnishads and all of the Rishis and
Sages were produced by God Maha Vishnu
Himself and are protected by Him.
Not only at one place but at many places it has
been documented in the Upnishads. The
Brihadaranyakopnishad (2/4/10) says that all the
four Vedas, Upnishads, Puranas, History and other
affiliates and subsidiaries of the Vedas along with
their grammar were produced by God Himself.
Again, in the Chandogyopnishad (7/1/2) it is said
that the History (called Itihas, which are: the
Ramayan and the Mahabharat) and Puranas are
like the fifth Ved. Also, regarding the period of their
reproduction by Ved Vyas and the time of the war,
the Mahabharat gives the precise astronomical
data when the war had happened.
(b) Considering the depth, extensiveness,
preciseness and perfection of such scriptural
knowledges that are beyond human intellect, it can
easily be inferred that it is super-material
knowledge, thus it can only be Divine. The depth
of the philosophy of God and God realization with
its detailed descriptions, the extensiveness of the
historical descriptions in the Puranas and in the
Mahabharat, the preciseness of the calculations
of the periods and the cycles of ‘time’ (for example:
the beginning of the existing human civilization is
120.5331 million years; the age of the earth planet
and also the existing form of the sun is 1971.9616
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million years in 1998; the very beginning of this
planetary system is 155.521972 trillion years), and
the perfection of the Sanskrit grammar since it was
introduced on the earth planet through the early
Sages of India, are all such unequalled examples
which naturally certify the Divine greatness of our
scriptures.
(c) As regards eyewitness, every God
realized bhakt Saint all the time witnesses the
Divine glory of his beloved God and, remaining in
His association, conceives the theme of all the
scriptures. That’s how when he writes anything it
is perfectly in coordination with the tenets of the
original scriptures. There are an enormous number
of such examples. As far as the existence of the
celestial abodes and its gods are concerned we
don’t need a true Saint to certify it, even an
evolved yogi who has perfected his
samadhi could visualize the celestial gods during
the meditative part of his samadhi.
From the very recent to the very ancient time
we have such biographies of the rasik Saints
whose Divine association with Krishn is
generously described. There were a great number
of Saints in Braj in the last 500 years who wrote
about their visualization of the playfulness of Krishn
in the form of songs called pad. They are in
thousands and are all printed in book form.
A rasik Saint, Surdas, is said to have sung more
than a hundred thousand songs about the
playfulness of the supreme God Krishn. It means
that he sang at least 15 to 25 songs every day.
Out of them more than two thousand songs are
still available. It was the beauty of his description
that he sang them simultaneously as he visualized
them. These Saints also wrote the philosophical
aspects of the form and the virtues of God and
the true path of God realization. In this way they
witnessed the Divinity and authenticated the
Divineness of our scriptures.
We have thus abundance of evidences of all
kinds that authenticate the eternal Divineness and
the greatness of our scriptures, the Vedas, the
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Upnishads, the Puranas, the Mahabharat and the
Ramayan etc., which delineate the Divine history
of Sages, Saints, Divine personalities and the
descensions of the supreme God. They also
describe the simple and the easy path of God
realization through devotion (bhakti) and
dedication while detailing the philosophical
aspects of the Divine dimensions and the forms
of God.

