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RADIOGRAPHIC SCIENCE (UZY201C1)
Module Assessment: Component BAssignmentIntroduction
The filtration of an X-ray beam is undertaken in both radiotherapy anddiagnostic imaging. Filter materials such as aluminium and copper areutilised in radiotherapy equipment (ie orthovoltage) and diagnostic X-raytubes and primarily improve the quality of the X-ray beam, but reduces itsintensity.
This assignment is segmented into two parts:
 
Part One:
The evaluation of an experiment to determine the Half Value Thickness (HVT)of an X-ray beam for a given material (Aluminium)
Half Value Thickness may be defined as:
“The half value thickness is the thickness of a specified material which will reduce the number of X-rays (Intensity) in a beam by one half.” 
Using either WebCT or a CD-ROM (obtainable from the library), observeeither the video footage and/or image stills of an experiment undertaken inroom 1F01, where the intensity of a heterogeneous X-ray beam wasmeasured using a dose meter (ionisation chamber) and various thicknessesof an aluminium filter material.You should carefully observe the experiment and relate to the physicalprinciples of the interaction of X-ray photons with matter.
 
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A summary of the experiment
:
 
Experiment to determine Half Value Thickness (HVT)of an X-ray beam
.
Materials
•
X-ray source
•
Radcheck ionisation chamber
•
Aluminium sheets
•
Sticky tape
 
Method
The ionisation chamber was positioned approximately 100cm from the X-raysource. The light beam diaphragm (LBD) was collimated to the sensitive areaof the Radcheck. The chamber is switched on and reset to zero before eachexposure.An exposure of 80k kVp and 200mAs was set on the control panel. Allpersonnel were behind the screen before an exposure was undertaken. Theinitial dose reading on the ionisation chamber was recorded (
Table one
) andthe meter reset.Using sticky tape a 0.5mm thick sheet of aluminium was attached beneath theLBD. The exposure was repeated and dose reading was recorded.Additional sheets of aluminium were added to the first sheet, building up thethickness in
0.5mm
increments to an eventual total of
5mm
. The exposureswere repeated and dose readings recorded for each increment of aluminiumadded to the bottom of the LBD. (Table one).Calculate the relevant transmission of the X-ray beam, assuming an initial100% transmission with no aluminium.
Using Excel software, plot an appropriate graph and calculate the valueof HVT of aluminium for the X-ray beam utilised in this experiment.
 
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Table One
Thickness Al (mm)Recorded Dose(mGy)
0 0,9030,5 0,7501 0,6311,5 0,5532 0,8932,5 0,4523 0,3743,5 0,3324 0,3114,5 0,2795 0,252
Your graph should be in an exponential format and utilise the mathematicalformula relating to radiation intensity and thickness of an attenuating material(ie Aluminium). You should also indicate the actual half value thickness figureeither on your graph or body of assignment.
I = I
o
e
 –
 
 I = IntensityIo = Original Intensitye= Exponential Constant
=
A quantity which is related to the attenuating properties of themedium through which the X-ray beam has passed
 
t = Thickness of attenuator material (Aluminium)
of 00

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