EPMATH153 Exercises

also first half of

EPMATH309 Exercises
by Scott Sciffer

Exercises Lecture 1
Exercises 1.1
1

Find all prime numbers less than 100.

List all the factors or divisors of 30 and of 48. Hence nd all common factors. What
is the GCD?

List all multiples of 30 and of 48 up to 500. Hence nd the common multiples.

What is the LCM?

4
By using factor trees, decompose the following numbers into their prime factorisations.
(a) 144

(b) 196

(c) 200

(d) 275

Find the LCM and GCD of each pair of numbers from exercise 4 above.

What is the smallest common denominator you could choose to do

1
1
+
?
144 196

The proper factors of a number n are all the factors of the n except for n itself. For
example, the factors of 6 are 1,2,3 and 6 ... but the proper factors of 6 are just 1,2
and 3. A number is called perfect if it is the sum of its proper factors. For example,
6 is a perfect number since 6=1+2+3. Perfect numbers are quite rare. Show that 28
is a perfect number. (If you ever nd an odd perfect number let me know ... it will
make me famous!)

Exercises 1.2
(a) 5 7 =
(c) 5 7 =
(e) 3 7 5 =
(g) 3 5 7 =
(i) (3)3 =
(k) (5)2 =
(m) 3 (5 7) =
(o)

6 12
=
3

(b) 5 7 =
(d) 5 7 =
(f) 3 + 7 =
(h) 3 5 7 =
(j) 52 =
(l) 3(5 7) =
6 12
=
(n)
3
1 2
(p)
=
3 4

Exercises Lecture 2
Exercises 2.1
1

Reduce the following fractions to their lowest form.

(a) 3/15 (b) 12/108 (c) 15/85 (d) 36/84 (e) 144/192

Write the following mixed fractions as improper fractions.

3
(d) 3 12
(a) 1 23 (b) 2 47 (c) 5 11
17
3
Write the following improper fractions as mixed fractions.
7
24
43
112
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3
7
11
17
4 Add, subtract, multiply and divide each of the following pairs of fractions.
1
1
2
3
25
5
(a) and
(b) and
(c)
and
2
3
5
7
12
9
Exercises 2.2
1

Find the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle if the other two sides are

(a) 3 and 4 (b) 5 and 12 (c) 9 and 40.

2
Find the length of the side of a triangle if the hypotenuse and its other side are

(a) 13 and 12 (b) 41 and 9 (c) 20 and 4.

3
A swimming pool is 50 metres long and 15 metres wide. How far, to the nearest
metre, must you swim to go diagonally across the pool?
Exercises 2.3
1

Write the following surds in their lowest form.

8
28
80
40
160

18
500
162
192
12

125
108
450
24
63

72

96

32

48

150

2
10
3
27
242
9
25
16
4
2
Write the following surds in the form n x.

(a) 2 3 (b) 5 2 (c) 3 7 (d) 3 3 3

3
Simplify

7 29 2+5 2
4 32 3+5 3

12 + 27
18 + 50

20 + 125 45
27 + 108 12

63 28 112
128 98 + 72

50 + 63 28
180 + 28 2 5
3

20

45

54

245
72
25

8 + 32

75 48

125 + 5 80

75 + 32 27

4 48 5 27

2 54 + 3 150

147 4 3

128 + 3 18 162

7 24 4 5 + 2 6

2 363 + 5 243 + 192

3 24 5 54

3 125 2 80

4 45 3 54 6 5

3 32 + 2 50 8 18

a3 + 2 a

12 + 2 48

80 + 2 245

3 8 + 5 18 9 2

128 + 4 75 162

x3 + x 4x

Simplify

3 3

5 6

4 52 2

2 7 63

2( 8 2)

2 3(4 2 5 3)

(3 2)2

( 3 + 4)( 3 2)

( 3 + 2)2

( 5 2)( 5 + 2)

(3 5 2 3)2

(2 5 3)(2 5 + 3)

Find the product of each pair of conjugate surds.

(3 + 2)(3 2)
( 5 1)( 5 + 1)

( 6 2)( 6 + 2)
(4 + 5)(4 5)

( 5 + 3)( 5 3)
( 7 2)( 7 + 2)

(2 7 3)(2 7 + 3)
(3 2 1)(3 2 + 1)

( 12 4)( 12 + 4)
(2 5 2)(2 5 + 2)

(5 3 + 3 2)(5 3 3 2)
(4 11 5)(4 11 + 5)

(6 7 + 3)(6 7 3)
(9 2 + 5 3)(9 2 5 3)

Multiply each of the following by its conjugate surd.

21
82
2 3+5
3 7 5
8 22 3

6+ 3
6 21
2 5+ 3
4 5+5 2
5 3

7+2
11 5
52 2
5 8 3
2 11 3 5

Rationalise the denominator of the following surds.

3
4
1
7

2
5
3
7

4
3
7
10

6
3 7
14
2 5

2 5
7 3
12
1

4 5
5 3
3 10
2 6

( 5)2

7 3

10 3 5 11

27 13 3

3( 3 + 2 3)

2 7( 3 + 6 2)

3 3( 8 + 2 2)

( 2 + 3)( 5 + 3)

( 5 + 3)2

(2 3 + 2)(3 3 2)

( 7 + 1)( 7 1)

( 7 2 3)( 5 3 2)

3 35 3

23 6

2 33 2 3

8 5 125

7(3 7 2)

2( 8 + 32)

2 6(3 3 5 2)

( 7 2)( 3 + 5)

( 7 2)2

(2 7 + 1)2

2( 18 + 8 4 2)

(3 5 2 2)(2 5 + 3 2)

(7 3)(7 + 3)

( 3 2)( 3 + 2)

( 11 + 5)( 11 5)

(6 2 2)(6 + 2 2)

(7 + 2 3)(7 2 3)

(2 7 13)(2 7 + 13)

2 2

3 2

4 2

3 8


31

3
1

2+ 3

3 2+ 5
4 32 2

2 5
3 2
3
2

5+ 3
2 21

5
1
5
3
6

31
5+ 7
2 51
5+2 6
4 3+5

1
2 5
7
6
2

7+1
3 6 2
4 5+3 7
3 52 2
3 8 12

3 21
3+2 5
4 7+2
3 2
7 2

3+ 2
7+ 2
3 2+1
2 51
2 7+1
8
Use a calculator to nd decimal approximations to the following. Express your
answer to 3 dp and to 3 sf.