General Description of the Eighteen Purans

These accounts have been taken from Narad Puran. Threre are 18 Purans: Brahm Puran, Padm
Puran, Vishnu Puran, Vayu Puran, Bhagwat Maha Puran, Narad Puran, Markandeya Puran, Agni Puran,
Bhavishya Puran, Brahm Vaivart Puran, Ling Puran, Varah Puran, Skand Puran, Vaman Puran, Kurm
Puran, Matsya Puran, Garud Puran and Brahmand Puran.
(1) Brahm Puran. (About 10,000 verses.) It tells about Bhagwan Ram and His leelas, the greatness
and worship of God Surya, birth of Parvati and Her marriage with God Shiv, a detailed description of
Krishn leelas and the duties and discipline of varnashram dharm is also described. (Varnashram dharm:
varn means the four castes, brahman, chatriya, vaishya and shudra; and ashram means the four orders
of life, brahmacharya, grihasth, vanaprasth and sanyas. Dharm means the religious, social and spritiual
discipline to uplift the sattvic qualities of the person.)
(2) Padm Puran. (About 55,000 verses.) It has five sections: Srishti Khand, Bhumi Khand, Swarg
Khand, Patal Khand and Uttar Khand. It details: (a) The greatness (dfxfTDo) of Pushkar, (b) the story of
eliminating the demon Vrittasur, (c) the birth of Narmada (also called the river Narbada), the greatness of
Kashi, story of the ocean churning, (d) the coronation of Bhagwan Ram, the greatness of Jagannathji
(temple), greatness of Vrindaban and the leelas of Krishn, (e) the greatness of Ganga, Allahabad (Prayag),
Kashi and Gaya etc., the stories of 24 Ekadashis (eleven-moon day ) and the greatness of the
Bhagwatam.
(3) Vishnu Puran. (About 23,000 verses.) In the earlier section (k"j{ efu) it tells the stories of Bhakt
Dhruv, Bhakt Prahlad, King Prithu, Priyavrat and his family succession, celestial abodes, manvantars,
descension of Ved Vyas, the leelas of Krishn in Braj, Mathura and Dwarika, the evils of kaliyug and the
four kinds of pralaya. In the later section -pQ/ efu_ it tells the dharmas of all kinds including astrology,
philosophy of brahm (God) and the themes of all the scriptures in general.
(4) Vayu Puran. (In the Bhagwatam, twelfth canto, chapter 13, instead of Vayu Puran, Shiv Puran is
mentioned in the list of the 18 Puranas. Shiv Puran also has about 24,000 verses and it primarily describes
about God Shiv.) In the Vayu Puran, which has about 24,000 verses, god Vayu tells the accounts of the
existing kalp. In its earlier section (k"j{ efu) the creation theory is described in detail and also the history
of the important personalities of the past six manvantars are also given. In its later part (pQ/ efu) a fully
detailed account of God Shiv is described. The Divinity of Narmada (river) is also elaborated. The
Narmada Who is Divine Goddess has descended from the Divine abode and has quite a number of holy
places on its banks, out of which Omkareshwar (Shiv ling) is the main. ...contd.

Source: The Encyclopedia of Authentic Hinduism by H.D. Swami Prakashanand Saraswati

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olb bz{gdfq k|fKt eP klg af/Daf/ lrGtg u/L cfgGbljef]/ x'g'k5{ . lsgeg] pxf“x¿sf] bz{g
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;a} s'/f . o:tf ;b\u'?nfO{ xfdLn] kfP/ klg ;fwf/0f efjgf /fVg'
cGofo xf] .
eujfg\;u“ sf] ldng Tolt w]/} dxŒjk"0f{ x“b' g} hlt ;b\u?' sf]
ldngaf6 x'G5 . olb xfdLn] ;b\u'?;“usf] ldngaf6 cgGt cfgGb
lsg kfPgf}“ eÙ] ;f]Rof}“ eg] To;sf] Psdfq sf/0f of] g} xf] ls—
xfdLn] u'?ldngsf] dxŒj a'¹g] f}“ . pxf“sf] s[kfsf] cg'ej u/]gf}“ .
olb o:t} cj:yfdf xfdLnfO{ eujfg\ g} ldn] tfklg s:tf] kmn
k|fKt xf]nf < ctM ;b\u'?sf] s[kfnfO{ af/Daf/ af/Daf/
lrGtg ug'{ g} ;j{>]i7 ;fwgf xf] . xfdLn] c¿ yf]s s]xL
ug}{ kb}{g . xfdL pg}sf xf}“<, cyjf pxf“ s]jn clego
ub}{ x'gx' G' 5 eÙ] xfdLleqsf] ;+zonfO{ ;w}s“ f] nflu
6f9f /fVg'k5{ . lsgeg] en} xfdL pgsf xf]Ogf}“
t/ pgL t xfd|f x'g\ of] dfÙ' xfd|} jzsf] s'/f
xf] .
j:t' t M olb ;b\ u ' ? n] xfdLnfO{
gckgfpg'ePsf] eP bz{g cflb s;/L
lbg'x'GYof] eÙ] s'/fnfO{ b[9 agfpg'k5{ . a;,
oxL k|df0fnfO{ kSsf dfg]/ ;b\u'?dfly k"0f{ ljàf; /fVg'k5{ . ta pxf“;“usf] xfd|f] ;DaGw b[9
x'G5 . h;/L pxf“;“usf] xfd|f] ;DaGw c¹ a9L b[9 eP/ hfG5 To;/L g} xfdL;“u ;b\u'?sf] ;DaGw
¹g\ a9L b[9 eP/ hfG5 . / o;/L g} Ps lbg of] ;DaGwn] k"0f{tf k|fKt u5{ . Tof] lbg ;b\u'?sf] s]jn
bz{g dfqn] klg k/d ;f}efUosf] cg'e"lt u/]/ xfdL k/d cfglGbt x'G5f}“ . oxL cl;d cfgGbdf
8'a]/ xfdL d"lR5{t;Dd x'g k'U5f}“ . æ>L u'?j] gdMÆ sf] jf:tljs cy{ olx xf] .
u'Ÿa|ê
{ f u'Ÿlj{i0f'M uŸb]j{ f] dx]Zj/M.
u'ŸM ;fIfft\ k/+ a|ê t:d} >L u'Ÿj] gdM..