54
108
96
450
5+ 3
27

2+1

3
1

2+1

7
2

3+ 2

5 3+8 2
6

4 7
6

72 5

3 2

6
1

3 2

(2 +

3)2

5 2

51

7( 5 + 3)

(3 +

4 22 3

3 2

5+2 3

2 31

11 3 7

6 2

5 21

5 2+1

6)(5

3)

Exercises Lecture 3

Exercises 3.1
1

Write 26 in base 2, base 5 and base 7.

What number (base 10) does 111b represent if b = 2, 5 or 7?

Evaluate without a calculator.

1
1
1
1
1
92
27 3
83
64 3
125 3
4
1
1
1
1
3
3
16 4
256 4
243 5
32 5
92
42
2
2
3
3
4
3
83
27 3
256 4
16 4
32 5
243 5
4
5
2.5
2.5
125 3
64 3
41.5 
91.5 
16
25
 53
 43


1.5
2.5
25
9
8
27
13
15
343
32
9
16
27
8
4
Simplify, expressing your answer in index form as powers of 2 and 3.
8 25 35
16 31 32
(3 25 )2
7
7
9 2 81
92


1
2
8 35
27 25
2
1
(2 3)
27 9
64 35
5
Simplify, expressing your answer in index form as powers of 2,3 and 5.
4
1

8 3 32 5
3
4
4
5

5 5 5
2 2 2
3
4
1
2

25 2 10 4
8 2 6 2
27 3 9 3

1
3
3
10 2
18 2
6
Simplify using index laws.
3
a2 a3 a7
x x4 x5
1

3a2 b3 2a4 b1

15m3 n4 p7
5m2 n5 p

12x2 y 5 z 2
4x4 y 4 z

18c4 d2
3c3 d2

15b3 c4
3bc4

4g 3 h5
12g 5 h3

7m2 n3
14m4 n2

(3x2 b3 )4

(2a4 b2 )3

5 2

2x

2 3

3x y

2 3 2

(a y )


2a2 b3
b3

1

12a3 b2
6a3 b2

(4a2 b)2
8a2 b1


3 5 4

(x b

6a2 b1
(2a3 b2 )3

(3ab1 )2
((a2 b)4
21a3 b2
7a5 b2

(2a3 b)3
4a1 b
6

3a3 b4
a5

1

4x4 y 3
(3x2 y 3 )2

(2x1 y)3
(x1 y)3

a3x ay
a2x a3y

b2x b3y
bx b2y

7a2m 3an
42a5m6n

3b3x 2b2y
24b2x3y a3y

62x 2x
31x

41x 6x
32x

Write the following fractions as repeating decimals.

2
(a) 2/9 (b) 3/11 (c) 3/7 (d) 7/13 (e) 1 11
8
Write the following repeating decimals as fractions.
5 (d) 1.23 (e) 0.9
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.2 3 (c) 0.234

9
Find 2 from your calculator, and write down all the digits it displays. Now

subtract these digits away from 2. Why isnt the answer zero? Why doesnt the

answer have more digits?

Exercises 3.2
1

Write the following numbers in scientic notation.

(a) 7892 (b) 0.007654 (c) 760 (d) 7.765

How many signicant gures have each of the following.

(a) 987 (b) 9.87 (c) 9.870 (d) 0.0987
3
Three students working together on an experiment each wrote their lab reports
separately, giving their results as 12 , 0.5 and 0.50. Explain why none of these answers
are the same.
Exercises 3.3
1.

Find the real and imaginary parts, and the complex conjugate of the complex

numbers 5 + 3i and 2 2i.

2.
Add, subtract, multiply and divide the numbers 5 + 3i and 3 + 5i.

Exercises Lecture 4

Exercise 4.1
1

Expand and simplify.

3x2 + 4x + 2x(x 4)
3b2 4b 2b(b + 4)

6a2 3a + 6 + 5a(2a + 1)
4m2 + 6m 5m(2m 8)

3y 2 5y 4 3y(2y 6)

x2 3x + 8 x(5x + 3)

16 5n 3n2 8n(n 3)
4x3 3x2 + 6x 2x(5 3x + 2x2 )

6a3 4a2 18a + 3a(a2 2a + 6)

m2 n 2mn2 + mn 3mn(m 4n + 5)

3a(a 4) + 2a(3a + 6)
m(2m 7) 5m(4m + 1)

4x(x + 6) 3x(x 4)
2y(6 + 4y) 6y(2 3y)

6c(3c + 8) 2c(c 1)
3a(a2 2a + 1) + a(a2 3a)
n2 (3n + 6) 5n(2n2 4n + 1)
2
More expand and simplify.

2b(b 4) b(2b + 5)
4x(x2 + 3x 5) 2x(3x2 5x + 6)
2m2 (3m2 + 2m + 6) 5m(3m2 4m)

(x + 2)(x + 3)
(m + 1)(m 6)
(a + 3)(3a 4)

(a + 1)(a + 5)
(y + 5)(y 8)
(2b + 4)(b 2)

(x + 3)(x 1)
(n + 2)(2n + 6)
(3x + 2)(4x 5)

(2z + 7)(z 1)
(m 7)(m + 1)
(x 1)(x 3)
(2x + 3y)(2 + 2y)
(x 2y)(3x y)
(2x2 + x)(x + 4)
(a + b)(a b)

(x 4)(2x + 3)
(3c + 4)(5c + 2)
(a 3)(2a 5)
(a + b)(3a 4b)
(x + 2)(y 3)
(a 7)(3a2 a)
(3x + 1)(3x 1)

(3a 2)(2a + 5)
(4n 3)(n + 3)
(3m 1)(2m + 1)
(2m n)(3m + n)
(a + 3)(2a 3b)
(2x + 4)(2x + 4)
(3n 1)(3n 1)

Exercise 4.2
1

Evaluate the following without a calculator.

5+47
20 12 4
6+485
36+34
8 10 5
9665
50 5 40 8
30 + 70 2 + 25
36 9 + 6 7
35 120 5
72 4 2
54 4 6

2
2
2
7 54
5 + 6 16
6 3

81 + 7 9
15 + 5 23
33 + 3 64

81 9
15 3 125 4
25 3 8
8

Exercises 4.3
1

Expand the following.

(y 1)2
(x + 3)2
(m 4)2
(2x + 1)2

(a + 6)2
(3b 1)2

(5a + 2)2
(4a 3b)2

(2x + 3y)2
(6n 5m)2

(6y + 5)2
(1 + 9m)2

(7y + 2z)2
(mn + 2)2
(ab 3)2
(xy 1)2
(2ab + c)2
(3xy z)2
(a 4bc)2
(x2 + 5)2
(a2 1)2
(1 + 3a2 )2
(m2 + n2 )2
(x3 1)2
2
Write the following as perfect squares.
(b) t2 8t + 16
(c) 9a2 + 4b2 + 12ab
(a) x2 + 4x + 4
1
1
(f) x2 + 2 + 2
(e) s2 + s +
(d) s2 + 4t2 4st
4
x
Exercises 4.4
1

What number/expression is needed to complete the square?


x2 4x + 

x2 + 10x + 

x + 6x + 
2
2
2
x + 14x + 

x 8x + 

x + 20x + 

x2 + 12x + 

x2 10x + 

x2 + 2x + 

2
2
2

x + 3x + 

x 5x + 

x 16x + 

x2 + 2 7x + 

x2 + 8xy + 

4a2 4ab + 4 + 

2
2
Write the following in the form (x + ) 
.
x2 4x
x2 + 10x
x2 + 6x
x2 + 14x
x2 8x
x2 + 20x
x2 10x
x2 + 2x
x2 + 12x
x2 16x
x2 + 3x
x2 5x

x2 + 2 7x
x2 + 8xy
4a2 4ab + 4
2

Exercises Lecture 5
Exercises 5.1
1

By
 inspection, nd valuesof a and b satisfying 
a + b = 10
a+b = 8
a + b = -10
(a)
(b)
(c)
ab
= 21
ab
=7
ab
= 24



a+b = 8
a + b = -3
a+b = 5
(d)
(e)
(f)
ab
= -6
ab
= 15
ab
= -28
2
Factorise the following monic quadratics. (Refer to question 1)
(b) x2 + 8x + 7
(c) x2 10x + 24
(a) x2 + 10x + 21
(d) x2 + 8x + 15
3

(e) x2 3x 28

Factorise the following monic quadratics.

(a) x2 2x 63
(b) y 2 + 6y + 5
(d) a2 + 14a + 45

(e) b2 29b + 100

(f) x2 + 5x 6
(c) z 2 z 110
(f) m2 + 4m 77

Exercises 5.2
1.

Factorise the following non-monic quadratics.

(b) 2x2 + 5x + 2
(c) 2x2 + 7x + 3
(a) 3x2 + 5x + 2
(d) 6x2 7x 3
(e) 3x2 13x + 14
(f) 10x2 7x + 12

Exercises 5.3
1

Factorise the following.

x2 1
a2 b2
y 2 16
25 n2
m2 49
16x2 25
4x2 9y 2
36x2 4y 2
36x2 49y 2
25a2 b2 4c2
a2 b2 c2
a2 81b2
m2 n2 16k 2
16 9m2
25x2 100
a2 x2 16b2 y 2

9 4b2
a2 9b2
64 36m2
49x2 64y 2 z 2
a4 25
x4 100
x4 y 4
(x + a)2 b2

49a2 121b2
1 64m2

(x + 2y)2 16z 2
(y + 4)2 (y 2)2

81x2 25y 2
1 36a2 b2

Exercises 5.4
1.

Factorise the following sums and dierences of cubes.

10

x3 + 27
a3 64
t3 1
x3 + 125
y 3 1000
2.
3.

m3 + 1
4a3 + 32
2x3 54
5m3 5
8x3 + 27

27a3 1
3x3 81
8x3 125
4t3 500
5y 3 5000

Factorise x6 y 6 .
Factorise x7 y 7 and x7 + y 7 .

Exercises 5.5
1.
2.

Extend Pascals triangle to the sixth row.

Expand (x + y)5 using the distributive law, and check the result against that pre-

dicted above by Pascals triangle.

3.
Use Pascals triangle to expand the following.
(a) (a + b)6 (b) (x y)4 (c) (x + 2y)3

11

Exercises Lecture 6
Exercises 6.1
1

Find the value of the variable in each of the following equations.

y2=7
3y = 21

5x = 40
x + 12 = 20

x + 17 = 8
a = 8

42 = 7x

16 = x + 1

6x 24 = 0

9y = 27

8a 2 = 46

7m = 5m + 16

28 = 12x 5x
5x 2 = x + 17

11x + 17 = 39
9a + 8 = 3a + 44

30 8y = 70
12y 3y = 4y + 30

a + 2a 6a = 15
8(a + 6) = 72

14x 6x + 18 = 50
3(a 12) = 2a

4(x 3) = 12
9y = 5(y + 8)

7(2x 3) = 9x

3(x + 6) = 2x + 40

5(a 3) = 2(a + 6)

3(3y + 1) = 4(y + 8)
12 + 3x = 4(1 + x)

12(x 1) = 2(4x + 14)

6(y 1) = 3(y + 8)

8(3m + 2) = 4(5m + 10)

2(m 4) + 3(m + 3) = 36

172 (y + 18) = 5(y + 20)

40 5(7 x) = 3(x + 1)

2x
=6
3

x+2
= 40
5

x+6
=3
5

12
=3
x

9y 12
=7
6

5x + 3
=2
x

9
3
=4
2x
x

m
2m 1
=
3
2

x+1
2x + 4
=
x1
2x 3

8
=4
x

x x
=1
2
3

x
x 15
2= +
3
6
2

4
3
=
2x
4

2x 3
x+4
=
2
3

a+2
a
= 2
3
2

t
3t 4

=6
2
2

x1
x+1
=
3
2

2x 1
x+2
=
2x + 3
x1

3x + 4
=2
x

x3
x+2
=4
2
3

3m m 2

=0
5
4

6
7
+2=
+5
x
2x

x
5x + 4
=3
3
2

x
4
+
=1
x+2 x+6

4 3x
x+6
=
1 + 3x
1x

Make x the subject of each of the following equations.

1
(a) y = 3x 4
(b) y =
(c) y = x 9
x
12

(d) y =

x+1
2x + 1

(e) y =

1
+3
x+3

(f) xy = x + y

Exercises 6.2
Solve the following systems of simultaneous
equations bysubstitution.


5x + 2y = 12
4p 3q = 11
ab=2
(a)
(b)
(c)
3x 2y = 4
5p + 3q = 7
a + b = 4


2x + 3y = 14
4x
+ 5y + 2 = 0
7t + v = 12
(f)
(d)
(e)
x + 3y = 4
4x + y + 10 = 0

4t + v = 13

2
4w1 + 3w2 = 11
y = x2
y=x
(g)
(i)
(h)
3w1 + w2 = 2
y=x
2x + y = 0



a+b=2
xy = 1
x2 + y 2 = 9
(k)
(l) b + c = 3
(j)
4x y + 3 = 0
x+y =3
a+c=4
Exercises 6.3
Repeat Exercise 6.2 using the method of elimination, if possible.

13

Exercises Lecture 7
Exercises 7.1
1

Write down the solutions of the following equations.