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a;Gtk+rdL dxf]T;j cv08 ;ÍLt{g
df3 !*, a;Gtk+rdL rf8n] /lÍg a;Gt Ct'sf] z'efudgsf] df3 !^, ¿kWofg;lxtsf] ;ËLt{g ;fwgfsf] ljlzi6 /; xf] .
;Ë]t lbg] ub{5 . nLnfk'?iff]Qd eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] o;} lbg h'g /;df 8'a]/ efj'shg cfÇgf k|f0faNne Zofd;'Gb/sf
j|hwfddf h'g k|d] / /;sf] jiff{ u/fpg'xG' Yof] Tof] cj0f{gLo lgTogjfodfg\ nLnfx¿sf] cf:jfbg ug]{ ub{5g\ . Zofdf Zofd
5 . o;}sf] :d/0fdf Zofdf Zofd wfd l7dLdf Ps lbj;Lo wfd l7dLdf x'b“ } cfO/x]sf] ;fwgf elQmsf] cEof;nfO{ ;fws
;T;Í sfo{ j | m dsf] cfof] h gf ul/of] . ;xefuL ;fws ;T;ÍLaLr c¹ a9L ;'b[9 t'Nofpg kf“r lbj;Lo cv08
;T;ÍLx¿n] pNnf; Pj+ elQmdo jftfj/0fdf Ct'/fh ;ËLt{g sfo{j|mdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . kf“r lbg;Dd lg/Gt/
a;Gtsf] :jfut u/] . ;f] lbg elQm–dlGb/df :jfut bLksf] ¿kdf rn]sf] pQm ;fwgf sfo{jm| daf6 ;xefuL ;fwsx¿n]
klg k|Hjng ul/Psf] lyof] . ljz]if nfe k|fKt u/] . clGtd lbg elQm–dlGb/df bLkfjnL
u/L ;f] sfo{j|mdnfO{ lj>fd lbOof] .
lgMz'Ns bGt lzlj/
df3 !*, hub\u?' >Lsf] k|/] 0ffcg'¿k hLjsNof0ffy{ Zofdf Zofdf
wfd ;b}j lj|mofzLn /x“b} cfPsf] 5 . o;} j|mddf sf7df8f}+b]lv
sl/a !&) lsld b"/Ldf /x]sf] bf]nvf lhNnfsf] d}gfkf]v/L glhs
ljs6 ufp“ gfDb'df Ps lbj;Lo lgMz'Ns bGt k/L¸0f Pj+ cf}ifwL
ljt/0f lzlj/sf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . jl/i7 lrlsT;ssf] 6f]nLåf/f
cg'udg ul/Psf] ;f] lzlj/af6 @%# hgf u|fdjf;Lx¿n] nfe
lnPsf lyP eg] tLghgfsf] hl6n zNolj|mof;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .
;dfhdf cfWoflTds hfu/0fsf] nflu sflGtk'/ 6LeLdf lbgx'“ k|;f/0f
x'g] hub\u?' >Lsf] k|jrgsf] k|rf/–k|;f/ hg–hgdf k'¥ofpg] x]tn' ]
;f] sfo{j|md b'u{d ufp“df ;d]t cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .

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