(x 4)(x 6) = 0
(x 5)(x 7) = 0

(y + 2)(y 2) = 0
(y + 5)(4y 1) = 0

(x + 6)(x + 3) = 0
x(x + 5) = 0

(x 8)(x + 6) = 0

(y + 4)(y 4) = 0

(x 5)(x 2) = 0

(x 1)(x + 8) = 0
(x + 5)(x + 7) = 0

(2y 1)(3y + 1) = 0
(y 2)(2y 1) = 0

(3x 2)(x + 3) = 0
4x(2x 3) = 0

Solve the following equations by factoring.

y 2 + 8y + 7 = 0
z 2 + 13z + 40 = 0
x + 7x + 12 = 0
x2 8x + 7 = 0
b2 10b + 25 = 0
c2 + 15c + 36 = 0
d2 10d 11 = 0
h2 4h + 4 = 0
x2 2x 8 = 0
2

3p2 + 5p + 2 = 0
35x2 = 12x 1

2q 2 + 5q + 2 = 0
2 + x 10x2 = 0

2r2 11r + 12 = 0
41x = 3 + 26x2

x3 + 3x2 + 2x = 0

x3 + 6x2 + 9x = 0

3x3 13x2 + 14x = 0

Exercises 7.2
1

Solve the following equations using the quadratic formula, if a solution exists.
(b) 2x2 + 7x + 2 = 0
(c) 7x2 = 4x + 1
(a) x2 4x 1 = 0
(e) 3x2 + 9x + 5 = 0
(f) 9x2 6x + 1 = 0
(d) x2 + 3x + 5 = 0
(g) 4x2 36x = 0
(h) 6a2 + 5a = 6
(i) 7b2 3b 1 = 0
(k) x2 = 2x + 48
(l) 18x2 24x 3x3 = 0
(j) 4x2 12x + 9 = 0
2
Without solving the equations, use the discriminant to determine the number of
distinct real solutions to the following quadratic equations.
(b) 3x2 4x + 2 = 0
(c) 2x2 + x 2 = 0
(a) 3x2 + 5x + 2 = 0
(e) 7x2 5x + 4 = 0
(f) x2 + x + 14 = 0
(d) 9x2 30x + 25 = 0

Exercises 7.3
1

Solve the following cubic equations.

(a) x3 + 5x2 + 6x = 0 (b) x3 + 2x2 x 2 = 0
2
Solve the following quartic equations.
(a) x4 5x2 + 4 = 0 (b) x4 8x3 + 15x2 = 0
3
Solve the following equations.
1
8
(a) x 1 =
(b) x2 2 = 2
x+1
x
14

4.

Find all solutions of the following equations (if possible!!).

x3 4x2 + 5x 2 = 0
x3 6x2 + 11x 6 = 0
x3 + 3x2 + 6x 8 = 0
x3 x2 5x 3 = 0
2x3 x2 5x 2 = 0
4x3 3x 1 = 0
x3 + x2 + 3x 3 = 0
x3 + 2x2 7x 2 = 0
2x3 + 7x2 4x 21 = 0

x3 + x2 4x 2 = 0

15

Exercises Lecture 8
Exercises 8.1
1

Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.

(a) 5 > 3

(b)

1
7

1
5

(c)

1
7

< 15

(d)

22
7

(e)

1
2 2

1+

2
2

2 Express each of the following sets of numbers using interval notation and graphically.
(a) 2 x < 1

(b) x > 3 or x 2

(c) x < 3 and x 2

Exercises 8.2
Solve the following inequalities.
x
(a) x + 4 > 7
(b) 4 6
3
r3
> 6
(e) 5x < 20 + x
(d)
2
x
x
1
x+6
x
(h) +
(g)
2
4
6 12
1
1
1
(k)
>1
(j)
x+2
x+3

(c) 3 + 4y 2(1 y)
(f) 8 < 3x 2 4
2b 5
b+6
(i)
+3
8
12
x
1
(l)
>
x+1
2

Exercises 8.3
Solve the following quadratic inequalities. Graph
(b) y 2 + 8y + 7 0
(a) x2 + 7x + 12 > 0
(e) x2 + x 6 > 0
(d) 9 x2 > 0
(g) 6x2 + x 2
(h) x2 16

your solutions on the number line.

(c) z 2 + 13z + 40 0
(f) 2x2 15x + 25 0
(i) x2 < x + 6

Exercises 8.4
Find the value of the following expressions involving absolute values.
(a) |17|

(b) | |

(c) |2 3|

(d) 3 | 4|

(e) |3 | 4||

(f) | x|

Exercises 8.5
1 Solve the following equations involving absolute values.
(a) |x| = 6
(b) | x| = 6
(d) |x 2| = 4
(e) |5 x| = 8
(g) |x + 1| = x
(h) |2x| = 9 x
(j) |x + 1| + |x 1| = 4
(k) |x 2| = |x 4| + 1
|x| = 6
|4x| = 20
16

(c) | 4x| = 20
(f) |2x 4| = 12
(i) |x + 3| = |x 1|
(l) |x 2| + |x + 1| = 3
|x 5| = 8

|2x 3| = 17

|5x + 2 = 12

|2x + 3| = |x + 10|

|3x 12| = 0
|9x + 2| = |3x 4|

|2x 5| = |x + 2|
|2x + 1| = |x 2|

|7x 4| = |3x + 16|

2|x + 8| = 3|x + 5|

5|x 7| = |9x + 1|

6|x + 3| 2|x + 1| = 0

|7x 3| = 4|x + 6|

|3x + 1| = 2x + 4
|4x 1| = 2x + 7
|2x| = 9 x
2 Solve the following inequalities involving absolute values.
|x| > 6
|x 2| 4

| x| > 6
|5 x| 8

| 4x| < 20
|2x 4| > 12

|x + 1| > x

|2x| 9 x

|x + 3| |x 1|

|x + 1| + |x 1| < 4

|x 2| |x 4| + 1

|x 2| + |x + 1| 3

17

Exercises Lecture 9
Exercises 9.1
1.

Find the next three terms of the following sequences, and write down a formula to
describe the sequences (if you can).
1

18

54

27

64

11

13
8

17
13

21

Exercises 9.2
1.

Find the sum of the numbers from 1 to 1000.

2.
What is the 27th term of the arithmetic sequence 5, 8, 11, 14...? What is the sum
of the rst 27 terms?
3.
Find the sum of the odd numbers from 1 to 2n+1.
Exercises 9.3
1.

What is the 12th term of the geometric sequence 8, 4, 2, 1...? What is the sum of

the rst 12 terms? What is the sum of the entire series (i.e. innitely many terms)?
2.
Prove that 0.9 = 1.

18

Exercises Lecture 10
Exercises 10.1
For each of the following pairs of points, nd their midpoint and the distance between
them.
(a) (1,2) and (4,6)

(b) (2,-3) and (-4,-1)

(c) (3,7) and (3,-2)

Exercises 10.3
Use graph paper to plot some points on the graphs of the following functions or
relations. Attempt to extrapolate to obtain a complete graph of the function. What is the
domain and range of each function?
(a) y = 2x

(b) y = x2

(e) y = x3

(f) y = x2 + 4x 21

(c) y =

16 x2

1
(d) y =
x
x
(h) y 2 = x3 + x
(g) y = 2
x +1

19

Exercises Lecture 11
Exercise 11.1
1

Find the equation of each of the following straight lines and graph them.
(a)
(b)

The line with slope 2 cutting the y-axis at 3.

The line with slope -1 through the point (2, 5).

(c)

The line through the two points (1, 1) and (3, 5).

(d)
(e)

The line through the points (2, 7) and (5, 7).

The line through the points (2, 7) and (2, 6).

Solve the equations y = 2x + 1 and y = 3x 1 simultaneously, and graph the two

lines on the same graph. At which point do the two lines intersect?

Exercises 11.2
1

Sketch the graphs of the following quadratics.

(a) y = (x1)(x3) (b) f (x) = x(x+4) (c) y = x2 +3x+1 (d) f (x) = x2 +x+1
2
Using your sketches from question 1 solve the following quadratic inequalities.
(a) (x 1)(x 3) 0 (b) x(x + 4) < 0 (c) x2 + 3x + 1 > 0 (d) x2 + x + 1 0

20

Exercises Lecture 12
Exercises 12.1
1

Sketch the graphs of the following polynomials.

(a) y = (x 1)(x 3)(x + 2) (b) f (x) = x(x + 5)(x 1)(3 x) (c) p(x) = x2 (x 1)
(d) y = 4x x3 (e) q(x) = x3 + 3x2 x 3 (f) f (x) = x4 + 2x3 x2 2x

Exercises 12.2
1

State the centre and radius of the following circles, and hence sketch their graphs.
(a) x2 + y 2 = 4 (b) (x 2)2 + (y + 5)2 = 14 (c) x2 + (y + 1)2 = 3

Write the equation of the circle x2 + 2x + y 2 10y + 10 = 0 in standard form, and

hence draw its graph.

Exercises 12.3
1

State the centre and the semi-minor axes of the following ellipses. Hence sketch
their graphs.
 2  2
2 
2

x
y
x1
y+2
(y 1)2
x2
(a)
+
=1
+
= 1 (b)
+
= 1 (c)
3
2
3
4
3
4

Write the equation of the ellipse 9x2 + 36x + 4y 2 8y + 4 = 0 in standard form,

and hence draw its graph.

Exercises 12.4
1

Sketch the graphs of the following hyperbolae.

5
1
(a) xy = 1 (b) y =
(c) y =
x
x+1

21

Exercises Lecture 13
Exercises 13.1
The parabola y = x2 is translated so that its vertex is at (2, 1). Sketch the new
parabola and write down its equation.
2
Draw the graph of y = |x|. Using the translation principle deduce the graphs of
1

y = |x + 2| and y = |x| + 2.
Exercises 13.2
1
2

By considering the asymptotic behaviour, sketch the graph of y = 1/x2 .

Use the translation principle, and your answer to 1, to sketch y = 1/(x + 1)2 .

By examining the asymptotic behaviour, sketch the graphs of

x
x2
1
(b) 2
(c) 2
(a) 2
x +1
x +1
x +1
4
By examining the asymptotic behaviour, sketch the graphs of
x
x2
1
(b) 2
(c) 2
(a) 2
x 1
x 1
x 1
5

By examining the asymptotic behaviour, sketch the graph of y = x +

Exercises 13.3
1

By considering graph of the denominator, sketch the graphs of

1
1
1
1
(a) y = 2
(b) y = 2
(d) y =
(c) y =
2
x
x 1
|x| 2
1x

22

1
.
x

Solutions to exercises
Solutions Lecture 1
Exercise 1.1
1

2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97

Factors of 30 are 1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30.

Factors of 48 are 1,2,3,4,6,8,12,16,24,48.
Common factors are 1,2,3,6. GCD is 6

Multiples of 30 are 30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,330,360,390,420,450,480 ...

Multiples of 48 are 48,96,144,192,240,288,336,384,432,480 ...
Common multiples are 240,480, ... LCM is 240.

Decompose the following numbers into their prime factors.

(a) 24 32

(b) 22 72

(c) 23 52

(d) 52 11

5
LCM (144, 196) = 24 32 72

LCM (144, 200) = 24 32 52

GCD(144, 196) = 22
GCD(144, 200) = 23

LCM (144, 275) = 24 32 52 11

LCM (196, 200) = 23 52 72
LCM (196, 275) = 22 52 72 11
LCM (200, 275) = 23 52 11

GCD(144, 275) = 1
GCD(196, 200) = 22
GCD(196, 275) = 1
GCD(200, 275) = 52

LCM (144, 196) = 24 32 72 = 7056

7 Proper factors of 28 are 1,2,4,7,14 ... which add up to 28. Perfect!

Exercises 1.2
(a) 2

(b) 35

(c) 2

(i) 27

(j) 25

(k) 25

(d) 5/7

(e) 1

(l) 36

(m) 15

(f) 4
(n) 2

(g) 105
(o) 6

(h) 15
(p) 1

Solutions Lecture 2
Exercises 2.1
1 (a) 1/5
2 (a)

5
3

3 (a) 2 13

(b) 1/9
(b)

18
7

(b) 3 37

(c) 3/17
(c)

58
11

(c) 3 10
11

(d) 3/7

(d)

(e) 3/4

63
17

(d) 6 10
17

4 Add, subtract, multiply and divide each of the following pairs of fractions.
23

(a) 56 , 16 , 16 , 32

(b)

29
1
6 14
35 , 35 , 35 , 15

(c)

95 55 125 15
36 , 36 , 108 , 4

Exercises 2.2
1

(a) 5

(b) 13

(c) 41

2
3

(a) 5 (b) 40 (c) 2

502 + 152 52m

24

Exercises 2.3

Solutions 2.3
1

2 2

3 2

5 5

6 2

2 7

10 5

6 3

4 6

4 5

9 2

15 2

4 2

2 10

8 3

2 6

4 3

4 10

2 3

3 7

5 6

2
10
3
3 3
11 2
3
5
4
2

2
(a) 12 (b) 50 (c) 63 (d) 3 81

7 3

5 3

4 5

3 7

5 2+ 7

21 6

3 3

8 2

4 5 + 16 6

75 3

3 2

8 2

7 3

7 2

4 5+2 7

9 6

7 5

9 6 + 6 5

2 2

(a + 2) a

2 5

3 5

3 6

7 5

6 2
5

6 2

2 5

2 3+4 2

10 3

18 5

12 2

20 3 2

(x 1) x

4
3

30

8 10
42
2

8 6 30
18

2 35

5+2 6
3

57 12 15
11

21

50 33
3
9

2 21 + 12 14

12 6

3 + 6 + 10 + 15

14 + 6 5

16 + 6
6

35 3 14 2 15 + 6 6
25

45

6 3

18 2

50 2

21 14
12

18 2 20 3

35 + 21 10 6

9 2 14

29 + 4 7
2

18 + 5 10

5
7
2

4
11

46
1

17
16

19
4

28
37

57
87

151
249

15

13

58

116

22
3

33
6

71
17

17
197

30
1

3 2
2

2
2

5
20

6+ 3
3

21

3( 3 + 1)

7 7
6

11 6 2
7
10.392/10.4
0.457/0.457
4.619/4.62
0.318/0.318

4 5
5

4 7
21

3
3

2
2

2
3

3 22 3
6

3+ 2

2
5

3 3
3

2 3

5( 7 5)
2

9+ 3
26

9 2 14
5

9.798/9.80
19.974/20.0
0.567/0.567
2.374/2.37

2
3
2
2

7 2
2
4
3

3 10 + 5
2( 6 1)
10
3

4 2+2
3( 5 3)
2
7

2 5+1
12 5 3
5(5 2 6)
19
23

4 53 7
30 + 4 10
6+ 6
17
37
30

19 6 2
23 + 8 5
2
17
19
21.213/21.2
13.928/13.9
0.336/0.336
1.809/1.81

6.732/6.73
10.499/10.5
0.517/0.517
3.435/3.43

Solutions Lecture 3
Exercises 3.1
26

1.414/1.41
17.809/17.8
0.361/0.361
0.752/0.752

26 = 110102 ,26 = 1015 ,26 = 357 .

1112 = 7,1115 = 31,1117 = 57.

2
3

27

4
625

9
1024

64
8

8
27

16
1024

27
3125

1
7

1
2

27
125

1024
243

25 311

216 33
220 36

22 31

243
32

16
81

210 32
211 38

5
13

5 12
11

36

19

13

2 20
7

23
3

54 24

2 2 3 2
3

6
a12
6a2 b4
6x3 y 5
3mn1 p6
3x2 yz
1 2 8
5b2 c8
6cd4
3g h
1 2 5
81x8 b12
8a12 b6
2m n
1 8 4
a4 y 6
x12 b20
b
3a
48 17 3
9 14 3
1 2 6
b
9a b
2a
2x y
1 12 2
1 3
b
4b
6a
1 5n3m
x4y
5y3x
a
b
2a
1 x+y 3y
a
12
22x 32x2
4b

7
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.2 7 (c) 0.42857
1 (d) 0.53846
1 (e) 1.1 8
23
2343
781
111
37
4
(b)
(c)
=
(d)
=
(e) 1
8
(a)
9
99
9990
3330
90
30
x12

Exercises 3.2
1
2
3

(a) 7.892 103 (b) 7.654 103 (c) 7.6 102 (d) 7.765 100
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 3
Each indicates a dierent level of accuracy in the answer.

Exercises 3.3
1

Re(5 + 3i) = 5, Im(5 + 3i) = 3, 5 + 3i = 5 3i

27

Re(2

2i) = 2, Im(2

2i) = 2, 2 2i = 2 + 2i

28

(5 + 3i) + (3 + 5i) = 2 + 8i
(5 + 3i) (3 + 5i) = 8 2i
(5 + 3i)(3 + 5i) = 15 + 25i 9i + 15i2 = 30 + 16i
5 + 3i
34i
5 + 3i
3 5i
15 25i 9i 15i2
=
=

=
= i
2
3 + 5i
3 + 5i 3 5i
9 + 15i 15i 25i
34
Solutions Lecture 4

Exercises 4.1
1
5x2 4x

16a2 + 2a + 6
46m 6m2

b2 12b
3y 2 + 13y 4
16 + 19n 11n2

8 6x 4x2
9a3 10a2

3x2 4x
9a2
18m2 12m

10mn2 2m2 n 14mn

x2 + 36x
26y 2

16c2 + 50c
4a3 9a2 + 3a
7n3 + 26n2 5n

13b
2x3 + 22x2 32x
6m4 11m3 + 32m2

2
x2 + 5x + 6
m2 5m 6
3a2 + 5a 12
2z 2 + 5z 7
m2 6m 7
x2 4x + 3
2x2 + 7xy + 6y 2
3x2 7xy + 2y 2
2x3 + 9x2 + 4x
a2 b2

x2 + 2x 3
2n2 + 10n + 12
12x2 7x 10
6a2 + 11a 10
4n2 + 9n 9
6m2 + m 1
6m2 mn n2
2a2 + 6a 3ab 9b
4x2 + 16x + 16
9n2 6n + 1

a2 + 6a + 5
y 2 3y 40
2b2 8
2x2 5x 12
15c2 + 26c + 8
2a2 11a + 15
3a2 ab 4b2
xy 3y + 2x 6
3a3 22a2 + 7a
9x2 1

Exercise 4.2
3
33

17

33
29

30

16

24

5
11

195
36

46
30

27

29

29

72
1

55
5

51
12

Exercises 4.3
1
x2 + 6x + 9
m2 8m + 16
25a2 + 20a + 4
16a2 24ab + 9b2
49y 2 + 28yz + 4z 2
x2 y 2 2xy + 1
a2 8abc + 16b2 c2
9a4 + 6a2 + 1

y 2 2y + 1

a2 + 12a + 36

4x2 + 4x + 1
36y 2 + 60y + 25

9b2 6b + 1
4x2 + 12xy + 9y 2

81m2 + 18m + 1
m2 n2 + 4mn + 4

36n2 60mn + 25m2

a2 b2 6ab + 9

4a2 b2 + 4abc + c2
x4 + 10x2 + 25
m4 + 2m2 n2 + n4

9x2 y 2 6xyz + z 2
a4 2a2 + 1
x6 2x3 + 1

2
(a) (x + 2)2
(d) (s 2t)2

(b) (t 4)2
(e) (s + 12 )2

(c) (3a + 2b)2

(f) (x + x1 )2

30

Exercises 4.4
1
9

25

49

16

100

36
64

25
9
4
16y 2

1
25
4
b2 4

7
2

(x + 3)2 9
(x + 7)2 49
(x + 6)2 36
(x 8)2 64

(x + 7)2 7

(x 2)2 4
(x 4)2 16

(x + 5)2 25
(x + 10)2 100

(x 5)2 25
3
9
(x + )2
2
4
(x + 4y)2 16y 2

(x + 1)2 1
5
25
(x )2
2
4
(2a b)2 (b2 4)

Solutions Lecture 5
Exercises 5.1
1

(a) 3,7 (b) 1,7 (c) -4,-6 (d) 3,5 (e) -7,4 (f) 6,-1

2
(a) (x + 3)(x + 7)
(d) (x + 3)(x + 5)

(b) (x + 1)(x + 7)
(e) (x 7)(x + 4)

(c) (x 4)(x 6)
(f) (x 6)(x + 1)

(a) (x 9)(x + 7)
(d) (a + 5)(a + 9)

(b) (y + 1)(y + 5)
(e) (b 4)(b 25)

(c) (x 11)(x + 10)

(f) (m + 11)(m 7)

Exercises 5.2
1.
(a) (3x + 2)(x + 1)
(d) (2x 3)(3x + 1)

(b) (2x + 1)(x + 2)

(e) (3x 7)(x 2)

(c) (2x + 1)(x + 3)

(f) (4 5x)(2x + 3)

Exercises 5.3
1
(a + b)(a b)
(y 4)(y + 4)

(x + 1)(x 1)
(5 n)(5 + n)
31

(3 + 2b)(3 2b)
(a + 3b)(a 3b)

(m + 7)(m 7)

(4x 5)(4x + 5)

(8 6m)(8 + 6m)

(2x + 3y)(2x 3y)

(6x + 7y)(6x 7y)
(a 9b)(a + 9b)
(4 3m)(4 + 3m)
25(x + 2)(x 2)
(7a + 11b)(7a 11b)

4(3x + y)(3x y)
(5ab + 2c)(5ab 2c)
(a + bc)(a bc)
(mn 4k)(mn + 4k)
(ax 4by)(ax + 4by)
(9x 5y)(9x + 5y)

(7x 8yz)(7x + 8yz)

(a2 5)(a2 + 5)
(x2 + 10)(x2 10)
(x y)(x + y)(x2 + y 2 )

(1 8m)(1 + 8m)

(1 6ab)(1 + 6ab)

12(y + 1)

(x + a + b)(x + a b)
(x + 2y + 4z)(x + 2y 4z)

Exercises 5.4
1.
(m + 1)(m2 m + 1)
(3a 1)(9a2 + 3a + 1)
(x + 3)(x2 3x + 9)
(a 4)(a2 + 4a + 16)
4(a + 2)(a2 2a + 4)
3(x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
2(x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
(2x 5)(4x2 + 10x + 25)
(t 1)(t2 + t + 1)
(x + 5)(x2 5x + 25)
5(m 1)(m2 + m + 1)
4(t 5)(t2 + 5t + 25)
(2x + 3)(4x2 6x + 9)
5(y 10)(y 2 + 10y + 100)
(y 10)(y 2 + 10y + 100)
2. x6 y 6 = (x y)(x5 + x4 y + x3 y 2 + x2 y 3 + xy 4 + y 5 ).
3. x7 y 7 = (x y)(x6 + x5 y + x4 y 2 + x3 y 3 + x2 y 4 + xy 5 + y 6 )
x7 + y 7 = (x + y)(x6 x5 y + x4 y 2 x3 y 3 + x2 y 4 xy 5 + y 6 ).
Exercises 5.5
1.

Fifth row is 1 5 quad 10 10 5 1

Sixth row is 1 6 quad 15 20 15 6 1
2.
(x + y)5 = x5 + 5x4 y + 10x3 y 2 + 10x2 y 3 + 5xy 4 + y 5
3.
(a) (a + b)6 = x6 + 6x5 y + 15x4 y 2 + 20x3 y 3 + 15x2 y 4 + 6xy 5 + y 6
(b) (x y)4 = x4 4x3 y + 6x2 y 2 4xy 3 + y 4
(c) (x + 2y)3 = x3 + 6x2 y + 12xy 2 + 8y 3

32

Solutions Lecture 6
Exercises 6.1
1

Find the value of the variable in each of the following equations.

9

7
6

8
15

8
4

3
4

6
2
6

8
5
6

4
36
22

6
10
9

10
10

6
7

198

15/8

1/3

57

8/3

18

16

1/2

4 45

10/7

5/6

4 45

4 34
5
3
4 15
5 45
8

Exercises 6.2 and Exercises 6.3

(a) a = 3, b = 1

(b) x = 2, y = 1
33

(c) p = 2, q = 1
(e) t = 13 , v = 43
3
(g) w1 = 1, w2 = 5

(d) x = 10, y = 2
(f) x = 3, y = 2
(h) x = 0, y = 0 or x = 1, y = 1

(i) x = 0, y = 0 or x = 2, y = 4
(k) x = 1, y = 1 or x = 14 , y = 4

(j) x = 0, y = 3 or x = 3, y = 0
(l) a = 32 , b = 12 , c = 52

34

Solutions Lecture 7
Exercises 7.1
1

Write down the solutions of the following equations.

x = 4, 6

y = 2

x = 6, 3

x = 5, 7

x = 8, 6

x = 1, 8

x = 5, 7

x = 0, 5
x = 2, 5
2
x = , 3
3
3
x = 0,
2

1
= 5,
4
= 4
1 1
= ,
2 3
1
= 2,
2

x = 3, 4
x = 1, 7

y = 1, 7
b=5

z = 5, 8
c = 3, 12

x = 2, 4

d = 1, 11
1
q = 2,
2
1 2
x = ,
2 5
x = 0, 3, 3

h=2

2
p = 1,
3
1 1
x= ,
7 5
x = 0, 1, 2

3
r = 4,
2
1 3
x=
,
13 2
7
x = 0, 2,
3

Exercises 7.2
1
(a) x = 2

(b) x =

7 33
4
9 21
6
2
3
3, 2

(d) No solution
(g) x = 0, 9
(j) x = 32

(e) x =
(h) a =
(k) x = 6, 8

(a) 2

(c) 2

2 11
7
x = 13

b = 314 37

(c) x =

(f)
(i)
(l) x = 0, 2, 4

2
(b) 0

(d) 1

(e) 0

Exercises 7.3
1

(a) x = 0, 2, 3

(a) x = 1, 2 (b) x = 0, 0, 3, 5

(a) x = 2 (b) x = 2

(b) x = 2, 1, 1

4.
x = 1, 2, 3
x = 1, 1, 3

x = 1, 1, 2
x = 2, 1, 4
35

(f) 1

x = 12 , 12 , 1

x = 2, 2 3

x = 3, 14 (1 57)

1, 12 2

x = 1, 3
cant do!

36

Solutions Lecture 8
Exercises 8.1
1

(a) False

(b) True

(a) x [2, 1)

(c) False

(d) True

(e) True

(b) x (, 2] (3, )

(c) x [2, 3)

Exercises 8.2
(a) x > 3
(d) r > 9

(b) x 30
(e) x > 10
3

(c) y 52
(f) 2 < x 2

(g) x 6
(j) x < 2, x 1

(h) x 1
(k) 3 < x < 2

(i) b 45
4
(l) x > 1, x < 1

Exercises 8.3
(a) x < 4, x > 3
(d) 3 < x < 3
(g) x 23 , x 12

(b) 7 y 1
(e) x < 3, x > 2
(h) x 4, x 4

(c) z 8, z 5
(f) 52 x 5
(i) 2 < x < 3

Exercises 8.4
(a) 17

(b)

(c) 1

(d) -1

(f) |x|

(e) 1

Exercises 8.5
1
(a) x = 6
(d) x = 2, 6
(g) No solution
(j) x = 2

(b) x = 6
(e) x = 3, 13
(h) x = 3, 9
(k) x = 72

(c) No solution
(f) x = 4, 8
(i) x = 1
(l) x [1, 2]

2
x > 6, x < 6
2x6
xR
2 < x < 2

x > 6, x < 6
x 3, x 13
x 9, x 3
x 72

xR
x < 4, x > 8
x 1
x [1, 2]

Solutions Lecture 9
37

Exercise 9.1
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 ... xn = 2n 1 or xn+1 = xn + 2 , x1 = 1.
2 6 16 54 162 486 1558 ... xn = 2.3n1 or xn+1 = 3xn , x1 = 2.
1 8 27 64 125 216 343 ... xn = n3 (or xn+1 = xn + 3n2 + 3n + 1, x1 = 1).
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 ... No formula possible. Prime numbers.
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 ... xn+2 = xn+1 + xn , x1 = 1, x2 = 1. Fibonacchi numbers.
Exercise 9.2
1. 1000.(1 + 1000)/2 = 500500
2. x27 = 5 + (27 1).3 = 83, s27 = 27.(5 + 83)/2 = 1188
3. There are n + 1 odd numbers on the list. Thus the sum is (n + 1)(1 + (2n + 1))/2 =
(n + 1)2 .
Exercise 9.3
1. x12 = 8.(1/2)11 = 1/256, s12 = 8.(1 (1/2)12 )/(1 1/2) = 15 255
256
2. 0.9 = 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + ... which is a GP with a = 9/10 and r = 1/10. Then
s = a/(1 r) = 1.
Solutions Lecture 10
Exercises 10.1


(4 1)2 + (6 2)2 = 5

(b) Midpoint is (1, 2), Distance is 62 + 22 = 2 10

(c) Midpoint is (3, 52 ), Distance is 02 + 92 = 9

(a) Midpoint is ( 52 , 4), Distance is

Exercises 10.3
4

2
-2

-1

2
1

-2

(a)

(b)

-4

38

-2

-1

4
3

2
1

2
-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

10

15

20

-1
1

-2
-3

(c)

-4

-2

(d)

-4

3
400
2
200

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

-20

-15

-10

-1

-5
-200

-2
-400

(e)

(f)

-3

30

0.75
20
0.5
10

0.25
-4

-3

-2

-1
-0.25

4
-10

-0.5
-20
-0.75

(g)

(h)

-1

39

-30

10

Solutions Lecture 11
Exercises 11.1
5

-3

-5

-3

-2

-1

-1

-2

-3

-1

-2

-4

-4

-5

-1

1(b) y = x 3

1(a) y = 2x + 3
3
-4

-2

-2
1

-3

-1

-2

-4

-1
-6

-2
-8
-3

1(c) y = 32 x +

1(d) y = 7

1
2

1.5

0.5

-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

2.5

-0.5
4
-1
2
-1.5
0.5

1.5

-2

1(e) x = 2

2. x = 2, y = 5

40

2.5

Exercises 11.2
3
4
2
2
1
-5
1

-4

-3

-1

-2

1
-2

-1

-4

(a) x 3, x 1

(b) 4 < x < 0

7

10
6
8

3
2

2
1
-5

-4

-3

-1

-2

(c) x >

3+ 5
,x
2

<

2
-3

3 5
2

-1

-2

(d) No such x

Solutions Lecture 12
Exercises 12.1
150
10

100
50

-3

-1

-2

4
-4

-10

-2

-50
-20
-100

1(a) y = (x 1)(x 3)(x + 2)

1(b) y = x(x + 5)(x 1)(3 x)

15

0.2

10

0.1

5
-1

-0.5

0.5

1.5

2
-3

-0.1

-2

-1

1
-5

-0.2
-10
-0.3
-15

1(c) y = x2 (x 1)

1(d) y = 4x x3

41

15
10
2
5
1
-4

-3

-1

-2

-5
-3

-1

-2

-10
-15

-1

1(e) y = x3 + 3x2 x 3

1(f) y = x4 + 2x3 x2 2x

Exercises 12.2
2

-2

-1

-1
1
-2

-2

-1

-3

-4
-1
-5

-6

-2

1(a) Centre at (0,0), Radius 2

1(b) Centre at (2,-5), Radius

1
2

10

1
0.5

8
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5

0.5

1.5

-0.5

-1
4
-1.5
-2

-2.5
-3

1(c) Centre at (0,-1), Radius

-6

-4

2.

42

-2

(x + 1)2 + (y 5)2 = 16

Solutions Lecture 13
Exercise 13.1

10

3
2.5

2
6
1.5
4
1
2

-5

-4

-3

-2

0.5

-1

-3

-2

-1

(y 1) = (x + 2)2

2.

y = |x|
5

3
2.5

2
3
1.5
2
1
1

0.5
-5

-4

-3

-2

-3

-2

-3

-2

-1

-4

y = 1/x

y = |x| + 2

2.

-1

y = |x + 2|

2
Exercise 13.2

-1

-3

-2

-1

2.

y = 1/(x + 1)

1
0.75

0.8
0.5
0.25

0.6
-3

0.4

-2

-1

1
-0.25
-0.5

0.2

-0.75
-3

-2

-1

3(a)

-1

y = 1/(x + 1)

3(b)

43

y = x/(x2 + 1)

0.8

2
1

0.6
-3

0.4

-2

-1

1
-1

0.2
-2
-3

-2

-1

-3

44